man: follow up fixes for #2575

man: correct explanation of "systemctl is-enabled" output The "is-enabled" command doesn't care whether the symlinks are declared in the [Install] section of a unit file or not, when returning "enabled". Any alias, .wants/ or .requires/ symlinks suffice. Fixes: #975

man: document that "systemctl enable" supports abbreviated unit file names Fixes: #1502

systemctl: rename "reload-or-try-restart" verb to "try-reload-or-restart" But also keep the old name as (undocumented) compatibility around. The reload-or-try-restart was documented to be a NOP if the unit is not running, since the previous commits this is also implemented. The old name suggests that the "try" logic only applies to restarting. Fix this, by moving the "try-" to the front, to indicate that the whole option is a NOP if the service isn't running.

man: stop documenting legacy RedHatisms We generally document only the supported verbs, but not the compatibility verbs we also support, in order to keep the documentation minimal.

man: make systemctl is-enabled description match enable. systemctl is-enabled is not limited to wants.d - it also checks for requires.d and alias links.

man: document that unit file globbing only operates on primary unit names See: #2397

man: fix typos

man: fix typo in systemctl(1)

core: allow 'SetUnitProperties()' to run on inactive units too 'set-property' has been primarly designed to change some properties of *active* units. However it can easily work on inactive units as well. In that case changes are only saved in a drop-in for futur uses and changes will be effective when unit will be started. Actually it already works on inactive units but that was not documented and not fully supported. Indeed the inactive units had to be known by the manager otherwise it was reported as not loaded: $ systemctl status my-test.service * my-test.service - My Testing Unit Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/my-test.service; static; vendor preset: disabled) Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/my-test.service.d Active: inactive (dead) $ systemctl set-property my-test.service MemoryLimit=1000000 Failed to set unit properties on my-test.service: Unit my-test.service is not loaded. [ Note: that the unit load state reported by the 'status' command might be confusing since it claimed the unit as loaded but 'set-property' reported the contrary. ] One can possibily workaround this by making the unit a dependency of another active unit so the manager will keep it around: $ systemctl add-wants multi-user.target my-test.service Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/my-test.service to /etc/systemd/system/my-test.service. $ systemctl set-property my-test.service MemoryLimit=1000000 $ systemctl status my-test.service * my-test.service - My Testing Unit Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/my-test.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/my-test.service.d `-50-MemoryLimit.conf Active: inactive (dead) This patch simply forces 'SetUnitProperties()' to load the unit if it's not already the case. It also documents the fact that 'set-property' can be used on inactive units.

core: remove support for RequiresOverridable= and RequisiteOverridable= As discussed at systemd.conf 2015 and on also raised on the ML: http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-November/034880.html This removes the two XyzOverridable= unit dependencies, that were basically never used, and do not enhance user experience in any way. Most folks looking for the functionality this provides probably opt for the "ignore-dependencies" job mode, and that's probably a good idea. Hence, let's simplify systemd's dependency engine and remove these two dependency types (and their inverses). The unit file parser and the dbus property parser will now redirect the settings/properties to result in an equivalent non-overridable dependency. In the case of the unit file parser we generate a warning, to inform the user. The dbus properties for this unit type stay available on the unit objects, but they are now hidden from usual introspection and will always return the empty list when queried. This should provide enough compatibility for the few unit files that actually ever made use of this.

man: improve the unit file enable state table a bit

install: follow unit file symlinks in /usr, but not /etc when looking for [Install] data Some distributions use alias unit files via symlinks in /usr to cover for legacy service names. With this change we'll allow "systemctl enable" on such aliases. Previously, our rule was that symlinks are user configuration that "systemctl enable" + "systemctl disable" creates and removes, while unit files is where the instructions to do so are store. As a result of the rule we'd never read install information through symlinks, since that would mix enablement state with installation instructions. Now, the new rule is that only symlinks inside of /etc are configuration. Unit files, and symlinks in /usr are now valid for installation instructions. This patch is quite a rework of the whole install logic, and makes the following addional changes: - Adds a complete test "test-instal-root" that tests the install logic pretty comprehensively. - Never uses canonicalize_file_name(), because that's incompatible with operation relative to a specific root directory. - unit_file_get_state() is reworked to return a proper error, and returns the state in a call-by-ref parameter. This cleans up confusion between the enum type and errno-like errors. - The new logic puts a limit on how long to follow unit file symlinks: it will do so only for 64 steps at max. - The InstallContext object's fields are renamed to will_process and has_processed (will_install and has_installed) since they are also used for deinstallation and all kinds of other operations. - The root directory is always verified before use. - install.c is reordered to place the exported functions together. - Stricter rules are followed when traversing symlinks: the unit suffix must say identical, and it's not allowed to link between regular units and templated units. - Various modernizations - The "invalid" unit file state has been renamed to "bad", in order to avoid confusion between UNIT_FILE_INVALID and _UNIT_FILE_STATE_INVALID. Given that the state should normally not be seen and is not documented this should not be a problematic change. The new name is now documented however. Fixes #1375, #1718, #1706

Remove snapshot unit type Snapshots were never useful or used for anything. Many systemd developers that I spoke to at systemd.conf2015, didn't even know they existed, so it is fairly safe to assume that this type can be deleted without harm. The fundamental problem with snapshots is that the state of the system is dynamic, devices come and go, users log in and out, timers fire... and restoring all units to some state from the past would "undo" those changes, which isn't really possible. Tested by creating a snapshot, running the new binary, and checking that the transition did not cause errors, and the snapshot is gone, and snapshots cannot be created anymore. New systemctl says: Unknown operation snapshot. Old systemctl says: Failed to create snapshot: Support for snapshots has been removed. IgnoreOnSnaphost settings are warned about and ignored: Support for option IgnoreOnSnapshot= has been removed and it is ignored http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-November/034872.html

doc: correct orthography, word forms and missing/extraneous words

doc: correct punctuation and improve typography in documentation

systemctl: update documentation for --plain option - Existing documentation did not mention that --plain omits the bullets and works on list-units and list-machines.

systemctl: make "systemctl is-system-running" return "offline" if we are not booted with systemd This sounds like the better place to expose this than in "systemd-notify --booted". Also document the so far undocumented "unknown" state the command might return. And rearrange the table of states documented to be more like the one for "is-running". Also, don't document the precise exit code of this function, just say errors are reported != 0 or > 0...

systemctl: add --state=help This mirrors --type=help and simplifies completion scripts. The array of states is dense, so the is no need to check if the string is null.

containers: systemd exits with non-zero code When a systemd service running in a container exits with a non-zero code, it can be useful to terminate the container immediately and get the exit code back to the host, when systemd-nspawn returns. This was not possible to do. This patch adds the following to make it possible: - Add a read-only "ExitCode" property on PID 1's "Manager" bus object. By default, it is 0 so the behaviour stays the same as previously. - Add a method "SetExitCode" on the same object. The method fails when called on baremetal: it is only allowed in containers or in user session. - Add support in systemctl to call "systemctl exit 42". It reuses the existing code for user session. - Add exit.target and systemd-exit.service to the system instance. - Change main() to actually call systemd-shutdown to exit() with the correct value. - Add verb 'exit' in systemd-shutdown with parameter --exit-code - Update systemctl manpage. I used the following to test it: | $ sudo rkt --debug --insecure-skip-verify run \ | --mds-register=false --local docker://busybox \ | --exec=/bin/chroot -- /proc/1/root \ | systemctl --force exit 42 | ... | Container rkt-895a0cba-5c66-4fa5-831c-e3f8ddc5810d failed with error code 42. | $ echo $? | 42 Fixes https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/1290

core: extend KillUnit() to return error when no unit was killed

systemctl: add ConsistsOf as the inverse of PartOf

logind/systemctl: introduce SetWallMessage and --message Enable unprivileged users to set wall message on a shutdown operation. When the message is set via the --message option, it is logged together with the default shutdown message. $ systemctl reboot --message "Applied kernel updates." $ journalctl -b -1 ... systemd-logind[27]: System is rebooting. (Applied kernel updates.) ...

man: update description of --quiet This description should provide the general rule, without listing all the subcommands, which is bound to get out of date too often. https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/216

man: information about available properties https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1144496

man: Remove instances of pseudo-English "resp." Me again :) Just noticed one of these in a manpage and did another pass to clean them up. See 16dad32e437fdf2ffca03cc60a083d84bd31886f for explanation, though the link needs updating: <http://transblawg.eu/2004/02/26/resp-and-other-non-existent-english-wordsnicht-existente-englische-worter/>

systemctl: Use /usr/bin/editor if available If the EDITOR environment variable is not set, the Debian policy recommends to use the /usr/bin/editor program as default editor. This file is managed via the dpkg alternatives mechanism and typically used in Debian/Ubuntu and derivatives to configure the default editor. See section 11.4 of the Debian policy [1]. Therefor prefer /usr/bin/editor over specific editors if available. [1] https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-customized-programs.html

man: use configured path for mount and umount binaries in manpages Export the MOUNT_PATH and UMOUNT_PATH variables as XML entities and use them in the systemctl.1 manpage instead of hardcoding the path in /usr/bin. Tested: - Ran ./configure ac_cv_path_MOUNT_PATH=/bin/mount (same for umount) and rebuilt the manpages, confirmed that the correct path was in man/systemctl.1 - Rebuilt man/systemd.directives.xml and the man pages derived from it, confirmed that the correct paths were there as well.

man: generate configured paths in manpages In particular, use /lib/systemd instead of /usr/lib/systemd in distributions like Debian which still have not adopted a /usr merge setup. Use XML entities from man/custom-entities.ent to replace configured paths while doing XSLT processing of the original XML files. There was precedent of some files (such as systemd.generator.xml) which were already using this approach. This addresses most of the (manual) fixes from this patch: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/patches/Fix-paths-in-man-pages.patch?h=experimental-220 The idea of using generic XML entities was presented here: http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032240.html This patch solves almost all the issues, with the exception of: - Path to /bin/mount and /bin/umount. - Generic statements about preference of /lib over /etc. These will be handled separately by follow up patches. Tested: - With default configure settings, ran "make install" to two separate directories and compared the output to confirm they matched exactly. - Used a set of configure flags including $CONFFLAGS from Debian: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/rules Installed the tree and confirmed the paths use /lib/systemd instead of /usr/lib/systemd and that no other unexpected differences exist. - Confirmed that `make distcheck` still passes.

Use "new" --job-mode= option in more places --irreversible/--ignore-dependencies/--fail are deprececated since 4dc5b821ae737914499119e29811fc3346e3d97c. Also add shell completions for --jobs-mode.

systemctl: introduce --now for enable, disable and mask https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42940

treewide: Correct typos and spell plural of bus consistent

run: by default, wait until the transient unit finished start-up Make this blocking behaviour optional with --no-block, similar to systemctl's switch of this name.

logind,systemctl: add reboot to EFI firmware support

man: fix name of systemd.resource-control(5)

man: fix a bunch of links All hail linkchecker!

man: boilerplate unification

man: fix reference to glob manpage

man: add systemd.generator(7) This is largely based on http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators/, and obsoletes that page. It seems that we do a much better job of keeping man pages up-to-date compared to wiki pages. Man pages are also easier to find for users. https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=89048

man: use one description of --no-legend

systemctl: fix import-environment description, trim help to 80 cols

man: remove references to systemadm from systemctl man page The tool is badly maintained and we shouldn't refence such old cruft.

man: bring systemctl man page and --help text into the same order

man: Fix spelling

systemctl: add edit verb It helps editing units by either creating a drop-in file, like /etc/systemd/system/my.service.d/override.conf, or by copying the original unit from /usr/lib/systemd/ to /etc/systemd/ if the --full option is specified. It invokes an editor on temporary files related to the unit files and if the editor exited successfully, then it renames the temporary files to their original names (e.g. my.service or override.conf) and daemon-reload is invoked. If the temporary file is empty the modification is canceled. See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=906824

man: update description of default extension for isolate

man: reword list-dependencies description The previous version was a bit too vague. It is better to simply list all dependency types that are followed. Previous version also made an emphasis on dependencies introduced by configuration. But this command (or systemd) don't care about this distinction between configured and automatically added dependencies at all. This distinctionis removed from the main description, and an explanatory paragraph is added to remind the user that all dependencies are shown, no matter where they come from.

man: add emacs header to get correct indention in nxml-mode for the manpage XML files that use 2ch indenting In the long run we really should figure out if we want to stick with 8ch or 2ch indenting, and not continue with half-and-half. For now, just make emacs aware of the files that use 2ch indenting.

man: improve documentation for "indirect" unit file state a bit Also, correct mentions of "units" instead of "unit files" in the table, and terminate all sentences with a full stop.

shared/install: when unit contains only Also=, report 'indirect' If a unit contains only Also=, with no Alias= or WantedBy=, it shouldn't be reported as static. New 'indirect' status shall be introduced. https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=864298

man: don't refer to undocumented option '--failed'

man: don't document systemctl --failed This effectively reverts 599b6322f19ec619ddc294d0e7880b669040cf66, which in turn partially reverted 4dc5b821ae737914499119e29811fc3346e3d97c. The --failed switch is not documented on purpose, since it is redundant due to --state=failed, which it predates. Due to that it's not documented in --help either. We generally try to avoid redundant interfaces, but if we need to keep them for compatibility we do so, however remove them from documentation to ensure they are not used in future. The man page is now changed to include a comment about the fact that --failed is not documented on purpose. Also, explicitly mention --state=failed as example for --state.

man: document --failed https://bugs.debian.org/767267

man: minor corrections on how the overall system states are actually defined

man: add table of manager states

man/systemctl: document enable on masked units

systemctl: add add-wants and add-requires verbs

man: make it more clear that the concepts systemctl(1) manage are introduced in systemd(1) Based on a suggestion of Ken Coar.

man: fix typos

man: drop references to removed and obsolete 'systemctl load' command

docs: remove repeating words from man/*xml

man: add a mapping for external manpages It is annoying when we have dead links on fd.o. Add project='man-pages|die-net|archlinux' to <citerefentry>-ies. In generated html, add external links to http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man, http://linux.die.net/man/, https://www.archlinux.org/. By default, pages in sections 2 and 4 go to man7, since Michael Kerrisk is the autorative source on kernel related stuff. The rest of links goes to linux.die.net, because they have the manpages. Except for the pacman stuff, since it seems to be only available from archlinux.org. Poor gummiboot gets no link, because gummitboot(8) ain't to be found on the net. According to common wisdom, that would mean that it does not exist. But I have seen Kay using it, so I know it does, and deserves to be found. Can somebody be nice and put it up somewhere?

doc: grammatical corrections

systemctl: add new "is-system-running" command to check whether system is fully up https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=66926

install: beef up preset logic to limit to only enable or only disable, and do all-unit preset operations The new "systemctl preset-all" command may now be used to put all installed units back into the enable/disable state the vendor/admin encoded in preset files. Also, introduce "systemctl --preset-mode=enable-only" and "systemctl --preset-mode=disable-only" to only apply the enable or only the disable operations of a "systemctl preset" or "systemctl preset-all" operation. "systemctl preset-all" implements this RFE: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=630174

man: clarify the effect of replace-irreversibly on future conflicting jobs

Fix typos in systemctl manpage

doc: comma placement corrections and word order Set commas where there should be some. Some improvements to word order.

doc: corrections to words and forms This patch exchange words which are inappropriate for a situation, deletes duplicated words, and adds particles where needed.

systemctl: add more verbose explanation of --kill-who and what control/main processes are

systemctl: --kill-mode is long long gone, don't mention it in the man page

man: improve wording of systemctl's --after/--before Commit 4a77ca7 was an attempt at fixing the wording of --after and --before, but the new wording was unclear. Split the combined --after/--before section into a separate section for each, explicitly state what each option does, and add information about how these lists are generated. Reported-by: Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@gmail.com> Reported-by: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>

systemctl: introduce -r switch to show units running in local containers in addition to the host

systemctl: when "systemctl status" is called without arguments show a short overall system state Previously "systemctl status" without argument would print the status of all loaded units. This has now been moved to "systemctl status -a".

systemctl: add new "list-machines" command "systemctl list-machines" shows one line per local container which includes the current system state of the container, the number of failed units as well as the number of currently queued jobs.

man: fix description of systemctl --after/--before It was backward - --after fetches After property, so units shown really come *before* unit given as argument. Same for --before.

man: xinclude --host/--machine As usual, those common options are pushed to the end.

man: xinclude --user/--system

man: xinclude --help/--version/--no-pager

doc: resolve missing/extraneous words or inappropriate forms Issues fixed: * missing words required by grammar * duplicated or extraneous words * inappropriate forms (e.g. singular/plural), and declinations * orthographic misspellings

doc: update punctuation Resolve spotted issues related to missing or extraneous commas, dashes.

man: replace STDOUT with standard output, etc. Actually 'STDOUT' is something that doesn't appear anywhere: in the stdlib we have 'stdin', and there's only the constant STDOUT_FILENO, so there's no reason to use capitals. When refering to code, STDOUT/STDOUT/STDERR are replaced with stdin/stdout/stderr, and in other places they are replaced with normal phrases like standard output, etc.

man: always place <programlisting> and </programlisting> in a line with actual sources, so that we don't get spurious newlines in the man page output

man: use xinclude to de-deduplicate common text I only tested with python-lxml. I'm not sure if xml.etree should be deprecated.

pager: support SYSTEMD_LESS environment variable This allows customization of the arguments used by less. The main motivation is that some folks might not like having --no-init on every invocation of less.

systemctl: introduce new "import-environment" command This may be used in graphical session start-up scripts to upload environment variables such as $DISPLAY into the systemd manager easily.

systemctl: allow globbing in commands which take multiple unit names

man: fix description of is-enabled returned value

man: grammar and wording improvements This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to: - missing words, preposition choice. - change of /lib to /usr/lib, because that is what most distros are using as the system-wide location for systemd/udev files.

man: improvements to comma placement This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to: comma placement.

man: resolve word omissions This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to: word omissions and word class choice.

man: update the list of commands influenced by --full http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=732798

man: mention --full and --lines in systemctl status http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=732798

loginctl,shell-completions: fix listing of sessions/users/seats

man: document 'is-enabled' output https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=953077

Help output spring cleaning Use [brackets] only for optional elements. Use <optional> in XML sources.

systemctl: allow globbing in list-<whatever> commands It is nicer to say 'systemctl list-units ssh\*' then to use grep, because colouring is preserved and it is easier to match just against the unit name.

systemctl: do not show SourcePath when FragmentPath cannot be found Those files can be in a completely deferent format and also arbitrarily long, and usually contain information about other stuff. If we ever add SourceLine= or SourceLines= in addition to SourcePath=, and can show the relevant information only, this commit can be reverted.

systemctl: add "systemctl cat"

man: explain the precise syntax and feature set of unit names at the end of the man page, given that it is detail information

systemctl: replace the three job mode options by a single --job-mode= option Also, expose the new "flush" job mode this way.

systemctl: add new "list-timers" command

man: update systemctl man page to mentioned --machine=

Support additional argument in reboot reboot syscall can be performed with an additional argument. In some systems this functionality can be useful to modify the mode of the next boot performed by the bootloader.

man: wording and grammar updates This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to various issue spotted: comma setting, missing words/preposition choice.

man: explain NAME in systemctl man page

man: wording and grammar updates This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to various issue spotted. I guess I can just skip over reporting ubiquitous comma placement fixes…

man: drop references to "cgroup" wher appropriate Since cgroups are mostly now an implementation detail of systemd lets deemphasize it a bit in the man pages. This renames systemd.cgroup(5) to systemd.resource-control(5) and uses the term "resource control" rather than "cgroup" where appropriate. This leaves the word "cgroup" in at a couple of places though, like for example systemd-cgtop and systemd-cgls where cgroup stuff is at the core of what is happening.

man: mention --runtime where appropriate https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1009956

man: wording and grammar updates This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to various issue spotted. I guess I can just skip over reporting ubiquitous comma placement fixes… Highligts in this particular commit: - the "unsigned" type qualifier is completed to form a full type "unsigned int" - alphabetic -> lexicographic (that way we automatically define how numbers get sorted)

man: split systemctl commands to sections

man: Small grammar fix Use Oxford comma.

systemctl.8: fix typo in SEE ALSO

systemctl: remove "load" command "systemctl load" has always been racy since the GC could hit any time, before making use of the loaded unit. Very recent systemd will run GC immeidately after all unit state changes which has the effect that the the effect of "systemctl load" is completely gone now, so let's remove the support for it in "systemctl" for good.

systemctl: move set-log-level to systemd-analyze "systemctl set-log-level" is a command for analysis and tracing hence "systemd-analyze" should be the better home for it, thus allowing us to make the overly large "systemctl" a bit smaller.

systemctl: move "dump" command from systemctl to systemd-analyze It's an analysis command and its format is explicitly not covered by any stability guarantees, hence move away from systemctl and into systemd-analyze, minimizing the already large interface of systemctl a bit. This patch also adds auto-paging to the various systemd-analyze commands where that makes sense

man: wording and grammar updates This includes regularly-submitted corrections to comma setting and orthographical mishaps that appeared in man/ in recent commits.

man: update documentation of systemctl cgroup commands

systemctl: option to list units by state This allows to show only units with specified LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state.

man: wording and grammar updates

man: document machinectl and systemd-machined

man: add more formatting markup

man: improve grammar and word formatting in numerous man pages Use proper grammar, word usage, adjective hyphenation, commas, capitalization, spelling, etc. To improve readability, some run-on sentences or sentence fragments were revised. [zj: remove the space from 'file name', 'host name', and 'time zone'.]

journalctl,loginctl,systemctl,systemd-cgls: add -l as alias for --full https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=65850

systemctl: add command set-log-level Command changes current log level

systemctl: add commands set-default and get-default systemctl set-default NAME links the default.target to the given unit, get-default prints out the path to the currently set default target.

Spelling fixes

systemctl: add --plain option to list-dependencies This patch adds more script-friendly output for list-dependencies.

systemctl: show reverse dependencies or before/after ordering Also update completion scripts a bit.

systemctl: drop usage of "internally loaded modules" I wouldn't know what "internally" is supposed to mean hear, and we use this terminology in this context nowhere else, so let's drop this.

systemctl: clarify usage of "--all" versus list-unit-files Novice users might think, that $ systemctl --all is equal to $ systemctl list-unit-files https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=748512

Fix spelling errors using 'codespell' tool

systemctl: new verb 'list-sockets' LISTEN UNIT ACTIVATES /dev/initctl systemd-initctl.socket systemd-initctl.service /dev/log systemd-journald.socket systemd-journald.service ... [::]:19531 systemd-journal-gatewayd.socket systemd-journal-gatewayd.service kobject-uevent 1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service 17 sockets listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive sockets, too.

systemctl: allow multiple arguments to --type This mirrors --property, and is generally useful. New functionality is used in bash completion. In case of zsh completion, new functionality is less useful because of caching. Nevertheless, zsh completion for restart is made to behave more-or-less the same as bash completion. At least sockets can be restarted.

man: clarify systemctl --property= documentation a bit

man: document the new systemctl cgroup commands

systemctl: make shutdown operations use irreversible jobs Occasionally people report problem with reboot/poweroff operations hanging in the middle. One known cause is when a new transaction to start a unit is enqueued while the shutdown is going on. The start of the unit conflicts with the shutdown jobs, so they get cancelled. The failure case can be quite unpleasant, becase getty and sshd may already be stopped. Fix it by using irreversible jobs for shutdown (reboot/poweroff/...) actions. This applies to commands like "reboot", "telinit 6", "systemctl reboot". Should someone desire to use reversible jobs, they can say "systemctl start reboot.target".`

core, systemctl: add support for irreversible jobs Add a new job mode: replace-irreversibly. Jobs enqueued using this mode cannot be implicitly canceled by later enqueued conflicting jobs. They can however still be canceled with an explicit "systemctl cancel" call.

systemctl: make "systemctl default" use "isolate" job mode "systemctl default" should behave identically to "telinit N" (where N is the corresponding runlevel target number), therefore it should use isolate job mode too.

systemctl: allow comma sepearted property lists

man: prettify systemctl(1) - reindent with two spaces, otherwise everything is squeezed near the right margin, - mark only optional arguments as optional, - some typos, etc.

systemctl: allow status with no units This makes 'status' behave like 'list-units': systemctl status -> status of all units systemctl -t error status -> status of error units systemctl -t mount status -> etc.

Move systemctl dot to systemd-analyze dot

man: Make options consistent Option listings seemed to be pretty much random, some were short opt, long opt, others were long opt, short opt. This just makes every option with a short and long opt that I could find in the order short opt, long opt, for formatting's sake.

man: extend systemd.directives(7) to all manual pages New sections are added: PAM options, crypttab options, commandline options, miscellaneous. The last category will be used for all untagged <varname> elements. Commandline options sections is meant to be a developer tool: when adding an option it is sometimes useful to be able to check if similarly named options exist elsewhere.

systemctl: make list-dependencies default to default.target

systemctl add command list-dependencies systemctl list-dependencies lists all unit's dependecies and recursively expands all subsidiary target units into a tree. Primary purpose for this command is to show all units which are enabled in specified target.

systemctl,loginctl,cgls: do not ellipsize cgroup members when --full is specified New file output.h with output flags and modes. --full parameter also for cgls and loginctl. Include 'all' parameter in flags (show_cgroup_by_path, show_cgroup, show_cgroup_and_extra, show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec). get_process_cmdline with max_length == 0 will not ellipsize output. Replace LINE_MAX with 0 in some calls of get_process_cmdline. [zj: Default to --full when under pager for clgs. Drop '-f' since it wasn't documented and didn't actually work. Reindent a bit. ]

systemctl: honour inhibitors when shutting down or entering sleep state

systemctl: add is-failed Adds is-failed to join is-active and is-enabled. I grabbed this one from the todo list. Most of the functionality was already there for is-active. I just needed to make check_one_unit take the states to check for as an argument instead of the hardcoded "active" and "reloading". is-failed will return 1 if none of the units given are failed. This is different from is-active which will return 3 if none of the units given are active. It returns 3 with this comment: /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */ As that does not make sense when looking for failed units I simply chose 1 instead.

systemctl: add help for --type/-t The list of types and load states if lengthy, so a little reminder can be sometimes useful.

man: explain a bit more detailed what happens on suspend

logind: support for hybrid sleep (i.e. suspend+hibernate at the same time)

man: typo fixes https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=55890 Fixed typos, serial comma, and removed "either" as there were more than two options. Also did an extra rename of "system-shutdown" to "systemd-shutdown" that was forgotten in commit 8bd3b8620c80d0f2383f2fb04315411fc8077ca1

systemctl: remove --follow option Given that "journalctl -u" exists now there's no need to duplicate this functionality in systemctl, so let's drop this, especially given that it always felt a bit awkward to overload "-f" to both --force and --follow, and to have continues output with a status header for this. systemctl status -f avahi-daemon now becomes: journalctl -fu avahi-daemon Which is shorter and a lot less redundant.

man: fix a bunch of typos in docs https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=54501

systemd: enable/disable instances of template https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=752774

Spelling fixes.

systemctl: filter shown units by their load state E.g. systemctl --all -t masked gives the list of masked units. The -t/--type option is reused. This is possible because unit types and unit load states are called differently, so it is possible to distinguish what the user meant. Using the same option also means that the interface is user for the user: less options to remember.

man: add various links from man pages to appropriate wiki pages

man: document preset files

man: replace tabs with spaces

systemctl: rename "man" to "help"

systemctl: introduce "systemctl man" to show man page for unit For now this only reads man: URLs, but later on we might want to support info: too. http/https is probably out of focus.

man/systemctl.xml: Add missing space for »stopcommand«

man: overwrite vs. override 'overwrite' conveys the idea of the old text being destroyed. 'override' does not. It is more similar to 'overrule'.

systemctl: add switch-root verb

sleep: implement suspend/hibernate as first class targets

relicense to LGPLv2.1 (with exceptions) We finally got the OK from all contributors with non-trivial commits to relicense systemd from GPL2+ to LGPL2.1+. Some udev bits continue to be GPL2+ for now, but we are looking into relicensing them too, to allow free copy/paste of all code within systemd. The bits that used to be MIT continue to be MIT. The big benefit of the relicensing is that closed source code may now link against libsystemd-login.so and friends.

polkit: temporarily spawn of a polkit agent in terminals for possibly authenticated operations

systemctl: make -f short for both --follow and --force

rename /etc/systemd/systemd-{login,journal}d.conf to {login,journal}d.conf

man: don't claim -f was short for --follow

journalctl,loginctl: drop systemd- prefix in binary names Let's make things a bit easier to type, drop the systemd- prefix for journalctl and loginctl, but provide the old names for compat. All systemd binaries are hence now prefixed with "systemd-" with the exception of the three primary user interface binaries: systemctl loginctl journalctl For those three we do provide systemd-xyz names as well, via symlinks: systemd-systemctl → systemctl systemd-loginctl → loginctl systemd-journalctl → journalctl We do this only for the *primary* user tools, in order to avoid unnecessary namespace problems. That means tools like systemd-notify stay the way they are.

man: document journal features of systemctl(1)

systemctl: introduce systemctl reboot -ff

man: document list-unit-files It's documented in the --help, but not in the manpage.

systemctl: print the legend regardless of stdout type, add --no-legend Print the legend (the column headers and the footer with hints) by default even to non-tty output. People seem to get confused by the difference when they redirect the output. Add a parameter to suppress the printing of the legend. Related-to: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=713567

systemctl: hook up new install logic This adds a number of new options to systemctl, for presets, reenabling, masking/unmask, and runtime operations.

systemctl: remove monitor command since it is mostly useless

man: add a couple of crosslinks

man: add man page for systemd-loginctl

systemctl: hide all information on --kill-mode= since it is mostly useless

systemctl: add support for --root for systemctl enable/disable/is-enabled Add --root=<root> for enable/disable/is-enabled systemctl commands. To be used for easily enable / disable systemd services for a chroot, without running systemctl inside chroot.

systemctl: Add SYSTEMD_PAGER for setting the pager to use in systemctl

man: Documentation spelling fixes

man: fix description of systemctl reload-or-try-restart

exec: drop process group kill mode since it has little use and confuses the user

man: fix systemctl try-restart description It is no more error when service is not running.

systemctl: support remote and privileged systemctl access via SSH and pkexec This adds support for executing systemctl operations remotely or as privileged user while still running systemctl itself unprivileged and locally. This currently requires a D-Bus patch to work properly. https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35230

systemctl: introduce --ignore-dependencies

systemctl: introduce --failed to show only failed services

systemctl: implement auto-pager a la git

man: systemctl - clarify condrestart, force-reload

man: systemctl - spelling fixes

drop support for MANAGER_SESSION, introduce MANAGER_USER instead

systemctl: automatically spawn temporary password agent when we might need one

man: numerous updates to document updated systemctl behaviour

man: document systemctl --force

systemctl: introduce systemctl kill

man: Fix small typo: s/seperate/separate/

build-sys: prepare new release

man: extend documentation on systemctl isolate Lennart has convinced me that it's more helpful to participate than to sit on the sidelines and complain. So, hello everyone. I'm starting by giving up the battle to change the systemctl "isolate" command to "switch-to". Can't win them all. :) I've got a suggested patch to expand the documentation a bit, hopefully making it more clear to new systemd users. Is there an easy way to list all units where AllowIsolate is enabled? That should be included alongside this, I think.

systemctl: avoid wrapping of headers/footers This change makes sure that our output never exceeds 80ch on 80ch terminals. https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=626443

manager: rename 'maintenance' state to 'failed' to avoid user confusion https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=614619

unit: introduce AllowIsolate= switch

man: document new 'systemctl status PID' syntax

systemctl: fold systemd-install into systemctl

systemctl: accept -p more than once

device: do not merge devices Don't try to merge devices that have been created via dependencies when they appear in the system and can be recognized as the same. Instead, simply continue to maintain them independently of each other, however with the same state cycle. Why? Because otherwise we'd have a hard time to seperate the dependencies after the devices are unplugged again and we hence cannot be sure anymore that next time the device is plugged in it will carry the same names. Example: if one depndency refers to dev-sda.device and another one to dev-by-id-xxxyyy.device we only learn at time of plug in of the device that it is actually the same device that was ment. In the moment the device is unplugged again we won't know anymore their relation to each other and the next time the harddisk is plugged it might even appear as dev-by-id-xxxyyy.device and dev-sdb.service. To ensure the dependencies continue to have the meaning they were intended to have let's hence keep the .device objects seperate all the time, even when they are plugged in. This patch also introduces a new Following= property which points from the various .device units of a specific device to the main .device unit for it. This can be used by the client side to figure out the relation of the .device units to each other and even filter units from display.

systemctl: introduce reset-maintenance command

systemctl: add to command for virtualizing the dependency tree with graphviz

systemctl: introduce try-restart and reload-or-restart commands

units: introduce emergency.target

systemctl: turn --replace into --fail

man: minor edits to daemon, sd_listen_fds, sd_notify, systemctl, systemd.exec, systemd, and systemd.timer pages Just some minor grammar fixes.

systemctl: implement 'status' command

man: update systemctl man page

man: fix typo in systemctl man page

systemctl: implement delete command

man: update systemctl man page

man: various fixes

man: spelling fixes

man: extend manual page documentation