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<refentry id="systemd-analyze">

<refentryinfo>

<title>systemd-analyze</title>

<productname>systemd</productname>

<authorgroup>

<author>

<contrib>Developer</contrib>

<firstname>Lennart</firstname>

<surname>Poettering</surname>

<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>

</author>

<author>

<contrib>Developer</contrib>

<firstname>Harald</firstname>

<surname>Hoyer</surname>

<email>harald@redhat.com</email>

</author>

</authorgroup>

</refentryinfo>

<refmeta>

<refentrytitle>systemd-analyze</refentrytitle>

<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

</refmeta>

<refnamediv>

<refname>systemd-analyze</refname>

<refpurpose>Analyze system boot-up performance</refpurpose>

</refnamediv>

<refsynopsisdiv>

<cmdsynopsis>

<command>systemd-analyze</command>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>

<arg>time</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<cmdsynopsis>

<command>systemd-analyze</command>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>

<arg choice="plain">blame</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<cmdsynopsis>

<command>systemd-analyze</command>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>

<arg choice="plain">critical-chain</arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>UNIT</replaceable></arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<cmdsynopsis>

<command>systemd-analyze</command>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>

<arg choice="plain">plot</arg>

<arg choice="opt">&gt; file.svg</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<cmdsynopsis>

<command>systemd-analyze</command>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>

<arg choice="plain">dot</arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable></arg>

<arg choice="opt">&gt; file.dot</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<cmdsynopsis>

<command>systemd-analyze</command>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>

<arg choice="plain">dump</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<cmdsynopsis>

<command>systemd-analyze</command>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>

<arg choice="plain">set-log-level</arg>

<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

</refsynopsisdiv>

<refsect1>

<title>Description</title>

<para><command>systemd-analyze</command> may be used

to determine system boot-up performance statistics and

retrieve other state and tracing information from the

system and service manager.</para>

<para><command>systemd-analyze time</command>

prints the time spent in the kernel before

userspace has been reached, the time spent in the

initial RAM disk (initrd) before normal system

userspace has been reached, and the time normal system

userspace took to initialize. Note that these

measurements simply measure the time passed up to the

point where all system services have been spawned, but

not necessarily until they fully finished

initialization or the disk is idle.</para>

<para><command>systemd-analyze blame</command> prints

a list of all running units, ordered by the time they

took to initialize. This information may be used to

optimize boot-up times. Note that the output might be

misleading as the initialization of one service might

be slow simply because it waits for the initialization

of another service to complete.</para>

<para><command>systemd-analyze critical-chain [<replaceable>UNIT...</replaceable>]</command>

prints a tree of the time-critical chain of units

(for each of the specified <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>s

or for the default target otherwise).

The time after the unit is active or started is printed

after the "@" character. The time the unit takes to

start is printed after the "+" character.

Note that the output might be misleading as the

initialization of one service might depend on socket

activation and because of the parallel execution

of units.</para>

<para><command>systemd-analyze plot</command> prints

an SVG graphic detailing which system services have

been started at what time, highlighting the time they

spent on initialization.</para>

<para><command>systemd-analyze dot</command> generates

textual dependency graph description in dot format for

further processing with the GraphViz

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>

tool. Use a command line like <command>systemd-analyze

dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg</command> to generate a

graphical dependency tree. Unless

<option>--order</option> or <option>--require</option>

is passed, the generated graph will show both ordering

and requirement dependencies. Optional pattern

globbing style specifications

(e.g. <filename>*.target</filename>) may be given at

the end. A unit dependency is included in the graph if

any of these patterns match either the origin or

destination node.</para>

<para><command>systemd-analyze dump</command> outputs

a (usually very long) human-readable serialization of

the complete server state. Its format is subject to

change without notice and should not be parsed by

applications.</para>

<para><command>systemd-analyze set-log-level

<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></command> changes the

current log level of the <command>systemd</command>

daemon to <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> (accepts

the same values as <option>--log-level=</option>

described in

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>

<para>If no command is passed, <command>systemd-analyze

time</command> is implied.</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>Options</title>

<para>The following options are understood:</para>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>-h</option></term>

<term><option>--help</option></term>

<listitem><para>Prints a short help

text and exits.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--user</option></term>

<listitem><para>Shows performance data

of user sessions instead of the system

manager.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--order</option></term>

<term><option>--require</option></term>

<listitem><para>When used in

conjunction with the

<command>dot</command> command (see

above), selects which dependencies are

shown in the dependency graph. If

<option>--order</option> is passed,

only dependencies of type

<varname>After=</varname> or

<varname>Before=</varname> are

shown. If <option>--require</option>

is passed, only dependencies of type

<varname>Requires=</varname>,

<varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,

<varname>Requisite=</varname>,

<varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname>,

<varname>Wants=</varname> and

<varname>Conflicts=</varname> are

shown. If neither is passed, this shows

dependencies of all these

types.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--from-pattern=</option></term>

<term><option>--to-pattern=</option></term>

<listitem><para>When used in

conjunction with the

<command>dot</command> command (see

above), this selects which relationships

are shown in the dependency graph.

They both require

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>

patterns as arguments, which are

matched against left-hand and

right-hand, respectively, nodes of a

relationship. Each of these can be

used more than once, which means a

unit name must match one of the given

values.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--fuzz=</option><replaceable>timespan</replaceable></term>

<listitem><para>When used in conjunction

with the <command>critical-chain</command>

command (see above), also show units, which

finished <replaceable>timespan</replaceable> earlier, than the

latest unit in the same level. The unit of

<replaceable>timespan</replaceable> is seconds

unless specified with a different unit,

e.g. "50ms".</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--no-pager</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>Do not pipe output into a pager.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>Exit status</title>

<para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure

code otherwise.</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>Examples</title>

<para>This plots all dependencies of any unit whose

name starts with <literal>avahi-daemon.</literal>:</para>

<programlisting>$ systemd-analyze dot 'avahi-daemon.*' | dot -Tsvg > avahi.svg

$ eog avahi.svg</programlisting>

<para>This plots the dependencies between all known target units:</para>

<programlisting>systemd-analyze dot --to-pattern='*.target' --from-pattern='*.target' | dot -Tsvg > targets.svg

$ eog targets.svg</programlisting>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>Environment</title>

<variablelist class='environment-variables'>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>Pager to use when <option>--no-pager</option> is not

given; overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting this to

an empty string or the value <literal>cat</literal> is

equivalent to passing

<option>--no-pager</option>.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>See Also</title>

<para>

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry>