/** \file
* LPE Curve Stitching implementation, used as an example for a base starting class
* when implementing new LivePathEffects.
*
*/
/*
* Authors:
* JF Barraud.
*
* Copyright (C) Johan Engelen 2007 <j.b.c.engelen@utwente.nl>
*
* Released under GNU GPL, read the file 'COPYING' for more information
*/
#include "ui/widget/scalar.h"
#include <glibmm/i18n.h>
#include "live_effects/lpe-rough-hatches.h"
#include "sp-item.h"
#include "sp-path.h"
#include "svg/svg.h"
#include "xml/repr.h"
#include <2geom/path.h>
#include <2geom/piecewise.h>
#include <2geom/sbasis.h>
#include <2geom/sbasis-math.h>
#include <2geom/sbasis-geometric.h>
#include <2geom/bezier-to-sbasis.h>
#include <2geom/sbasis-to-bezier.h>
#include <2geom/d2.h>
#include <2geom/affine.h>
namespace Inkscape {
namespace LivePathEffect {
using namespace Geom;
//------------------------------------------------
// Some goodies to navigate through curve's levels.
//------------------------------------------------
struct LevelCrossing{
Point pt;
double t;
bool sign;
bool used;
std::pair<unsigned,unsigned> next_on_curve;
std::pair<unsigned,unsigned> prev_on_curve;
};
struct LevelCrossingOrder {
bool operator()(LevelCrossing a, LevelCrossing b) {
return ( a.pt[Y] < b.pt[Y] );// a.pt[X] == b.pt[X] since we are supposed to be on the same level...
//return ( a.pt[X] < b.pt[X] || ( a.pt[X] == b.pt[X] && a.pt[Y] < b.pt[Y] ) );
}
};
struct LevelCrossingInfo{
double t;
unsigned level;
unsigned idx;
};
struct LevelCrossingInfoOrder {
bool operator()(LevelCrossingInfo a, LevelCrossingInfo b) {
return a.t < b.t;
}
};
typedef std::vector<LevelCrossing> LevelCrossings;
static std::vector<double>
discontinuities(Piecewise<D2<SBasis> > const &f){
std::vector<double> result;
if (f.size()==0) return result;
result.push_back(f.cuts[0]);
Point prev_pt = f.segs[0].at1();
//double old_t = f.cuts[0];
for(unsigned i=1; i<f.size(); i++){
if ( f.segs[i].at0()!=prev_pt){
result.push_back(f.cuts[i]);
//old_t = f.cuts[i];
//assert(f.segs[i-1].at1()==f.valueAt(old_t));
}
prev_pt = f.segs[i].at1();
}
result.push_back(f.cuts.back());
//assert(f.segs.back().at1()==f.valueAt(old_t));
return result;
}
class LevelsCrossings: public std::vector<LevelCrossings>{
public:
LevelsCrossings():std::vector<LevelCrossings>(){};
LevelsCrossings(std::vector<std::vector<double> > const &times,
Piecewise<D2<SBasis> > const &f,
Piecewise<SBasis> const &dx){
for (unsigned i=0; i<times.size(); i++){
LevelCrossings lcs;
for (unsigned j=0; j<times[i].size(); j++){
LevelCrossing lc;
lc.pt = f.valueAt(times[i][j]);
lc.t = times[i][j];
lc.sign = ( dx.valueAt(times[i][j])>0 );
lc.used = false;
lcs.push_back(lc);
}
std::sort(lcs.begin(), lcs.end(), LevelCrossingOrder());
push_back(lcs);
}
//Now create time ordering.
std::vector<LevelCrossingInfo>temp;
for (unsigned i=0; i<size(); i++){
for (unsigned j=0; j<(*this)[i].size(); j++){
LevelCrossingInfo elem;
elem.t = (*this)[i][j].t;
elem.level = i;
elem.idx = j;
temp.push_back(elem);
}
}
std::sort(temp.begin(),temp.end(),LevelCrossingInfoOrder());
std::vector<double> jumps = discontinuities(f);
unsigned jump_idx = 0;
unsigned first_in_comp = 0;
for (unsigned i=0; i<temp.size(); i++){
unsigned lvl = temp[i].level, idx = temp[i].idx;
if ( i == temp.size()-1 || temp[i+1].t > jumps[jump_idx+1]){
std::pair<unsigned,unsigned>next_data(temp[first_in_comp].level,temp[first_in_comp].idx);
(*this)[lvl][idx].next_on_curve = next_data;
first_in_comp = i+1;
jump_idx += 1;
}else{
std::pair<unsigned,unsigned> next_data(temp[i+1].level,temp[i+1].idx);
(*this)[lvl][idx].next_on_curve = next_data;
}
}
for (unsigned i=0; i<size(); i++){
for (unsigned j=0; j<(*this)[i].size(); j++){
std::pair<unsigned,unsigned> next = (*this)[i][j].next_on_curve;
(*this)[next.first][next.second].prev_on_curve = std::pair<unsigned,unsigned>(i,j);
}
}
}
void findFirstUnused(unsigned &level, unsigned &idx){
level = size();
idx = 0;
for (unsigned i=0; i<size(); i++){
for (unsigned j=0; j<(*this)[i].size(); j++){
if (!(*this)[i][j].used){
level = i;
idx = j;
return;
}
}
}
}
//set indexes to point to the next point in the "snake walk"
//follow_level's meaning:
// 0=yes upward
// 1=no, last move was upward,
// 2=yes downward
// 3=no, last move was downward.
void step(unsigned &level, unsigned &idx, int &direction){
if ( direction % 2 == 0 ){
if (direction == 0) {
if ( idx >= (*this)[level].size()-1 || (*this)[level][idx+1].used ) {
level = size();
return;
}
idx += 1;
}else{
if ( idx <= 0 || (*this)[level][idx-1].used ) {
level = size();
return;
}
idx -= 1;
}
direction += 1;
return;
}
//double t = (*this)[level][idx].t;
double sign = ((*this)[level][idx].sign ? 1 : -1);
//---double next_t = t;
//level += 1;
direction = (direction + 1)%4;
if (level == size()){
return;
}
std::pair<unsigned,unsigned> next;
if ( sign > 0 ){
next = (*this)[level][idx].next_on_curve;
}else{
next = (*this)[level][idx].prev_on_curve;
}
if ( level+1 != next.first || (*this)[next.first][next.second].used ) {
level = size();
return;
}
level = next.first;
idx = next.second;
return;
}
};
//-------------------------------------------------------
// Bend a path...
//-------------------------------------------------------
static Piecewise<D2<SBasis> > bend(Piecewise<D2<SBasis> > const &f, Piecewise<SBasis> bending){
D2<Piecewise<SBasis> > ff = make_cuts_independent(f);
ff[X] += compose(bending, ff[Y]);
return sectionize(ff);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------
// The RoughHatches lpe.
//--------------------------------------------------------
LPERoughHatches::LPERoughHatches(LivePathEffectObject *lpeobject) :
Effect(lpeobject),
hatch_dist(0),
dist_rdm(_("Frequency randomness:"), _("Variation of distance between hatches, in %."), "dist_rdm", &wr, this, 75),
growth(_("Growth:"), _("Growth of distance between hatches."), "growth", &wr, this, 0.),
//FIXME: top/bottom names are inverted in the UI/svg and in the code!!
scale_tf(_("Half-turns smoothness: 1st side, in:"), _("Set smoothness/sharpness of path when reaching a 'bottom' half-turn. 0=sharp, 1=default"), "scale_bf", &wr, this, 1.),
scale_tb(_("1st side, out:"), _("Set smoothness/sharpness of path when leaving a 'bottom' half-turn. 0=sharp, 1=default"), "scale_bb", &wr, this, 1.),
scale_bf(_("2nd side, in:"), _("Set smoothness/sharpness of path when reaching a 'top' half-turn. 0=sharp, 1=default"), "scale_tf", &wr, this, 1.),
scale_bb(_("2nd side, out:"), _("Set smoothness/sharpness of path when leaving a 'top' half-turn. 0=sharp, 1=default"), "scale_tb", &wr, this, 1.),
top_edge_variation(_("Magnitude jitter: 1st side:"), _("Randomly moves 'bottom' half-turns to produce magnitude variations."), "bottom_edge_variation", &wr, this, 0),
bot_edge_variation(_("2nd side:"), _("Randomly moves 'top' half-turns to produce magnitude variations."), "top_edge_variation", &wr, this, 0),
top_tgt_variation(_("Parallelism jitter: 1st side:"), _("Add direction randomness by moving 'bottom' half-turns tangentially to the boundary."), "bottom_tgt_variation", &wr, this, 0),
bot_tgt_variation(_("2nd side:"), _("Add direction randomness by randomly moving 'top' half-turns tangentially to the boundary."), "top_tgt_variation", &wr, this, 0),
top_smth_variation(_("Variance: 1st side:"), _("Randomness of 'bottom' half-turns smoothness"), "top_smth_variation", &wr, this, 0),
bot_smth_variation(_("2nd side:"), _("Randomness of 'top' half-turns smoothness"), "bottom_smth_variation", &wr, this, 0),
//
fat_output(_("Generate thick/thin path"), _("Simulate a stroke of varying width"), "fat_output", &wr, this, true),
do_bend(_("Bend hatches"), _("Add a global bend to the hatches (slower)"), "do_bend", &wr, this, true),
stroke_width_top(_("Thickness: at 1st side:"), _("Width at 'bottom' half-turns"), "stroke_width_top", &wr, this, 1.),
stroke_width_bot(_("At 2nd side:"), _("Width at 'top' half-turns"), "stroke_width_bottom", &wr, this, 1.),
//
front_thickness(_("From 2nd to 1st side:"), _("Width from 'top' to 'bottom'"), "front_thickness", &wr, this, 1.),
back_thickness(_("From 1st to 2nd side:"), _("Width from 'bottom' to 'top'"), "back_thickness", &wr, this, .25),
direction(_("Hatches width and dir"), _("Defines hatches frequency and direction"), "direction", &wr, this, Geom::Point(50,0)),
//
bender(_("Global bending"), _("Relative position to a reference point defines global bending direction and amount"), "bender", &wr, this, Geom::Point(-5,0))
{
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&direction) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&dist_rdm) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&growth) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&do_bend) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&bender) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&top_edge_variation) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&bot_edge_variation) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&top_tgt_variation) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&bot_tgt_variation) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&scale_tf) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&scale_tb) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&scale_bf) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&scale_bb) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&top_smth_variation) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&bot_smth_variation) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&fat_output) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&stroke_width_top) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&stroke_width_bot) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&front_thickness) );
registerParameter( dynamic_cast<Parameter *>(&back_thickness) );
//hatch_dist.param_set_range(0.1, Geom::infinity());
growth.param_set_range(0, Geom::infinity());
dist_rdm.param_set_range(0, 99.);
stroke_width_top.param_set_range(0, Geom::infinity());
stroke_width_bot.param_set_range(0, Geom::infinity());
front_thickness.param_set_range(0, Geom::infinity());
back_thickness.param_set_range(0, Geom::infinity());
// hide the widgets for direction and bender vectorparams
direction.widget_is_visible = false;
bender.widget_is_visible = false;
// give distinguishing colors to direction and bender on-canvas params
direction.set_oncanvas_color(0x00ff7d00);
bender.set_oncanvas_color(0xffffb500);
concatenate_before_pwd2 = false;
show_orig_path = true;
}
LPERoughHatches::~LPERoughHatches()
{
}
Geom::Piecewise<Geom::D2<Geom::SBasis> >
LPERoughHatches::doEffect_pwd2 (Geom::Piecewise<Geom::D2<Geom::SBasis> > const & pwd2_in){
//std::cout<<"doEffect_pwd2:\n";
Piecewise<D2<SBasis> > result;
Piecewise<D2<SBasis> > transformed_pwd2_in = pwd2_in;
Point start = pwd2_in.segs.front().at0();
Point end = pwd2_in.segs.back().at1();
if (end != start ){
transformed_pwd2_in.push_cut( transformed_pwd2_in.cuts.back() + 1 );
D2<SBasis> stitch( SBasis( 1, Linear(end[X],start[X]) ), SBasis( 1, Linear(end[Y],start[Y]) ) );
transformed_pwd2_in.push_seg( stitch );
}
Point transformed_org = direction.getOrigin();
Piecewise<SBasis> tilter;//used to bend the hatches
Affine bend_mat;//used to bend the hatches
if (do_bend.get_value()){
Point bend_dir = -rot90(unit_vector(bender.getVector()));
double bend_amount = L2(bender.getVector());
bend_mat = Affine(-bend_dir[Y], bend_dir[X], bend_dir[X], bend_dir[Y],0,0);
transformed_pwd2_in = transformed_pwd2_in * bend_mat;
tilter = Piecewise<SBasis>(shift(Linear(-bend_amount),1));
OptRect bbox = bounds_exact( transformed_pwd2_in );
if (!(bbox)) return pwd2_in;
tilter.setDomain((*bbox)[Y]);
transformed_pwd2_in = bend(transformed_pwd2_in, tilter);
transformed_pwd2_in = transformed_pwd2_in * bend_mat.inverse();
}
hatch_dist = Geom::L2(direction.getVector())/5;
Point hatches_dir = rot90(unit_vector(direction.getVector()));
Affine mat(-hatches_dir[Y], hatches_dir[X], hatches_dir[X], hatches_dir[Y],0,0);
transformed_pwd2_in = transformed_pwd2_in * mat;
transformed_org *= mat;
std::vector<std::vector<Point> > snakePoints;
snakePoints = linearSnake(transformed_pwd2_in, transformed_org);
if (!snakePoints.empty()){
Piecewise<D2<SBasis> >smthSnake = smoothSnake(snakePoints);
smthSnake = smthSnake*mat.inverse();
if (do_bend.get_value()){
smthSnake = smthSnake*bend_mat;
smthSnake = bend(smthSnake, -tilter);
smthSnake = smthSnake*bend_mat.inverse();
}
return (smthSnake);
}
return pwd2_in;
}
//------------------------------------------------
// Generate the levels with random, growth...
//------------------------------------------------
std::vector<double>
LPERoughHatches::generateLevels(Interval const &domain, double x_org){
std::vector<double> result;
int n = int((domain.min()-x_org)/hatch_dist);
double x = x_org + n * hatch_dist;
//double x = domain.min() + double(hatch_dist)/2.;
double step = double(hatch_dist);
double scale = 1+(hatch_dist*growth/domain.extent());
while (x < domain.max()){
result.push_back(x);
double rdm = 1;
if (dist_rdm.get_value() != 0)
rdm = 1.+ double((2*dist_rdm - dist_rdm.get_value()))/100.;
x+= step*rdm;
step*=scale;//(1.+double(growth));
}
return result;
}
//-------------------------------------------------------
// Walk through the intersections to create linear hatches
//-------------------------------------------------------
std::vector<std::vector<Point> >
LPERoughHatches::linearSnake(Piecewise<D2<SBasis> > const &f, Point const &org){
//std::cout<<"linearSnake:\n";
std::vector<std::vector<Point> > result;
Piecewise<SBasis> x = make_cuts_independent(f)[X];
//Remark: derivative is computed twice in the 2 lines below!!
Piecewise<SBasis> dx = derivative(x);
OptInterval range = bounds_exact(x);
if (!range) return result;
std::vector<double> levels = generateLevels(*range, org[X]);
std::vector<std::vector<double> > times;
times = multi_roots(x,levels);
//TODO: fix multi_roots!!!*****************************************
//remove doubles :-(
std::vector<std::vector<double> > cleaned_times(levels.size(),std::vector<double>());
for (unsigned i=0; i<times.size(); i++){
if ( times[i].size()>0 ){
double last_t = times[i][0]-1;//ugly hack!!
for (unsigned j=0; j<times[i].size(); j++){
if (times[i][j]-last_t >0.000001){
last_t = times[i][j];
cleaned_times[i].push_back(last_t);
}
}
}
}
times = cleaned_times;
//*******************************************************************
LevelsCrossings lscs(times,f,dx);
unsigned i,j;
lscs.findFirstUnused(i,j);
std::vector<Point> result_component;
int n = int((range->min()-org[X])/hatch_dist);
while ( i < lscs.size() ){
int dir = 0;
//switch orientation of first segment according to starting point.
if ((static_cast<long long>(i) % 2 == n % 2) && ((j + 1) < lscs[i].size()) && !lscs[i][j].used){
j += 1;
dir = 2;
}
while ( i < lscs.size() ){
result_component.push_back(lscs[i][j].pt);
lscs[i][j].used = true;
lscs.step(i,j, dir);
}
result.push_back(result_component);
result_component = std::vector<Point>();
lscs.findFirstUnused(i,j);
}
return result;
}
//-------------------------------------------------------
// Smooth the linear hatches according to params...
//-------------------------------------------------------
Piecewise<D2<SBasis> >
LPERoughHatches::smoothSnake(std::vector<std::vector<Point> > const &linearSnake){
Piecewise<D2<SBasis> > result;
for (unsigned comp=0; comp<linearSnake.size(); comp++){
if (linearSnake[comp].size()>=2){
Point last_pt = linearSnake[comp][0];
//Point last_top = linearSnake[comp][0];
//Point last_bot = linearSnake[comp][0];
Point last_hdle = linearSnake[comp][0];
Point last_top_hdle = linearSnake[comp][0];
Point last_bot_hdle = linearSnake[comp][0];
Geom::Path res_comp(last_pt);
Geom::Path res_comp_top(last_pt);
Geom::Path res_comp_bot(last_pt);
unsigned i=1;
//bool is_top = true;//Inversion here; due to downward y?
bool is_top = ( linearSnake[comp][0][Y] < linearSnake[comp][1][Y] );
while( i+1<linearSnake[comp].size() ){
Point pt0 = linearSnake[comp][i];
Point pt1 = linearSnake[comp][i+1];
Point new_pt = (pt0+pt1)/2;
double scale_in = (is_top ? scale_tf : scale_bf );
double scale_out = (is_top ? scale_tb : scale_bb );
if (is_top){
if (top_edge_variation.get_value() != 0)
new_pt[Y] += double(top_edge_variation)-top_edge_variation.get_value()/2.;
if (top_tgt_variation.get_value() != 0)
new_pt[X] += double(top_tgt_variation)-top_tgt_variation.get_value()/2.;
if (top_smth_variation.get_value() != 0) {
scale_in*=(100.-double(top_smth_variation))/100.;
scale_out*=(100.-double(top_smth_variation))/100.;
}
}else{
if (bot_edge_variation.get_value() != 0)
new_pt[Y] += double(bot_edge_variation)-bot_edge_variation.get_value()/2.;
if (bot_tgt_variation.get_value() != 0)
new_pt[X] += double(bot_tgt_variation)-bot_tgt_variation.get_value()/2.;
if (bot_smth_variation.get_value() != 0) {
scale_in*=(100.-double(bot_smth_variation))/100.;
scale_out*=(100.-double(bot_smth_variation))/100.;
}
}
Point new_hdle_in = new_pt + (pt0-pt1) * (scale_in /2.);
Point new_hdle_out = new_pt - (pt0-pt1) * (scale_out/2.);
if ( fat_output.get_value() ){
//double scaled_width = double((is_top ? stroke_width_top : stroke_width_bot))/(pt1[X]-pt0[X]);
//double scaled_width = 1./(pt1[X]-pt0[X]);
//Point hdle_offset = (pt1-pt0)*scaled_width;
Point inside = new_pt;
Point inside_hdle_in;
Point inside_hdle_out;
inside[Y]+= double((is_top ? -stroke_width_top : stroke_width_bot));
inside_hdle_in = inside + (new_hdle_in -new_pt);// + hdle_offset * double((is_top ? front_thickness : back_thickness));
inside_hdle_out = inside + (new_hdle_out-new_pt);// - hdle_offset * double((is_top ? back_thickness : front_thickness));
inside_hdle_in += (pt1-pt0)/2*( double((is_top ? front_thickness : back_thickness)) / (pt1[X]-pt0[X]) );
inside_hdle_out -= (pt1-pt0)/2*( double((is_top ? back_thickness : front_thickness)) / (pt1[X]-pt0[X]) );
new_hdle_in -= (pt1-pt0)/2*( double((is_top ? front_thickness : back_thickness)) / (pt1[X]-pt0[X]) );
new_hdle_out += (pt1-pt0)/2*( double((is_top ? back_thickness : front_thickness)) / (pt1[X]-pt0[X]) );
//TODO: find a good way to handle limit cases (small smthness, large stroke).
//if (inside_hdle_in[X] > inside[X]) inside_hdle_in = inside;
//if (inside_hdle_out[X] < inside[X]) inside_hdle_out = inside;
if (is_top){
res_comp_top.appendNew<CubicBezier>(last_top_hdle,new_hdle_in,new_pt);
res_comp_bot.appendNew<CubicBezier>(last_bot_hdle,inside_hdle_in,inside);
last_top_hdle = new_hdle_out;
last_bot_hdle = inside_hdle_out;
}else{
res_comp_top.appendNew<CubicBezier>(last_top_hdle,inside_hdle_in,inside);
res_comp_bot.appendNew<CubicBezier>(last_bot_hdle,new_hdle_in,new_pt);
last_top_hdle = inside_hdle_out;
last_bot_hdle = new_hdle_out;
}
}else{
res_comp.appendNew<CubicBezier>(last_hdle,new_hdle_in,new_pt);
}
last_hdle = new_hdle_out;
i+=2;
is_top = !is_top;
}
if ( i<linearSnake[comp].size() ){
if ( fat_output.get_value() ){
res_comp_top.appendNew<CubicBezier>(last_top_hdle,linearSnake[comp][i],linearSnake[comp][i]);
res_comp_bot.appendNew<CubicBezier>(last_bot_hdle,linearSnake[comp][i],linearSnake[comp][i]);
}else{
res_comp.appendNew<CubicBezier>(last_hdle,linearSnake[comp][i],linearSnake[comp][i]);
}
}
if ( fat_output.get_value() ){
res_comp = res_comp_bot;
res_comp.setStitching(true);
res_comp.append(res_comp_top.reversed());
}
result.concat(res_comp.toPwSb());
}
}
return result;
}
void
LPERoughHatches::doBeforeEffect (SPLPEItem const*/*lpeitem*/)
{
using namespace Geom;
top_edge_variation.resetRandomizer();
bot_edge_variation.resetRandomizer();
top_tgt_variation.resetRandomizer();
bot_tgt_variation.resetRandomizer();
top_smth_variation.resetRandomizer();
bot_smth_variation.resetRandomizer();
dist_rdm.resetRandomizer();
//original_bbox(lpeitem);
}
void
LPERoughHatches::resetDefaults(SPItem const* item)
{
Effect::resetDefaults(item);
Geom::OptRect bbox = item->geometricBounds();
Geom::Point origin(0.,0.);
Geom::Point vector(50.,0.);
if (bbox) {
origin = bbox->midpoint();
vector = Geom::Point((*bbox)[X].extent()/4, 0.);
top_edge_variation.param_set_value( (*bbox)[Y].extent()/10, 0 );
bot_edge_variation.param_set_value( (*bbox)[Y].extent()/10, 0 );
top_edge_variation.write_to_SVG();
bot_edge_variation.write_to_SVG();
}
//direction.set_and_write_new_values(origin, vector);
//bender.param_set_and_write_new_value( origin + Geom::Point(5,0) );
direction.set_and_write_new_values(origin + Geom::Point(0,-5), vector);
bender.set_and_write_new_values( origin, Geom::Point(5,0) );
hatch_dist = Geom::L2(vector)/2;
}
} //namespace LivePathEffect
} /* namespace Inkscape */
/*
Local Variables:
mode:c++
c-file-style:"stroustrup"
c-file-offsets:((innamespace . 0)(inline-open . 0)(case-label . +))
indent-tabs-mode:nil
fill-column:99
End:
*/
// vim: filetype=cpp:expandtab:shiftwidth=4:tabstop=8:softtabstop=4 :