ufs/newfs/newfs.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */

/*
 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1990, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/buf.h>
#include <sys/fs/ufs_fs.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/fs/ufs_inode.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <libintl.h>
#include <sys/dkio.h>
#include <sys/vtoc.h>
#include <sys/mkdev.h>
#include <sys/efi_partition.h>

#include <fslib.h>

static unsigned int number(char *, char *, int, int);
static int64_t number64(char *, char *, int, int64_t);
static diskaddr_t getdiskbydev(char *);
static int  yes(void);
static int  notrand(char *);
static void usage();
static diskaddr_t get_device_size(int, char *);
static diskaddr_t brute_force_get_device_size(int);
static int validate_size(char *disk, diskaddr_t size);
static void exenv(void);
static struct fs *read_sb(char *);
/*PRINTFLIKE1*/
static void fatal(char *fmt, ...);

#define EPATH "PATH=/usr/sbin:/sbin:"
#define CPATH "/sbin"                   /* an EPATH element */
#define MB (1024 * 1024)
#define GBSEC ((1024 * 1024 * 1024) / DEV_BSIZE)    /* sectors in a GB */
#define MINFREESEC ((64 * 1024 * 1024) / DEV_BSIZE) /* sectors in 64 MB */
#define MINCPG (16) /* traditional */
#define MAXDEFDENSITY (8 * 1024)    /* arbitrary */
#define MINDENSITY (2 * 1024)   /* traditional */
#define MIN_MTB_DENSITY (1024 * 1024)
#define POWEROF2(num)   (((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
#define SECTORS_PER_TERABYTE    (1LL << 31)
/*
 * The following constant specifies an upper limit for file system size
 * that is actually a lot bigger than we expect to support with UFS. (Since
 * it's specified in sectors, the file system size would be 2**44 * 512,
 * which is 2**53, which is 8192 Terabytes.)  However, it's useful
 * for checking the basic sanity of a size value that is input on the
 * command line.
 */
#define FS_SIZE_UPPER_LIMIT 0x100000000000LL

/* For use with number() */
#define NR_NONE     0
#define NR_PERCENT  0x01

/*
 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
 *  MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
 *  DEV_BSIZE <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
 *  DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
 */
#define DESBLKSIZE  8192
#define DESFRAGSIZE 1024

#ifdef DEBUG
#define dprintf(x)  printf x
#else
#define dprintf(x)
#endif

static int  Nflag;      /* run mkfs without writing file system */
static int  Tflag;      /* set up file system for growth to over 1 TB */
static int  verbose;    /* show mkfs line before exec */
static int  fsize = 0;      /* fragment size */
static int  fsize_flag = 0; /* fragment size was specified on cmd line */
static int  bsize;      /* block size */
static int  ntracks;    /* # tracks/cylinder */
static int  ntracks_set = 0; /* true if the user specified ntracks */
static int  optim = FS_OPTTIME; /* optimization, t(ime) or s(pace) */
static int  nsectors;   /* # sectors/track */
static int  cpg;        /* cylinders/cylinder group */
static int  cpg_set = 0;    /* true if the user specified cpg */
static int  minfree = -1;   /* free space threshold */
static int  rpm;        /* revolutions/minute of drive */
static int  rpm_set = 0;    /* true if the user specified rpm */
static int  nrpos = 8;  /* # of distinguished rotational positions */
                /* 8 is the historical default */
static int  nrpos_set = 0;  /* true if the user specified nrpos */
static int  density = 0;    /* number of bytes per inode */
static int  apc;        /* alternates per cylinder */
static int  apc_set = 0;    /* true if the user specified apc */
static int  rot = -1;   /* rotational delay (msecs) */
static int  rot_set = 0;    /* true if the user specified rot */
static int  maxcontig = -1; /* maximum number of contig blocks */
static int  text_sb = 0;    /* no disk changes; just final sb text dump */
static int  binary_sb = 0;  /* no disk changes; just final sb binary dump */
static int  label_type; /* see types below */

/*
 * The variable use_efi_dflts is an indicator of whether to use EFI logic
 * or the geometry logic in laying out the filesystem. This is decided
 * based on the size/type of the disk and is used only for non-EFI labeled
 * disks and removable media.
 */
static int  use_efi_dflts = 0;
static int  isremovable = 0;
static int  ishotpluggable = 0;

static char device[MAXPATHLEN];
static char cmd[BUFSIZ];

extern  char    *getfullrawname(); /* from libadm */

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char *special, *name;
    struct stat64 st;
    int status;
    int option;
    struct fs *sbp; /* Pointer to superblock (if present) */
    diskaddr_t actual_fssize;
    diskaddr_t max_possible_fssize;
    diskaddr_t req_fssize = 0;
    diskaddr_t fssize = 0;
    char    *req_fssize_str = NULL; /* requested size argument */

    (void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

#if !defined(TEXT_DOMAIN)
#define TEXT_DOMAIN "SYS_TEST"
#endif
    (void) textdomain(TEXT_DOMAIN);

    opterr = 0; /* We print our own errors, disable getopt's message */
    while ((option = getopt(argc, argv,
        "vNBSs:C:d:t:o:a:b:f:c:m:n:r:i:T")) != EOF) {
        switch (option) {
        case 'S':
            text_sb++;
            break;
        case 'B':
            binary_sb++;
            break;
        case 'v':
            verbose++;
            break;

        case 'N':
            Nflag++;
            break;

        case 's':
            /*
             * The maximum file system size is a lot smaller
             * than FS_SIZE_UPPER_LIMIT, but until we find out
             * the device size and block size, we don't know
             * what it is.  So save the requested size in a
             * string so that we can print it out later if we
             * determine it's too big.
             */
            req_fssize = number64("fssize", optarg, NR_NONE,
                FS_SIZE_UPPER_LIMIT);
            if (req_fssize < 1024)
                fatal(gettext(
                    "%s: fssize must be at least 1024"),
                    optarg);
            req_fssize_str = strdup(optarg);
            if (req_fssize_str == NULL)
                fatal(gettext(
                    "Insufficient memory for string copy."));
            break;

        case 'C':
            maxcontig = number("maxcontig", optarg, NR_NONE, -1);
            if (maxcontig < 0)
                fatal(gettext("%s: bad maxcontig"), optarg);
            break;

        case 'd':
            rot = number("rotdelay", optarg, NR_NONE, 0);
            rot_set = 1;
            if (rot < 0 || rot > 1000)
                fatal(gettext(
                    "%s: bad rotational delay"), optarg);
            break;

        case 't':
            ntracks = number("ntrack", optarg, NR_NONE, 16);
            ntracks_set = 1;
            if ((ntracks < 0) ||
                (ntracks > INT_MAX))
                fatal(gettext("%s: bad total tracks"), optarg);
            break;

        case 'o':
            if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
                optim = FS_OPTSPACE;
            else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
                optim = FS_OPTTIME;
            else
                fatal(gettext(
"%s: bad optimization preference (options are `space' or `time')"), optarg);
            break;

        case 'a':
            apc = number("apc", optarg, NR_NONE, 0);
            apc_set = 1;
            if (apc < 0 || apc > 32768) /* see mkfs.c */
                fatal(gettext(
                    "%s: bad alternates per cyl"), optarg);
            break;

        case 'b':
            bsize = number("bsize", optarg, NR_NONE, DESBLKSIZE);
            if (bsize < MINBSIZE || bsize > MAXBSIZE)
                fatal(gettext(
                    "%s: bad block size"), optarg);
            break;

        case 'f':
            fsize = number("fragsize", optarg, NR_NONE,
                DESFRAGSIZE);
            fsize_flag++;
            /* xxx ought to test against bsize for upper limit */
            if (fsize < DEV_BSIZE)
                fatal(gettext("%s: bad frag size"), optarg);
            break;

        case 'c':
            cpg = number("cpg", optarg, NR_NONE, 16);
            cpg_set = 1;
            if (cpg < 1)
                fatal(gettext("%s: bad cylinders/group"),
                    optarg);
            break;

        case 'm':
            minfree = number("minfree", optarg, NR_PERCENT, 10);
            if (minfree < 0 || minfree > 99)
                fatal(gettext("%s: bad free space %%"), optarg);
            break;

        case 'n':
            nrpos = number("nrpos", optarg, NR_NONE, 8);
            nrpos_set = 1;
            if (nrpos <= 0)
                fatal(gettext(
                    "%s: bad number of rotational positions"),
                    optarg);
            break;

        case 'r':
            rpm = number("rpm", optarg, NR_NONE, 3600);
            rpm_set = 1;
            if (rpm < 0)
                fatal(gettext("%s: bad revs/minute"), optarg);
            break;

        case 'i':
            /* xxx ought to test against fsize */
            density = number("nbpi", optarg, NR_NONE, 2048);
            if (density < DEV_BSIZE)
                fatal(gettext("%s: bad bytes per inode"),
                    optarg);
            break;

        case 'T':
            Tflag++;
            break;

        default:
            usage();
            fatal(gettext("-%c: unknown flag"), optopt);
        }
    }

    /* At this point, there should only be one argument left:   */
    /* The raw-special-device itself. If not, print usage message.  */
    if ((argc - optind) != 1) {
        usage();
        exit(1);
    }

    name = argv[optind];

    special = getfullrawname(name);
    if (special == NULL) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("newfs: malloc failed\n"));
        exit(1);
    }

    if (*special == '\0') {
        if (strchr(name, '/') != NULL) {
            if (stat64(name, &st) < 0) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                    gettext("newfs: %s: %s\n"),
                    name, strerror(errno));
                exit(2);
            }
            fatal(gettext("%s: not a raw disk device"), name);
        }
        (void) snprintf(device, sizeof (device), "/dev/rdsk/%s", name);
        if ((special = getfullrawname(device)) == NULL) {
            (void) fprintf(stderr,
                gettext("newfs: malloc failed\n"));
            exit(1);
        }

        if (*special == '\0') {
            (void) snprintf(device, sizeof (device), "/dev/%s",
                name);
            if ((special = getfullrawname(device)) == NULL) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                    gettext("newfs: malloc failed\n"));
                exit(1);
            }
            if (*special == '\0')
                fatal(gettext(
                    "%s: not a raw disk device"), name);
        }
    }

    /*
     * getdiskbydev() determines the characteristics of the special
     * device on which the file system will be built.  In the case
     * of devices with SMI labels (that is, non-EFI labels), the
     * following characteristics are set (if they were not already
     * set on the command line, since the command line settings
     * take precedence):
     *
     *  nsectors - sectors per track
     *  ntracks - tracks per cylinder
     *  rpm - disk revolutions per minute
     *
     *  apc is NOT set
     *
     * getdiskbydev() also sets the following quantities for all
     * devices, if not already set:
     *
     *  bsize - file system block size
     *  maxcontig
     *  label_type (efi, vtoc, or other)
     *
     * getdiskbydev() returns the actual size of the device, in
     * sectors.
     */

    actual_fssize = getdiskbydev(special);

    if (req_fssize == 0) {
        fssize = actual_fssize;
    } else {
        /*
         * If the user specified a size larger than what we've
         * determined as the actual size of the device, see if the
         * size specified by the user can be read.  If so, use it,
         * since some devices and volume managers may not support
         * the vtoc and EFI interfaces we use to determine device
         * size.
         */
        if (req_fssize > actual_fssize &&
            validate_size(special, req_fssize)) {
            (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"Warning: the requested size of this file system\n"
"(%lld sectors) is greater than the size of the\n"
"device reported by the driver (%lld sectors).\n"
"However, a read of the device at the requested size\n"
"does succeed, so the requested size will be used.\n"),
                req_fssize, actual_fssize);
            fssize = req_fssize;
        } else {
            fssize = MIN(req_fssize, actual_fssize);
        }
    }

    if (label_type == LABEL_TYPE_VTOC) {
        if (nsectors < 0)
            fatal(gettext("%s: no default #sectors/track"),
                special);
        if (!use_efi_dflts) {
            if (ntracks < 0)
                fatal(gettext("%s: no default #tracks"),
                    special);
        }
        if (rpm < 0)
            fatal(gettext(
                "%s: no default revolutions/minute value"),
                special);
        if (rpm < 60) {
            (void) fprintf(stderr,
                gettext("Warning: setting rpm to 60\n"));
            rpm = 60;
        }
    }
    if (label_type == LABEL_TYPE_EFI || label_type == LABEL_TYPE_OTHER) {
        if (ntracks_set)
            (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"Warning: ntracks is obsolete for this device and will be ignored.\n"));
        if (cpg_set)
            (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"Warning: cylinders/group is obsolete for this device and will be ignored.\n"));
        if (rpm_set)
            (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"Warning: rpm is obsolete for this device and will be ignored.\n"));
        if (rot_set)
            (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"Warning: rotational delay is obsolete for this device and"
" will be ignored.\n"));
        if (nrpos_set)
            (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"Warning: number of rotational positions is obsolete for this device and\n"
"will be ignored.\n"));
        if (apc_set)
            (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"Warning: number of alternate sectors per cylinder is obsolete for this\n"
"device and will be ignored.\n"));

        /*
         * We need these for the call to mkfs, even though they are
         * meaningless.
         */
        rpm = 60;
        nrpos = 1;
        apc = 0;
        rot = -1;

        /*
         * These values are set to produce a file system with
         * a cylinder group size of 48MB.   For disks with
         * non-EFI labels, most geometries result in cylinder
         * groups of around 40 - 50 MB, so we arbitrarily choose
         * 48MB for disks with EFI labels.  mkfs will reduce
         * cylinders per group even further if necessary.
         */

        cpg = 16;
        nsectors = 128;
        ntracks = 48;

        /*
         * mkfs produces peculiar results for file systems
         * that are smaller than one cylinder so don't allow
         * them to be created (this check is only made for
         * disks with EFI labels.  Eventually, it should probably
         * be enforced for all disks.)
         */

        if (fssize < nsectors * ntracks) {
            fatal(gettext(
                "file system size must be at least %d sectors"),
                nsectors * ntracks);
        }
    }

    if (fssize > INT_MAX)
        Tflag = 1;

    /*
     * If the user requested that the file system be set up for
     * eventual growth to over a terabyte, or if it's already greater
     * than a terabyte, set the inode density (nbpi) to MIN_MTB_DENSITY
     * (unless the user has specified a larger nbpi), set the frag size
     * equal to the block size, and set the cylinders-per-group value
     * passed to mkfs to -1, which tells mkfs to make cylinder groups
     * as large as possible.
     */
    if (Tflag) {
        if (density < MIN_MTB_DENSITY)
            density = MIN_MTB_DENSITY;
        fsize = bsize;
        cpg = -1;   /* says make cyl groups as big as possible */
    } else {
        if (fsize == 0)
            fsize = DESFRAGSIZE;
    }

    if (!POWEROF2(fsize)) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
            "newfs: fragment size must a power of 2, not %d\n"), fsize);
        fsize = bsize/8;
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
            "newfs: fragsize reset to %ld\n"), fsize);
    }

    /*
     * The file system is limited in size by the fragment size.
     * The number of fragments in the file system must fit into
     * a signed 32-bit quantity, so the number of sectors in the
     * file system is INT_MAX * the number of sectors in a frag.
     */

    max_possible_fssize = ((uint64_t)fsize)/DEV_BSIZE * INT_MAX;
    if (fssize > max_possible_fssize)
        fssize = max_possible_fssize;

    /*
     * Now fssize is the final size of the file system (in sectors).
     * If it's less than what the user requested, print a message.
     */
    if (fssize < req_fssize) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
            "newfs: requested size of %s disk blocks is too large.\n"),
            req_fssize_str);
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
            "newfs: Resetting size to %lld\n"), fssize);
    }

    /*
     * fssize now equals the size (in sectors) of the file system
     * that will be created.
     */

    /* XXX - following defaults are both here and in mkfs */
    if (density <= 0) {
        if (fssize < GBSEC)
            density = MINDENSITY;
        else
            density = (int)((((longlong_t)fssize + (GBSEC - 1)) /
                GBSEC) * MINDENSITY);
        if (density <= 0)
            density = MINDENSITY;
        if (density > MAXDEFDENSITY)
            density = MAXDEFDENSITY;
    }
    if (cpg == 0) {
        /*
         * maxcpg calculation adapted from mkfs
         * In the case of disks with EFI labels, cpg has
         * already been set, so we won't enter this code.
         */
        long maxcpg, maxipg;

        maxipg = roundup(bsize * NBBY / 3,
            bsize / sizeof (struct inode));
        maxcpg = (bsize - sizeof (struct cg) - howmany(maxipg, NBBY)) /
            (sizeof (long) + nrpos * sizeof (short) +
            nsectors / (MAXFRAG * NBBY));
        cpg = (fssize / GBSEC) * 32;
        if (cpg > maxcpg)
            cpg = maxcpg;
        if (cpg <= 0)
            cpg = MINCPG;
    }
    if (minfree < 0) {
        minfree = (int)(((float)MINFREESEC / fssize) * 100);
        if (minfree > 10)
            minfree = 10;
        if (minfree <= 0)
            minfree = 1;
    }
#ifdef i386 /* Bug 1170182 */
    if (ntracks > 32 && (ntracks % 16) != 0) {
        ntracks -= (ntracks % 16);
    }
#endif
    /*
     * Confirmation
     */
    if (isatty(fileno(stdin)) && !Nflag) {
        /*
         * If we can read a valid superblock, report the mount
         * point on which this filesystem was last mounted.
         */
        if (((sbp = read_sb(special)) != 0) &&
            (*sbp->fs_fsmnt != '\0')) {
            (void) printf(gettext(
                "newfs: %s last mounted as %s\n"),
                special, sbp->fs_fsmnt);
        }
        (void) printf(gettext(
            "newfs: construct a new file system %s: (y/n)? "),
            special);
        (void) fflush(stdout);
        if (!yes())
            exit(0);
    }

    dprintf(("DeBuG newfs : nsect=%d ntrak=%d cpg=%d\n",
        nsectors, ntracks, cpg));
    /*
     * If alternates-per-cylinder is ever implemented:
     * need to get apc from dp->d_apc if no -a switch???
     */
    (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd), "mkfs -F ufs "
        "%s%s%s%s %lld %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %s %d %d %d %d %s",
        Nflag ? "-o N " : "", binary_sb ? "-o calcbinsb " : "",
        text_sb ? "-o calcsb " : "", special,
        fssize, nsectors, ntracks, bsize, fsize, cpg, minfree, rpm/60,
        density, optim == FS_OPTSPACE ? "s" : "t", apc, rot, nrpos,
        maxcontig, Tflag ? "y" : "n");
    if (verbose) {
        (void) printf("%s\n", cmd);
        (void) fflush(stdout);
    }
    exenv();
    if (status = system(cmd))
        exit(status >> 8);
    if (Nflag)
        exit(0);
    (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd), "/usr/sbin/fsirand %s", special);
    if (notrand(special) && (status = system(cmd)) != 0)
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
            gettext("%s: failed, status = %d\n"),
            cmd, status);
    return (0);
}

static void
exenv(void)
{
    char *epath;                /* executable file path */
    char *cpath;                /* current path */

    if ((cpath = getenv("PATH")) == NULL) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("newfs: no PATH in env\n"));
        /*
         * Background: the Bourne shell interpolates "." into
         * the path where said path starts with a colon, ends
         * with a colon, or has two adjacent colons.  Thus,
         * the path ":/sbin::/usr/sbin:" is equivalent to
         * ".:/sbin:.:/usr/sbin:.".  Now, we have no cpath,
         * and epath ends in a colon (to make for easy
         * catenation in the normal case).  By the above, if
         * we use "", then "." becomes part of path.  That's
         * bad, so use CPATH (which is just a duplicate of some
         * element in EPATH).  No point in opening ourselves
         * up to a Trojan horse attack when we don't have to....
         */
        cpath = CPATH;
    }
    if ((epath = malloc(strlen(EPATH) + strlen(cpath) + 1)) == NULL) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("newfs: malloc failed\n"));
        exit(1);
    }
    (void) strcpy(epath, EPATH);
    (void) strcat(epath, cpath);
    if (putenv(epath) < 0) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("newfs: putenv failed\n"));
        exit(1);
    }
}

static int
yes(void)
{
    int i, b;

    i = b = getchar();
    while (b != '\n' && b != '\0' && b != EOF)
        b = getchar();
    return (i == 'y');
}

/*
 * xxx Caller must run fmt through gettext(3) for us, if we ever
 * xxx go the i18n route....
 */
static void
fatal(char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list pvar;

    (void) fprintf(stderr, "newfs: ");
    va_start(pvar, fmt);
    (void) vfprintf(stderr, fmt, pvar);
    va_end(pvar);
    (void) putc('\n', stderr);
    exit(10);
}

static diskaddr_t
getdiskbydev(char *disk)
{
    struct dk_geom g;
    struct dk_cinfo ci;
    struct dk_minfo info;
    diskaddr_t actual_size;
    int fd;

    if ((fd = open64(disk, 0)) < 0) {
        perror(disk);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * get_device_size() determines the actual size of the
     * device, and also the disk's attributes, such as geometry.
     */
    actual_size = get_device_size(fd, disk);

    if (label_type == LABEL_TYPE_VTOC) {

        /*
         * Geometry information does not make sense for removable or
         * hotpluggable media anyway, so indicate mkfs to use EFI
         * default parameters.
         */
        if (ioctl(fd, DKIOCREMOVABLE, &isremovable)) {
            dprintf(("DeBuG newfs : Unable to determine if %s is"
                " Removable Media. Proceeding with system"
                " determined parameters.\n", disk));
            isremovable = 0;
        }

        /* If removable check if a floppy disk */
        if (isremovable) {
            if (ioctl(fd, DKIOCGMEDIAINFO, &info)) {
                dprintf(("DeBuG newfs : Unable to get media"
                    " info from %s.\n", disk));
            } else {
                if (info.dki_media_type == DK_FLOPPY) {
                    isremovable = 0;
                }
            }
        }

        if (ioctl(fd, DKIOCHOTPLUGGABLE, &ishotpluggable)) {
            dprintf(("DeBuG newfs : Unable to determine if %s is"
                " Hotpluggable Media. Proceeding with system"
                " determined parameters.\n", disk));
            ishotpluggable = 0;
        }

        if ((isremovable || ishotpluggable) && !Tflag)
            use_efi_dflts = 1;

        if (ioctl(fd, DKIOCGGEOM, &g))
            fatal(gettext(
                "%s: Unable to read Disk geometry"), disk);
        if ((((diskaddr_t)g.dkg_ncyl * g.dkg_nhead *
            g.dkg_nsect) > CHSLIMIT) && !Tflag) {
            use_efi_dflts = 1;
        }
        dprintf(("DeBuG newfs : geom=%llu, CHSLIMIT=%d "
            "isremovable = %d ishotpluggable = %d use_efi_dflts = %d\n",
            (diskaddr_t)g.dkg_ncyl * g.dkg_nhead * g.dkg_nsect,
            CHSLIMIT, isremovable, ishotpluggable, use_efi_dflts));
        /*
         * The ntracks that is passed to mkfs is decided here based
         * on 'use_efi_dflts' and whether ntracks was specified as a
         * command line parameter to newfs.
         * If ntracks of -1 is passed to mkfs, mkfs uses DEF_TRACKS_EFI
         * and DEF_SECTORS_EFI for ntracks and nsectors respectively.
         */
        if (nsectors == 0)
            nsectors = g.dkg_nsect;
        if (ntracks == 0)
            ntracks = use_efi_dflts ? -1 : g.dkg_nhead;
        if (rpm == 0)
            rpm = ((int)g.dkg_rpm <= 0) ? 3600: g.dkg_rpm;
    }

    if (bsize == 0)
        bsize = DESBLKSIZE;
    /*
     * Adjust maxcontig by the device's maxtransfer. If maxtransfer
     * information is not available, default to the min of a MB and
     * maxphys.
     */
    if (maxcontig == -1 && ioctl(fd, DKIOCINFO, &ci) == 0) {
        maxcontig = ci.dki_maxtransfer * DEV_BSIZE;
        if (maxcontig < 0) {
            int error, gotit, maxphys;
            gotit = fsgetmaxphys(&maxphys, &error);

            /*
             * If we cannot get the maxphys value, default
             * to ufs_maxmaxphys (MB).
             */
            if (gotit) {
                maxcontig = MIN(maxphys, MB);
            } else {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"Warning: Could not get system value for maxphys. The value for maxcontig\n"
"will default to 1MB.\n"));
            maxcontig = MB;
            }
        }
        maxcontig /= bsize;
    }
    (void) close(fd);
    return (actual_size);
}

/*
 * Figure out how big the partition we're dealing with is.
 */
static diskaddr_t
get_device_size(int fd, char *name)
{
    struct extvtoc vtoc;
    dk_gpt_t *efi_vtoc;
    diskaddr_t  slicesize;

    int index = read_extvtoc(fd, &vtoc);

    if (index >= 0) {
        label_type = LABEL_TYPE_VTOC;
    } else {
        if (index == VT_ENOTSUP || index == VT_ERROR) {
            /* it might be an EFI label */
            index = efi_alloc_and_read(fd, &efi_vtoc);
            if (index >= 0)
                label_type = LABEL_TYPE_EFI;
        }
    }

    if (index < 0) {
        /*
         * Since both attempts to read the label failed, we're
         * going to fall back to a brute force approach to
         * determining the device's size:  see how far out we can
         * perform reads on the device.
         */

        slicesize = brute_force_get_device_size(fd);
        if (slicesize == 0) {
            switch (index) {
            case VT_ERROR:
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
                    "newfs: %s: %s\n"), name, strerror(errno));
                exit(10);
                /*NOTREACHED*/
            case VT_EIO:
                fatal(gettext(
                    "%s: I/O error accessing VTOC"), name);
                /*NOTREACHED*/
            case VT_EINVAL:
                fatal(gettext(
                    "%s: Invalid field in VTOC"), name);
                /*NOTREACHED*/
            default:
                fatal(gettext(
                    "%s: unknown error accessing VTOC"),
                    name);
                /*NOTREACHED*/
            }
        } else {
            label_type = LABEL_TYPE_OTHER;
        }
    }

    if (label_type == LABEL_TYPE_EFI) {
        slicesize = efi_vtoc->efi_parts[index].p_size;
        efi_free(efi_vtoc);
    } else if (label_type == LABEL_TYPE_VTOC) {
        slicesize = vtoc.v_part[index].p_size;
    }

    return (slicesize);
}

/*
 * brute_force_get_device_size
 *
 * Determine the size of the device by seeing how far we can
 * read.  Doing an llseek( , , SEEK_END) would probably work
 * in most cases, but we've seen at least one third-party driver
 * which doesn't correctly support the SEEK_END option when the
 * the device is greater than a terabyte.
 */

static diskaddr_t
brute_force_get_device_size(int fd)
{
    diskaddr_t  min_fail = 0;
    diskaddr_t  max_succeed = 0;
    diskaddr_t  cur_db_off;
    char        buf[DEV_BSIZE];

    /*
     * First, see if we can read the device at all, just to
     * eliminate errors that have nothing to do with the
     * device's size.
     */

    if (((llseek(fd, (offset_t)0, SEEK_SET)) == -1) ||
        ((read(fd, buf, DEV_BSIZE)) == -1))
        return (0);  /* can't determine size */

    /*
     * Now, go sequentially through the multiples of 4TB
     * to find the first read that fails (this isn't strictly
     * the most efficient way to find the actual size if the
     * size really could be anything between 0 and 2**64 bytes.
     * We expect the sizes to be less than 16 TB for some time,
     * so why do a bunch of reads that are larger than that?
     * However, this algorithm *will* work for sizes of greater
     * than 16 TB.  We're just not optimizing for those sizes.)
     */

    for (cur_db_off = SECTORS_PER_TERABYTE * 4;
        min_fail == 0 && cur_db_off < FS_SIZE_UPPER_LIMIT;
        cur_db_off += 4 * SECTORS_PER_TERABYTE) {
        if (((llseek(fd, (offset_t)(cur_db_off * DEV_BSIZE),
            SEEK_SET)) == -1) ||
            ((read(fd, buf, DEV_BSIZE)) != DEV_BSIZE))
            min_fail = cur_db_off;
        else
            max_succeed = cur_db_off;
    }

    if (min_fail == 0)
        return (0);

    /*
     * We now know that the size of the device is less than
     * min_fail and greater than or equal to max_succeed.  Now
     * keep splitting the difference until the actual size in
     * sectors in known.  We also know that the difference
     * between max_succeed and min_fail at this time is
     * 4 * SECTORS_PER_TERABYTE, which is a power of two, which
     * simplifies the math below.
     */

    while (min_fail - max_succeed > 1) {
        cur_db_off = max_succeed + (min_fail - max_succeed)/2;
        if (((llseek(fd, (offset_t)(cur_db_off * DEV_BSIZE),
            SEEK_SET)) == -1) ||
            ((read(fd, buf, DEV_BSIZE)) != DEV_BSIZE))
            min_fail = cur_db_off;
        else
            max_succeed = cur_db_off;
    }

    /* the size is the last successfully read sector offset plus one */
    return (max_succeed + 1);
}

/*
 * validate_size
 *
 * Return 1 if the device appears to be at least "size" sectors long.
 * Return 0 if it's shorter or we can't read it.
 */

static int
validate_size(char *disk, diskaddr_t size)
{
    char        buf[DEV_BSIZE];
    int fd, rc;

    if ((fd = open64(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
        perror(disk);
        exit(1);
    }

    if ((llseek(fd, (offset_t)((size - 1) * DEV_BSIZE), SEEK_SET) == -1) ||
        (read(fd, buf, DEV_BSIZE)) != DEV_BSIZE)
        rc = 0;
    else
        rc = 1;
    (void) close(fd);
    return (rc);
}

/*
 * read_sb(char * rawdev) - Attempt to read the superblock from a raw device
 *
 * Returns:
 *  0 :
 *      Could not read a valid superblock for a variety of reasons.
 *      Since 'newfs' handles any fatal conditions, we're not going
 *      to make any guesses as to why this is failing or what should
 *      be done about it.
 *
 *  struct fs *:
 *      A pointer to (what we think is) a valid superblock. The
 *      space for the superblock is static (inside the function)
 *      since we will only be reading the values from it.
 */

struct fs *
read_sb(char *fsdev)
{
    static struct fs    sblock;
    struct stat64       statb;
    int         dskfd;
    char            *bufp = NULL;
    int         bufsz = 0;

    if (stat64(fsdev, &statb) < 0)
        return (0);

    if ((dskfd = open64(fsdev, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
        return (0);

    /*
     * We need a buffer whose size is a multiple of DEV_BSIZE in order
     * to read from a raw device (which we were probably passed).
     */
    bufsz = ((sizeof (sblock) / DEV_BSIZE) + 1) * DEV_BSIZE;
    if ((bufp = malloc(bufsz)) == NULL) {
        (void) close(dskfd);
        return (0);
    }

    if (llseek(dskfd, (offset_t)SBOFF, SEEK_SET) < 0 ||
        read(dskfd, bufp, bufsz) < 0) {
        (void) close(dskfd);
        free(bufp);
        return (0);
    }
    (void) close(dskfd);    /* Done with the file */

    (void) memcpy(&sblock, bufp, sizeof (sblock));
    free(bufp); /* Don't need this anymore */

    if (((sblock.fs_magic != FS_MAGIC) &&
        (sblock.fs_magic != MTB_UFS_MAGIC)) ||
        sblock.fs_ncg < 1 || sblock.fs_cpg < 1)
        return (0);

    if (sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_cpg < sblock.fs_ncyl ||
        (sblock.fs_ncg - 1) * sblock.fs_cpg >= sblock.fs_ncyl)
        return (0);

    if (sblock.fs_sbsize < 0 || sblock.fs_sbsize > SBSIZE)
        return (0);

    return (&sblock);
}

/*
 * Read the UFS file system on the raw device SPECIAL.  If it does not
 * appear to be a UFS file system, return non-zero, indicating that
 * fsirand should be called (and it will spit out an error message).
 * If it is a UFS file system, take a look at the inodes in the first
 * cylinder group.  If they appear to be randomized (non-zero), return
 * zero, which will cause fsirand to not be called.  If the inode generation
 * counts are all zero, then we must call fsirand, so return non-zero.
 */

#define RANDOMIZED  0
#define NOT_RANDOMIZED  1

static int
notrand(char *special)
{
    long fsbuf[SBSIZE / sizeof (long)];
    struct dinode dibuf[MAXBSIZE/sizeof (struct dinode)];
    struct fs *fs;
    struct dinode *dip;
    offset_t seekaddr;
    int bno, inum;
    int fd;

    fs = (struct fs *)fsbuf;
    if ((fd = open64(special, 0)) == -1)
        return (NOT_RANDOMIZED);
    if (llseek(fd, (offset_t)SBLOCK * DEV_BSIZE, 0) == -1 ||
        read(fd, (char *)fs, SBSIZE) != SBSIZE ||
        ((fs->fs_magic != FS_MAGIC) && (fs->fs_magic != MTB_UFS_MAGIC))) {
        (void) close(fd);
        return (NOT_RANDOMIZED);
    }

    /* looks like a UFS file system; read the first cylinder group */
    bsize = INOPB(fs) * sizeof (struct dinode);
    inum = 0;
    while (inum < fs->fs_ipg) {
        bno = itod(fs, inum);
        seekaddr = (offset_t)fsbtodb(fs, bno) * DEV_BSIZE;
        if (llseek(fd, seekaddr, 0) == -1 ||
            read(fd, (char *)dibuf, bsize) != bsize) {
            (void) close(fd);
            return (NOT_RANDOMIZED);
        }
        for (dip = dibuf; dip < &dibuf[INOPB(fs)]; dip++) {
            if (dip->di_gen != 0) {
                (void) close(fd);
                return (RANDOMIZED);
            }
            inum++;
        }
    }
    (void) close(fd);
    return (NOT_RANDOMIZED);
}

static void
usage(void)
{
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
        "usage: newfs [ -v ] [ mkfs-options ] raw-special-device\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("where mkfs-options are:\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
        "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"\t-T configure file system for eventual growth to over a terabyte\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-b block size\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-f frag size\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-c cylinders/group\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-m minimum free space %%\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
        "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-r revolutions/minute\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
        "\t-a number of alternates per cylinder\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-C maxcontig\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\t-d rotational delay\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
        "\t-n number of rotational positions\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"\t-S print a textual version of the calculated superblock to stdout\n"));
    (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
"\t-B dump a binary version of the calculated superblock to stdout\n"));
}

/*
 * Error-detecting version of atoi(3).  Adapted from mkfs' number().
 */
static unsigned int
number(char *param, char *value, int flags, int def_value)
{
    char *cs;
    int n;
    int cut = INT_MAX / 10;    /* limit to avoid overflow */
    int minus = 0;

    cs = value;
    if (*cs == '-') {
        minus = 1;
        cs += 1;
    }
    if ((*cs < '0') || (*cs > '9')) {
        goto bail_out;
    }
    n = 0;
    while ((*cs >= '0') && (*cs <= '9') && (n <= cut)) {
        n = n*10 + *cs++ - '0';
    }
    if (minus)
        n = -n;
    for (;;) {
        switch (*cs++) {
        case '\0':
            return (n);

        case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
        case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
            (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
                "newfs: value for %s overflowed, using %d\n"),
                param, def_value);
            return (def_value);

        case '%':
            if (flags & NR_PERCENT)
                break;
            /* FALLTHROUGH */

        default:
bail_out:
            fatal(gettext("bad numeric arg for %s: \"%s\""),
                param, value);

        }
    }
    /* NOTREACHED */
}

/*
 * Error-detecting version of atoi(3).  Adapted from mkfs' number().
 */
static int64_t
number64(char *param, char *value, int flags, int64_t def_value)
{
    char *cs;
    int64_t n;
    int64_t cut = FS_SIZE_UPPER_LIMIT/ 10;    /* limit to avoid overflow */
    int minus = 0;

    cs = value;
    if (*cs == '-') {
        minus = 1;
        cs += 1;
    }
    if ((*cs < '0') || (*cs > '9')) {
        goto bail_out;
    }
    n = 0;
    while ((*cs >= '0') && (*cs <= '9') && (n <= cut)) {
        n = n*10 + *cs++ - '0';
    }
    if (minus)
        n = -n;
    for (;;) {
        switch (*cs++) {
        case '\0':
            return (n);

        case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
        case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
            (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
                "newfs: value for %s overflowed, using %d\n"),
                param, def_value);
            return (def_value);

        case '%':
            if (flags & NR_PERCENT)
                break;
            /* FALLTHROUGH */

        default:
bail_out:
            fatal(gettext("bad numeric arg for %s: \"%s\""),
                param, value);

        }
    }
    /* NOTREACHED */
}