ksh93/sh/array.c

/***********************************************************************
*                                                                      *
*               This software is part of the ast package               *
*          Copyright (c) 1982-2012 AT&T Intellectual Property          *
*                      and is licensed under the                       *
*                 Eclipse Public License, Version 1.0                  *
*                    by AT&T Intellectual Property                     *
*                                                                      *
*                A copy of the License is available at                 *
*          http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/epl-v10.html           *
*         (with md5 checksum b35adb5213ca9657e911e9befb180842)         *
*                                                                      *
*              Information and Software Systems Research               *
*                            AT&T Research                             *
*                           Florham Park NJ                            *
*                                                                      *
*                  David Korn <dgk@research.att.com>                   *
*                                                                      *
***********************************************************************/
#pragma prototyped
/*
 * Array processing routines
 *
 *   David Korn
 *   AT&T Labs
 *   dgk@research.att.com
 *
 */

#include    "defs.h"
#include    <stak.h>
#include    "name.h"

#define NUMSIZE 11
#define is_associative(ap)  array_assoc((Namarr_t*)(ap))
#define array_setbit(cp, n, b)  (cp[n] |= (b))
#define array_clrbit(cp, n, b)  (cp[n] &= ~(b))
#define array_isbit(cp, n, b)   (cp[n] & (b))
#define NV_CHILD        NV_EXPORT
#define ARRAY_CHILD     1
#define ARRAY_NOFREE        2

struct index_array
{
        Namarr_t        header;
    void        *xp;    /* if set, subscripts will be converted */
        int     cur;    /* index of current element */
        int     maxi;   /* maximum index for array */
    unsigned char   *bits;  /* bit array for child subscripts */
        union Value val[1]; /* array of value holders */
};

struct assoc_array
{
    Namarr_t    header;
    Namval_t    *pos;
    Namval_t    *nextpos;
    Namval_t    *cur;
};

#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
   struct fixed_array
   {
    unsigned char   ndim;
    unsigned char   dim;
    unsigned char   level;
    unsigned char   ptr;
    short       size;
    int     nelem;
    int     curi;
    int     *max;
    int     *incr;
    int     *cur;
    char        *data;
   };
#  define array_fixed_data(ap)  ((ap)?((struct fixed_array*)((ap)->fixed))->data:0)
   static void array_fixed_setdata(Namval_t*,Namarr_t*,struct fixed_array*);
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */

static Namarr_t *array_scope(Namval_t *np, Namarr_t *ap, int flags)
{
    Namarr_t *aq;
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    struct fixed_array *fp;
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    struct index_array *ar;
    size_t size = ap->hdr.dsize;
    if(size==0)
        size = ap->hdr.disc->dsize;
        if(!(aq=newof(NIL(Namarr_t*),Namarr_t,1,size-sizeof(Namarr_t))))
                return(0);
        memcpy(aq,ap,size);
    aq->hdr.nofree &= ~1;
        aq->hdr.nofree |= (flags&NV_RDONLY)?1:0;
    if(is_associative(aq))
    {
        aq->scope = (void*)dtopen(&_Nvdisc,Dtoset);
        dtview((Dt_t*)aq->scope,aq->table);
        aq->table = (Dt_t*)aq->scope;
        return(aq);
    }
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    else if(fp = (struct fixed_array*)ap->fixed)
    {
        aq->scope = (void*)ap;
        fp = (struct fixed_array*)(aq+1);
        aq->fixed = (void*)fp;
        fp->max = (int*)(fp+1);
        fp->incr = fp->max+fp->ndim;
        fp->cur = fp->incr+fp->ndim;
        return(aq);
    }
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    aq->scope = (void*)ap;
    ar = (struct index_array*)aq;
    memset(ar->val, 0, ar->maxi*sizeof(char*));
    ar->bits =  (unsigned char*)&ar->val[ar->maxi];
    return(aq);
}

static int array_unscope(Namval_t *np,Namarr_t *ap)
{
    Namfun_t *fp;
    if(!ap->scope)
        return(0);
    if(is_associative(ap))
        (*ap->fun)(np, NIL(char*), NV_AFREE);
    if((fp = nv_disc(np,(Namfun_t*)ap,NV_POP)) && !(fp->nofree&1))
        free((void*)fp);
    nv_delete(np,(Dt_t*)0,0);
    return(1);
}

static void array_syncsub(Namarr_t *ap, Namarr_t *aq)
{
    ((struct index_array*)ap)->cur = ((struct index_array*)aq)->cur;
}

static int array_covered(Namval_t *np, struct index_array *ap)
{
    struct index_array *aq = (struct index_array*)ap->header.scope;
    if(!ap->header.fun && aq)
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
        return (ap->header.fixed || ((ap->cur<aq->maxi) && aq->val[ap->cur].cp));
#else
        return ((ap->cur<aq->maxi) && aq->val[ap->cur].cp);
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    return(0);
}

/*
 * replace discipline with new one
 */
static void array_setptr(register Namval_t *np, struct index_array *old, struct index_array *new)
{
    register Namfun_t **fp = &np->nvfun;
    while(*fp && *fp!= &old->header.hdr)
        fp = &((*fp)->next);
    if(*fp)
    {
        new->header.hdr.next = (*fp)->next;
        *fp = &new->header.hdr;
    }
    else sfprintf(sfstderr,"discipline not replaced\n");
}

/*
 *   Calculate the amount of space to be allocated to hold an
 *   indexed array into which <maxi> is a legal index.  The number of
 *   elements that will actually fit into the array (> <maxi>
 *   but <= ARRAY_MAX) is returned.
 *
 */
static int  arsize(struct index_array *ap, register int maxi)
{
    if(ap && maxi < 2*ap->maxi)
        maxi = 2*ap->maxi;
    maxi = roundof(maxi,ARRAY_INCR);
    return (maxi>ARRAY_MAX?ARRAY_MAX:maxi);
}

static struct index_array *array_grow(Namval_t*, struct index_array*,int);

/* return index of highest element of an array */
int array_maxindex(Namval_t *np)
{
    register struct index_array *ap = (struct index_array*)nv_arrayptr(np);
    register int i = ap->maxi;
    if(is_associative(ap))
        return(-1);
    while(i>0 && ap->val[--i].cp==0);
    return(i+1);
}

static union Value *array_getup(Namval_t *np, Namarr_t *arp, int update)
{
    register struct index_array *ap = (struct index_array*)arp;
    register union Value *up;
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    struct fixed_array *fp;
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    int nofree=0;
    if(!arp)
        return(&np->nvalue);
    if(is_associative(ap))
    {
        Namval_t    *mp;
        mp = (Namval_t*)((*arp->fun)(np,NIL(char*),NV_ACURRENT));
        if(mp)
        {
            nofree = nv_isattr(mp,NV_NOFREE);
            up = &mp->nvalue;
        }
        else
            return((union Value*)((*arp->fun)(np,NIL(char*),0)));
    }
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    else if(fp = (struct fixed_array*)arp->fixed)
    {
        if(!fp->data)
            array_fixed_setdata(np,arp,fp);
        up = &np->nvalue;
        if(fp->ptr)
            up->cp =  *(((char**)fp->data)+fp->curi);
        else
            up->cp = fp->data+fp->size*fp->curi;
        }
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    else
    {
        if(ap->cur >= ap->maxi)
            errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_subscript,nv_name(np));
        up = &(ap->val[ap->cur]);
        nofree = array_isbit(ap->bits,ap->cur,ARRAY_NOFREE);
    }
    if(update)
    {
        if(nofree)
            nv_onattr(np,NV_NOFREE);
        else
            nv_offattr(np,NV_NOFREE);
    }
    return(up);
}

int nv_arrayisset(Namval_t *np, Namarr_t *arp)
{
    register struct index_array *ap = (struct index_array*)arp;
    union Value *up;
    if(is_associative(ap))
        return((np = nv_opensub(np)) && !nv_isnull(np));
    if(ap->cur >= ap->maxi)
        return(0);
    up = &(ap->val[ap->cur]);
    if(up->cp==Empty)
    {
        Namfun_t *fp = &arp->hdr;
        for(fp=fp->next; fp; fp = fp->next)
        {
            if(fp->disc && (fp->disc->getnum || fp->disc->getval))
                return(1);
        }
    }
    return(up->cp && up->cp!=Empty);
}

/*
 * Get the Value pointer for an array.
 * Delete space as necessary if flag is ARRAY_DELETE
 * After the lookup is done the last @ or * subscript is incremented
 */
static Namval_t *array_find(Namval_t *np,Namarr_t *arp, int flag)
{
    register struct index_array *ap = (struct index_array*)arp;
    register union Value    *up;
    Namval_t        *mp;
    int         wasundef;
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    struct fixed_array  *fp=(struct fixed_array*)(arp->fixed);
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    if(flag&ARRAY_LOOKUP)
        ap->header.nelem &= ~ARRAY_NOSCOPE;
    else
        ap->header.nelem |= ARRAY_NOSCOPE;
    if(wasundef = ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_UNDEF)
    {
        ap->header.nelem &= ~ARRAY_UNDEF;
        /* delete array is the same as delete array[@] */
        if(flag&ARRAY_DELETE)
        {
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
            nv_putsub(np, NIL(char*), ARRAY_SCAN|ARRAY_NOSCOPE|(ap->header.fixed?(ARRAY_UNDEF|ARRAY_FIXED):0));
#else
            nv_putsub(np, NIL(char*), ARRAY_SCAN|ARRAY_NOSCOPE);
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
            ap->header.nelem |= ARRAY_SCAN;
        }
        else /* same as array[0] */
        {
            if(is_associative(ap))
                (*ap->header.fun)(np,"0",flag==ARRAY_ASSIGN?NV_AADD:0);
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
            else if(fp)
            {
                int n=fp->ndim;
                fp->curi = 0;
                while(--n>=0)
                    fp->cur[n] = 0;
            }
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
            else
                ap->cur = 0;
        }
    }
    if(is_associative(ap))
    {
        mp = (Namval_t*)((*arp->fun)(np,NIL(char*),NV_ACURRENT));
        if(!mp)
            up = (union Value*)&mp;
        else if(nv_isarray(mp))
        {
            if(wasundef)
                nv_putsub(mp,NIL(char*),ARRAY_UNDEF);
            return(mp);
        }
        else
        {
            up =  &mp->nvalue;
            if(nv_isvtree(mp))
            {
                if(!up->cp && flag==ARRAY_ASSIGN)
                {
                    nv_arraychild(np,mp,0);
                    ap->header.nelem++;
                }
                return(mp);
            }
        }
    }
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    else if(fp)
    {
        char    *data = array_fixed_data((Namarr_t*)ap->header.scope);
        if(flag==ARRAY_ASSIGN && data==fp->data)
        {
            if(data)
            {
                fp->data = (char*)malloc(fp->nelem*fp->size);
                memcpy(fp->data,data,fp->nelem*fp->size);
            }
            else
                array_fixed_setdata(np,&ap->header,fp);
        }
        if(fp->ptr)
        {
            if(!fp->data)
                array_fixed_setdata(np,&ap->header,fp);
            np->nvalue.cp =  *(((char**)fp->data)+fp->curi);
        }
        else
            np->nvalue.cp =  fp->data+fp->size*fp->curi;
        return(np);
    }
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    else
    {
        if(!(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_SCAN) && ap->cur >= ap->maxi)
            ap = array_grow(np, ap, (int)ap->cur);
        if(ap->cur>=ap->maxi)
            errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_subscript,nv_name(np));
        up = &(ap->val[ap->cur]);
        if((!up->cp||up->cp==Empty) && nv_type(np) && nv_isvtree(np))
        {
            char *cp;
            if(!ap->header.table)
                ap->header.table = dtopen(&_Nvdisc,Dtoset);
            sfprintf(sh.strbuf,"%d",ap->cur);
            cp = sfstruse(sh.strbuf);
            mp = nv_search(cp, ap->header.table, NV_ADD);
            mp->nvenv = (char*)np;
            nv_arraychild(np,mp,0);
        }
        if(up->np && array_isbit(ap->bits,ap->cur,ARRAY_CHILD))
        {
            if(wasundef && nv_isarray(up->np))
                nv_putsub(up->np,NIL(char*),ARRAY_UNDEF);
            return(up->np);
        }
    }
    np->nvalue.cp = up->cp;
    if(!up->cp)
    {
            char *xp = nv_setdisc(np,"get",np,(Namfun_t*)np);
        if(flag!=ARRAY_ASSIGN)
            return(xp && xp!=(char*)np?np:0);
        if(!array_covered(np,ap))
            ap->header.nelem++;
    }
    return(np);
}

#if SHOPT_TYPEDEF
int nv_arraysettype(Namval_t *np, Namval_t *tp, const char *sub, int flags)
{
    Namval_t    *nq;
    char        *av[2];
    int     rdonly = nv_isattr(np,NV_RDONLY);
    int     xtrace = sh_isoption(SH_XTRACE);
    Namarr_t    *ap = nv_arrayptr(np);
    av[1] = 0;
    sh.last_table = 0;
    if(!ap->table)
        ap->table = dtopen(&_Nvdisc,Dtoset);
    if(nq = nv_search(sub, ap->table, NV_ADD))
    {
        if(!nq->nvfun && nq->nvalue.cp && *nq->nvalue.cp==0)
            _nv_unset(nq,NV_RDONLY);
        nv_arraychild(np,nq,0);
        if(!nv_isattr(tp,NV_BINARY))
        {
            sfprintf(sh.strbuf,"%s=%s",nv_name(nq),nv_getval(np));
            av[0] = strdup(sfstruse(sh.strbuf));
        }
        if(!nv_clone(tp,nq,flags|NV_NOFREE))
            return(0);
        ap->nelem |= ARRAY_SCAN;
        if(!rdonly)
            nv_offattr(nq,NV_RDONLY);
        if(!nv_isattr(tp,NV_BINARY))
        {
            if(xtrace)
                sh_offoption(SH_XTRACE);
            ap->nelem &= ~ARRAY_SCAN;
            sh_eval(sh_sfeval(av),0);
            ap->nelem |= ARRAY_SCAN;
            free((void*)av[0]);
            if(xtrace)
                sh_onoption(SH_XTRACE);
        }
        return(1);
    }
    return(0);
}
#endif /* SHOPT_TYPEDEF */


static Namfun_t *array_clone(Namval_t *np, Namval_t *mp, int flags, Namfun_t *fp)
{
    Namarr_t        *ap = (Namarr_t*)fp;
    Namval_t        *nq, *mq;
    char            *name, *sub=0;
    int         nelem, skipped=0;
    Dt_t            *otable=ap->table;
    struct index_array  *aq = (struct index_array*)ap, *ar;
    Shell_t         *shp = sh_getinterp();
    if(flags&NV_MOVE)
    {
        if((flags&NV_COMVAR) && nv_putsub(np,NIL(char*),ARRAY_SCAN))
        {
            do
            {
                if(nq=nv_opensub(np))
                    nq->nvenv = (void*)mp;
            }
            while(nv_nextsub(np));
        }
        return(fp);
    }
    nelem = ap->nelem;
    if(nelem&ARRAY_NOCLONE)
        return(0);
    if((flags&NV_TYPE) && !ap->scope)
    {
        ap = array_scope(np,ap,flags);
        return(&ap->hdr);
    }
    ap = (Namarr_t*)nv_clone_disc(fp,0);
    if(flags&NV_COMVAR)
    {
        ap->scope = 0;
        ap->nelem = 0;
        sh.prev_table = sh.last_table;
        sh.prev_root = sh.last_root;
    }
    if(ap->table)
    {
        ap->table = dtopen(&_Nvdisc,Dtoset);
        if(ap->scope && !(flags&NV_COMVAR))
        {
            ap->scope = ap->table;
            dtview(ap->table, otable->view);
        }
    }
    mp->nvfun = (Namfun_t*)ap;
    mp->nvflag &= NV_MINIMAL;
    mp->nvflag |= (np->nvflag&~(NV_MINIMAL|NV_NOFREE));
    if(!(nelem&(ARRAY_SCAN|ARRAY_UNDEF)) && (sub=nv_getsub(np)))
        sub = strdup(sub);
    ar = (struct index_array*)ap;
    if(!is_associative(ap))
        ar->bits = (unsigned char*)&ar->val[ar->maxi];
    if(!nv_putsub(np,NIL(char*),ARRAY_SCAN|((flags&NV_COMVAR)?0:ARRAY_NOSCOPE)))
    {
        if(ap->fun)
            (*ap->fun)(np,(char*)np,0);
        skipped=1;
        goto skip;
    }
    do
    {
        name = nv_getsub(np);
        nv_putsub(mp,name,ARRAY_ADD|ARRAY_NOSCOPE);
        mq = 0;
        if(nq=nv_opensub(np))
            mq = nv_search(name,ap->table,NV_ADD);
        if(nq && (((flags&NV_COMVAR) && nv_isvtree(nq)) || nv_isarray(nq)))
        {
            mq->nvalue.cp = 0;
            if(!is_associative(ap))
                ar->val[ar->cur].np = mq;
            nv_clone(nq,mq,flags);
        }
        else if(flags&NV_ARRAY)
        {
            if((flags&NV_NOFREE) && !is_associative(ap))
                array_setbit(aq->bits,aq->cur,ARRAY_NOFREE);
            else if(nq && (flags&NV_NOFREE))
            {
                mq->nvalue = nq->nvalue;
                nv_onattr(nq,NV_NOFREE);
            }
        }
        else if(nv_isattr(np,NV_INTEGER))
        {
            Sfdouble_t d= nv_getnum(np);
            if(!is_associative(ap))
                ar->val[ar->cur].cp = 0;
            nv_putval(mp,(char*)&d,NV_LDOUBLE);
        }
        else
        {
            if(!is_associative(ap))
                ar->val[ar->cur].cp = 0;
            nv_putval(mp,nv_getval(np),NV_RDONLY);
        }
        aq->header.nelem |= ARRAY_NOSCOPE;
    }
    while(nv_nextsub(np));
skip:
    if(sub)
    {
        if(!skipped)
            nv_putsub(np,sub,0L);
        free((void*)sub);
    }
    aq->header.nelem = ap->nelem = nelem;
    return(&ap->hdr);
}

static char *array_getval(Namval_t *np, Namfun_t *disc)
{
    register Namarr_t *aq,*ap = (Namarr_t*)disc;
    register Namval_t *mp;
    register char     *cp=0;
    if((mp=array_find(np,ap,ARRAY_LOOKUP))!=np)
    {
        if(!mp && !is_associative(ap) && (aq=(Namarr_t*)ap->scope))
        {
            array_syncsub(aq,ap);
            if((mp=array_find(np,aq,ARRAY_LOOKUP))==np)
                return(nv_getv(np,&aq->hdr));
        }
        if(mp)
        {
            cp = nv_getval(mp);
            nv_offattr(mp,NV_EXPORT);
        }
        return(cp);
    }
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    if(ap->fixed && nv_isattr(np,NV_INT16P) == NV_INT16)
        np->nvalue.s = *np->nvalue.sp;
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    return(nv_getv(np,&ap->hdr));
}

static Sfdouble_t array_getnum(Namval_t *np, Namfun_t *disc)
{
    register Namarr_t *aq,*ap = (Namarr_t*)disc;
    register Namval_t *mp;
    if((mp=array_find(np,ap,ARRAY_LOOKUP))!=np)
    {
        if(!mp && !is_associative(ap) && (aq=(Namarr_t*)ap->scope))
        {
            array_syncsub(aq,ap);
            if((mp=array_find(np,aq,ARRAY_LOOKUP))==np)
                return(nv_getn(np,&aq->hdr));
        }
        return(mp?nv_getnum(mp):0);
    }
    return(nv_getn(np,&ap->hdr));
}

static void array_putval(Namval_t *np, const char *string, int flags, Namfun_t *dp)
{
    register Namarr_t   *ap = (Namarr_t*)dp;
    register union Value    *up;
    register Namval_t   *mp;
    register struct index_array *aq = (struct index_array*)ap;
    int         scan,nofree = nv_isattr(np,NV_NOFREE);
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    struct fixed_array  *fp;
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    do
    {
        int xfree = (ap->fixed||is_associative(ap))?0:array_isbit(aq->bits,aq->cur,ARRAY_NOFREE);
        mp = array_find(np,ap,string?ARRAY_ASSIGN:ARRAY_DELETE);
        scan = ap->nelem&ARRAY_SCAN;
        if(mp && mp!=np)
        {
            if(!is_associative(ap) && string && !(flags&NV_APPEND) && !nv_type(np) && nv_isvtree(mp) && !(ap->nelem&ARRAY_TREE))

            {
                if(!nv_isattr(np,NV_NOFREE))
                    _nv_unset(mp,flags&NV_RDONLY);
                array_clrbit(aq->bits,aq->cur,ARRAY_CHILD);
                aq->val[aq->cur].cp = 0;
                if(!nv_isattr(mp,NV_NOFREE))
                    nv_delete(mp,ap->table,0);
                goto skip;
            }
            if(!xfree)
                nv_putval(mp, string, flags);
            if(string)
            {
#if SHOPT_TYPEDEF
                if(ap->hdr.type && ap->hdr.type!=nv_type(mp))
                    nv_arraysettype(np,ap->hdr.type,nv_getsub(np),0);
#endif /* SHOPT_TYPEDEF */
                continue;
            }
            ap->nelem |= scan;
        }
        if(!string)
        {
            if(mp)
            {
                if(is_associative(ap))
                {
                    (*ap->fun)(np,NIL(char*),NV_ADELETE);
                    np->nvalue.cp = 0;
                }
                else
                {
                    if(mp!=np)
                    {
                        array_clrbit(aq->bits,aq->cur,ARRAY_CHILD);
                        aq->val[aq->cur].cp = 0;
                        if(!xfree)
                            nv_delete(mp,ap->table,0);
                    }
                    if(!array_covered(np,(struct index_array*)ap))
                    {
                        if(array_elem(ap))
                            ap->nelem--;
                    }
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
                    else if(fp=(struct fixed_array*)ap->fixed)
                    {
                        char *data = array_fixed_data((Namarr_t*)ap->scope);
                        int n = fp->size*fp->curi;
                        if(data)
                        {
                            memcpy(fp->data+n,data+n,fp->size);
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
                }
            }
            if(array_elem(ap)==0 && (ap->nelem&ARRAY_SCAN))
            {
                if(is_associative(ap))
                    (*ap->fun)(np, NIL(char*), NV_AFREE);
                else if(ap->table)
                    dtclose(ap->table);
                nv_offattr(np,NV_ARRAY);
            }
            if(!mp || mp!=np || is_associative(ap))
                continue;
        }
    skip:
        /* prevent empty string from being deleted */
        up = array_getup(np,ap,!nofree);
        if(up->cp ==  Empty)
            up->cp = 0;
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
        if(nv_isarray(np) && !ap->fixed)
#else
        if(nv_isarray(np))
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
            np->nvalue.up = up;
        nv_putv(np,string,flags,&ap->hdr);
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
        if(fp = (struct fixed_array*)ap->fixed)
        {
            if(fp->ptr)
            {
                char **cp = (char**)fp->data;
                cp[fp->curi] = (char*)(np->nvalue.cp?np->nvalue.cp:Empty);
            }
        }
        else
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
        if(!is_associative(ap))
        {
            if(string)
                array_clrbit(aq->bits,aq->cur,ARRAY_NOFREE);
            else if(mp==np)
                aq->val[aq->cur].cp = 0;
        }
#if SHOPT_TYPEDEF
        if(string && ap->hdr.type && nv_isvtree(np))
            nv_arraysettype(np,ap->hdr.type,nv_getsub(np),0);
#endif /* SHOPT_TYPEDEF */
    }
    while(!string && nv_nextsub(np));
    if(ap)
        ap->nelem &= ~ARRAY_NOSCOPE;
    if(nofree)
        nv_onattr(np,NV_NOFREE);
    else
        nv_offattr(np,NV_NOFREE);
    if(!string && !nv_isattr(np,NV_ARRAY))
    {
        Namfun_t *nfp;
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
        char    *data = array_fixed_data((Namarr_t*)ap->scope);
        fp = (struct fixed_array*)ap->fixed;
        if(fp && (!ap->scope || data!=fp->data))
        {
            if(fp->ptr)
            {
                int n = fp->nelem;
                char **cp = (char**)fp->data;
                while(n-->0)
                {
                    if(cp && *cp!=Empty)
                        free(*cp);
                    cp++;
                }
            }
            free((void*)fp->data);
            if(data)
                fp->data = data;
        }
        else
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
        if(!is_associative(ap) && aq->xp)
        {
            _nv_unset(nv_namptr(aq->xp,0),NV_RDONLY);
            free((void*)aq->xp);
        }
        if((nfp = nv_disc(np,(Namfun_t*)ap,NV_POP)) && !(nfp->nofree&1))
            free((void*)nfp);
        if(!nv_isnull(np))
        {
            if(!np->nvfun)
                nv_onattr(np,NV_NOFREE);
            _nv_unset(np,flags);
        }
        else
            nv_offattr(np,NV_NOFREE);
        if(np->nvalue.cp==Empty)
            np->nvalue.cp = 0;
    }
    if(!string && (flags&NV_TYPE))
        array_unscope(np,ap);
}

static const Namdisc_t array_disc =
{
    sizeof(Namarr_t),
    array_putval,
    array_getval,
    array_getnum,
    0,
    0,
    array_clone
};

static void array_copytree(Namval_t *np, Namval_t *mp)
{
    Namfun_t    *fp = nv_disc(np,NULL,NV_POP);
    nv_offattr(np,NV_ARRAY);
    nv_clone(np,mp,0);
    if(np->nvalue.cp && !nv_isattr(np,NV_NOFREE))
        free((void*)np->nvalue.cp);
    np->nvalue.cp = 0;
    np->nvalue.up = &mp->nvalue;
    fp->nofree  &= ~1;
    nv_disc(np,(Namfun_t*)fp, NV_FIRST);
    fp->nofree |= 1;
    nv_onattr(np,NV_ARRAY);
    mp->nvenv = (char*)np;
}

/*
 *        Increase the size of the indexed array of elements in <arp>
 *        so that <maxi> is a legal index.  If <arp> is 0, an array
 *        of the required size is allocated.  A pointer to the
 *        allocated Namarr_t structure is returned.
 *        <maxi> becomes the current index of the array.
 */
static struct index_array *array_grow(Namval_t *np, register struct index_array *arp,int maxi)
{
    register struct index_array *ap;
    register int i;
    register int newsize = arsize(arp,maxi+1);
    if (maxi >= ARRAY_MAX)
        errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_subscript, fmtbase((long)maxi,10,0));
    i = (newsize-1)*sizeof(union Value*)+newsize;
    ap = new_of(struct index_array,i);
    memset((void*)ap,0,sizeof(*ap)+i);
    ap->maxi = newsize;
    ap->cur = maxi;
    ap->bits =  (unsigned char*)&ap->val[newsize];
    memset(ap->bits, 0, newsize);
    if(arp)
    {
        ap->header = arp->header;
        ap->header.hdr.dsize = sizeof(*ap) + i;
        for(i=0;i < arp->maxi;i++)
        {
            ap->bits[i] = arp->bits[i];
            ap->val[i].cp = arp->val[i].cp;
        }
        memcpy(ap->bits, arp->bits, arp->maxi);
        array_setptr(np,arp,ap);
        free((void*)arp);
    }
    else
    {
        Namval_t *mp=0;
        ap->header.hdr.dsize = sizeof(*ap) + i;
        i = 0;
        ap->header.fun = 0;
        if((nv_isnull(np)||np->nvalue.cp==Empty) && nv_isattr(np,NV_NOFREE))
        {
            i = ARRAY_TREE;
            nv_offattr(np,NV_NOFREE);
        }
        if(np->nvalue.cp==Empty)
            np->nvalue.cp=0;
        if(nv_hasdisc(np,&array_disc) || (nv_type(np) && nv_isvtree(np)))
        {
            ap->header.table = dtopen(&_Nvdisc,Dtoset);
            mp = nv_search("0", ap->header.table,NV_ADD);
            if(mp && nv_isnull(mp))
            {
                Namfun_t *fp;
                ap->val[0].np = mp;
                array_setbit(ap->bits,0,ARRAY_CHILD);
                for(fp=np->nvfun; fp && !fp->disc->readf; fp=fp->next);
                if(fp && fp->disc && fp->disc->readf)
                    (*fp->disc->readf)(mp,(Sfio_t*)0,0,fp);
                i++;
            }
        }
        else
        if((ap->val[0].cp=np->nvalue.cp))
            i++;
        else if(nv_isattr(np,NV_INTEGER) && !nv_isnull(np))
        {
            Sfdouble_t d= nv_getnum(np);
            i++;
        }
        ap->header.nelem = i;
        ap->header.hdr.disc = &array_disc;
        nv_disc(np,(Namfun_t*)ap, NV_FIRST);
        nv_onattr(np,NV_ARRAY);
        if(mp)
        {
            array_copytree(np,mp);
            ap->header.hdr.nofree &= ~1;
        }
    }
    for(;i < newsize;i++)
        ap->val[i].cp = 0;
    return(ap);
}

int nv_atypeindex(Namval_t *np, const char *tname)
{
    Namval_t    *tp;
    int     offset = staktell();
    size_t      n = strlen(tname)-1;
    sfprintf(stkstd,"%s.%.*s%c",NV_CLASS,n,tname,0);
    tp = nv_open(stakptr(offset), sh.var_tree, NV_NOADD|NV_VARNAME);
    stakseek(offset);
    if(tp)
    {
        struct index_array *ap = (struct index_array*)nv_arrayptr(np);
        if(!nv_hasdisc(tp,&ENUM_disc))
            errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_notenum,tp->nvname);
        if(!ap)
            ap = array_grow(np,ap,1);
        ap->xp = calloc(NV_MINSZ,1);
        np = nv_namptr(ap->xp,0);
        np->nvname = tp->nvname;
        nv_onattr(np,NV_MINIMAL);
        nv_clone(tp,np,NV_NOFREE);
        nv_offattr(np,NV_RDONLY);
        return(1);
    }
    errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_unknowntype, n,tname);
    return(0);
}

Namarr_t *nv_arrayptr(register Namval_t *np)
{
    if(nv_isattr(np,NV_ARRAY))
        return((Namarr_t*)nv_hasdisc(np, &array_disc));
    return(0);
}

/*
 * Verify that argument is an indexed array and convert to associative,
 * freeing relevant storage
 */
static Namarr_t *nv_changearray(Namval_t *np, void *(*fun)(Namval_t*,const char*,int))
{
    register Namarr_t *ap;
    char numbuff[NUMSIZE+1];
    unsigned dot, digit, n;
    union Value *up;
    struct index_array *save_ap;
    register char *string_index=&numbuff[NUMSIZE];
    numbuff[NUMSIZE]='\0';

    if(!fun || !(ap = nv_arrayptr(np)) || is_associative(ap))
        return(NIL(Namarr_t*));

    nv_stack(np,&ap->hdr);
    save_ap = (struct index_array*)nv_stack(np,0);
    ap = (Namarr_t*)((*fun)(np, NIL(char*), NV_AINIT));
    ap->nelem = 0;
    ap->fun = fun;
    nv_onattr(np,NV_ARRAY);

    for(dot = 0; dot < (unsigned)save_ap->maxi; dot++)
    {
        if(save_ap->val[dot].cp)
        {
            if ((digit = dot)== 0)
                *--string_index = '0';
            else while( n = digit )
            {
                digit /= 10;
                *--string_index = '0' + (n-10*digit);
            }
            nv_putsub(np, string_index, ARRAY_ADD);
            up = (union Value*)((*ap->fun)(np,NIL(char*),0));
            up->cp = save_ap->val[dot].cp;
            save_ap->val[dot].cp = 0;
        }
        string_index = &numbuff[NUMSIZE];
    }
    free((void*)save_ap);
    return(ap);
}

/*
 * set the associative array processing method for node <np> to <fun>
 * The array pointer is returned if sucessful.
 */
Namarr_t *nv_setarray(Namval_t *np, void *(*fun)(Namval_t*,const char*,int))
{
    register Namarr_t *ap;
    char        *value=0;
    Namfun_t    *fp;
    int     nelem = 0;
    if(fun && (ap = nv_arrayptr(np)))
    {
        /*
         * if it's already an indexed array, convert to
         * associative structure
         */
        if(!is_associative(ap))
            ap = nv_changearray(np, fun);
        return(ap);
    }
    if(nv_isnull(np) && nv_isattr(np,NV_NOFREE))
    {
        nelem = ARRAY_TREE;
        nv_offattr(np,NV_NOFREE);
    }
    if(!(fp=nv_isvtree(np)))
        value = nv_getval(np);
    if(fun && !ap && (ap = (Namarr_t*)((*fun)(np, NIL(char*), NV_AINIT))))
    {
        /* check for preexisting initialization and save */
        ap->nelem = nelem;
        ap->fun = fun;
        nv_onattr(np,NV_ARRAY);
        if(fp || value)
        {
            nv_putsub(np, "0", ARRAY_ADD);
            if(value)
                nv_putval(np, value, 0);
            else
            {
                Namval_t *mp = (Namval_t*)((*fun)(np,NIL(char*),NV_ACURRENT));
                array_copytree(np,mp);
            }
        }
        return(ap);
    }
    return(NIL(Namarr_t*));
}

/*
 * move parent subscript into child
 */
Namval_t *nv_arraychild(Namval_t *np, Namval_t *nq, int c)
{
    Namfun_t        *fp;
    register Namarr_t   *ap = nv_arrayptr(np);
    union Value     *up;
    Namval_t        *tp;
    if(!nq)
        return(ap?array_find(np,ap, ARRAY_LOOKUP):0);
    if(!ap)
    {
        nv_putsub(np, NIL(char*), ARRAY_FILL);
        ap = nv_arrayptr(np);
    }
    if(!(up = array_getup(np,ap,0)))
        return((Namval_t*)0);
    np->nvalue.cp = up->cp;
    if((tp=nv_type(np)) || c)
    {
        ap->nelem |= ARRAY_NOCLONE;
        nq->nvenv = (char*)np;
        if(c=='t')
            nv_clone(tp,nq, 0);
        else
            nv_clone(np, nq, NV_NODISC);
        nv_offattr(nq,NV_ARRAY);
        ap->nelem &= ~ARRAY_NOCLONE;
    }
    nq->nvenv = (char*)np;
    if((fp=nq->nvfun) && fp->disc && fp->disc->setdisc && (fp = nv_disc(nq,fp,NV_POP)))
        free((void*)fp);
    if(!ap->fun)
    {
        struct index_array *aq = (struct index_array*)ap;
        array_setbit(aq->bits,aq->cur,ARRAY_CHILD);
        if(c=='.' && !nq->nvalue.cp)
            ap->nelem++;
        up->np = nq;
    }
    if(c=='.')
        nv_setvtree(nq);
    return(nq);
}

/*
 * This routine sets subscript of <np> to the next element, if any.
 * The return value is zero, if there are no more elements
 * Otherwise, 1 is returned.
 */
int nv_nextsub(Namval_t *np)
{
    register struct index_array *ap = (struct index_array*)nv_arrayptr(np);
    register unsigned       dot;
    struct index_array      *aq=0, *ar=0;
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    struct fixed_array      *fp;
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    if(!ap || !(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_SCAN))
        return(0);
    if(is_associative(ap))
    {
        if((*ap->header.fun)(np,NIL(char*),NV_ANEXT))
            return(1);
        ap->header.nelem &= ~(ARRAY_SCAN|ARRAY_NOCHILD);
        return(0);
    }
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    else if(fp = (struct fixed_array*)ap->header.fixed)
    {
        if(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_FIXED)
        {
            while(++fp->curi < fp->nelem)
            {
                nv_putsub(np,0,fp->curi|ARRAY_FIXED|ARRAY_SCAN);
                if(fp->ptr && *(((char**)fp->data)+fp->curi))
                return(1);
            }
            ap->header.nelem &= ~ARRAY_FIXED;
            return(0);
        }
        dot = fp->dim;
        if((fp->cur[dot]+1) < fp->max[dot])
        {
            fp->cur[dot]++;
            for(fp->curi=0,dot=0; dot < fp->ndim; dot++)
                fp->curi +=  fp->incr[dot]*fp->cur[dot];
            return(1);
        }
        if(fp->level)
        {
            dot= --fp->dim;
            while((dot+1) < fp->ndim)
                fp->cur[++dot] = 0;
            fp->level--;
            fp->curi = 0;
        }
        else
        ap->header.nelem &= ~(ARRAY_SCAN|ARRAY_NOCHILD);
        return(0);
    }
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    if(!(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_NOSCOPE))
        ar = (struct index_array*)ap->header.scope;
    for(dot=ap->cur+1; dot <  (unsigned)ap->maxi; dot++)
    {
        aq = ap;
        if(!ap->val[dot].cp && !(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_NOSCOPE))
        {
            if(!(aq=ar) || dot>=(unsigned)aq->maxi)
                continue;
        }
        if(aq->val[dot].cp==Empty && array_elem(&aq->header) < nv_aimax(np)+1)      {
            ap->cur = dot;
            if(nv_getval(np)==Empty)
                continue;
        }
        if(aq->val[dot].cp)
        {
            ap->cur = dot;
            if(array_isbit(aq->bits, dot,ARRAY_CHILD))
            {
                Namval_t *mp = aq->val[dot].np;
                if((aq->header.nelem&ARRAY_NOCHILD) && nv_isvtree(mp) && !mp->nvfun->dsize)
                    continue;
                if(nv_isarray(mp))
                    nv_putsub(mp,NIL(char*),ARRAY_SCAN);
            }
            return(1);
        }
    }
    ap->header.nelem &= ~(ARRAY_SCAN|ARRAY_NOCHILD);
    ap->cur = 0;
    return(0);
}

/*
 * Set an array subscript for node <np> given the subscript <sp>
 * An array is created if necessary.
 * <mode> can be a number, plus or more of symbolic constants
 *    ARRAY_SCAN, ARRAY_UNDEF, ARRAY_ADD
 * The node pointer is returned which can be NULL if <np> is
 *    not already array and the ARRAY_ADD bit of <mode> is not set.
 * ARRAY_FILL sets the specified subscript to the empty string when
 *   ARRAY_ADD is specified and there is no value or sets all
 * the elements up to the number specified if ARRAY_ADD is not specified
 */
Namval_t *nv_putsub(Namval_t *np,register char *sp,register long mode)
{
    register struct index_array *ap = (struct index_array*)nv_arrayptr(np);
    register int size = (mode&ARRAY_MASK);
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    struct fixed_array  *fp;
    if(!ap || (!ap->header.fixed && !ap->header.fun))
#else
    if(!ap || !ap->header.fun)
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    {
        if(sp)
        {
            Shell_t *shp = sh_getinterp();
            if(ap && ap->xp && !strmatch(sp,"+([0-9])"))
            {
                Namval_t *mp = nv_namptr(ap->xp,0);
                nv_putval(mp, sp,0);
                size = nv_getnum(mp);
            }
            else
                size = (int)sh_arith(shp,(char*)sp);
        }
        if(size <0 && ap)
            size += array_maxindex(np);
        if(size >= ARRAY_MAX || (size < 0))
        {
            errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_subscript, nv_name(np));
            return(NIL(Namval_t*));
        }
        if(!ap || size>=ap->maxi)
        {
            if(size==0 && !(mode&ARRAY_FILL))
                return(NIL(Namval_t*));
            if(sh.subshell)
                np = sh_assignok(np,1);
            ap = array_grow(np, ap,size);
        }
        ap->header.nelem &= ~ARRAY_UNDEF;
        ap->header.nelem |= (mode&(ARRAY_SCAN|ARRAY_NOCHILD|ARRAY_UNDEF|ARRAY_NOSCOPE));
#if 0
        if(array_isbit(ap->bits,oldsize,ARRAY_CHILD))
            mp = ap->val[oldsize].np;
        if(size != oldsize && mp->nvalue.cp)
        {
            Namfun_t *nfp;
            for(nfp=np->nvfun; nfp; nfp=nfp->next)
            {
                if(nfp->disc && nfp->disc->readf)
                {
                    (*nfp->disc->readf)(mp,(Sfio_t*)0,0,nfp);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
#endif
        ap->cur = size;
        if((mode&ARRAY_SCAN) && (ap->cur--,!nv_nextsub(np)))
            np = 0;
        if(mode&(ARRAY_FILL|ARRAY_ADD))
        {
            if(!(mode&ARRAY_ADD))
            {
                int n;
                if(mode&ARRAY_SETSUB)
                {
                    for(n=0; n <= ap->maxi; n++)
                        ap->val[n].cp = 0;
                    ap->header.nelem = 0;
                }
                for(n=0; n <= size; n++)
                {
                    if(!ap->val[n].cp)
                    {
                        ap->val[n].cp = Empty;
                        if(!array_covered(np,ap))
                            ap->header.nelem++;
                    }
                }
                if(n=ap->maxi-ap->maxi)
                    memset(&ap->val[size],0,n*sizeof(union Value));
            }
            else if(!(sp=(char*)ap->val[size].cp) || sp==Empty)
            {
                if(sh.subshell)
                    np = sh_assignok(np,1);
                if(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_TREE)
                {
                    char *cp;
                    Namval_t *mp;
                    if(!ap->header.table)
                        ap->header.table = dtopen(&_Nvdisc,Dtoset);
                    sfprintf(sh.strbuf,"%d",ap->cur);
                    cp = sfstruse(sh.strbuf);
                    mp = nv_search(cp, ap->header.table, NV_ADD);
                    mp->nvenv = (char*)np;
                    nv_arraychild(np,mp,0);
                    nv_setvtree(mp);
                }
                else
                    ap->val[size].cp = Empty;
                if(!sp && !array_covered(np,ap))
                    ap->header.nelem++;
            }
        }
        else if(!(mode&ARRAY_SCAN))
        {
            ap->header.nelem &= ~ARRAY_SCAN;
            if(array_isbit(ap->bits,size,ARRAY_CHILD))
                nv_putsub(ap->val[size].np,NIL(char*),ARRAY_UNDEF);
            if(sp && !(mode&ARRAY_ADD) && !ap->val[size].cp)
                np = 0;
        }
        return((Namval_t*)np);
    }
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    if(fp=(struct fixed_array*)ap->header.fixed)
    {
        if(!fp->data)
            return(np);
        if(mode&ARRAY_UNDEF)
        {
            fp->dim = 0;
            fp->curi = 0;
            for(size=fp->ndim;--size>=0;)
                fp->cur[size] = 0;
            ap->header.nelem &= ~ARRAY_MASK;
            if(mode&ARRAY_FIXED)
            {
                mode &= ~ARRAY_UNDEF;
                ap->header.nelem |= (ARRAY_FIXED|fp->nelem);
            }
            else
                ap->header.nelem |=  fp->max[0];
        }
        else if(mode&ARRAY_FIXED)
        {
            size = (mode&ARRAY_MASK)&~(ARRAY_FIXED);
            fp->curi = size;
            for(fp->dim=0;size>0 && fp->dim<fp->ndim; fp->dim++)
            {
                fp->cur[fp->dim] = size/fp->incr[fp->dim];
                size -= fp->incr[fp->dim]*fp->cur[fp->dim];
            }
            while(fp->dim < fp->ndim)
                fp->cur[fp->dim++] = 0;
            fp->dim = ap->header.nelem;
            ap->header.nelem |= ARRAY_FIXED;
        }
        else if(fp->dim< fp->ndim)
        {
            fp->curi += (size-fp->cur[fp->dim])*fp->incr[fp->dim];
            fp->cur[fp->dim] = size;
        }
    }
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    ap->header.nelem &= ~ARRAY_UNDEF;
    if(!(mode&ARRAY_FILL))
        ap->header.nelem &= ~ARRAY_SCAN;
    ap->header.nelem |= (mode&(ARRAY_SCAN|ARRAY_NOCHILD|ARRAY_UNDEF|ARRAY_NOSCOPE));
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    if(fp)
        return(np);
    else
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    if(sp)
    {
        if(mode&ARRAY_SETSUB)
        {
            (*ap->header.fun)(np, sp, NV_ASETSUB);
            return(np);
        }
        (*ap->header.fun)(np, sp, (mode&ARRAY_ADD)?NV_AADD:0);
        if(!(mode&(ARRAY_SCAN|ARRAY_ADD)) && !(*ap->header.fun)(np,NIL(char*),NV_ACURRENT))
            np = 0;
    }
    else if(mode&ARRAY_SCAN)
        (*ap->header.fun)(np,(char*)np,0);
    else if(mode&ARRAY_UNDEF)
        (*ap->header.fun)(np, "",0);
    if((mode&ARRAY_SCAN) && !nv_nextsub(np))
        np = 0;
    return(np);
}

#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
int nv_arrfixed(Namval_t *np, Sfio_t *out, int flag, char *dim)
{
    Namarr_t        *ap =  nv_arrayptr(np);
    struct fixed_array  *fp = (struct fixed_array*)ap->fixed;
    int         n;
    if(flag)
    {
        if(out)
        {
            for(n=0; n < fp->dim; n++)
                sfprintf(out,"[%d]",fp->cur[n]);
        }
        if(dim)
            *dim = fp->dim;
        return(fp->curi);
    }
    if(out)
    {
        for(n=0; n < fp->ndim; n++)
            sfprintf(out,"[%d]",fp->max[n]);
    }
    fp->dim = 0;
    return(fp->curi);
}

static void array_fixed_setdata(Namval_t *np,Namarr_t* ap,struct fixed_array* fp)
{
    int n = ap->nelem;
    ap->nelem = 1;
    fp->size = fp->ptr?sizeof(void*):nv_datasize(np,0);
    ap->nelem = n;
    fp->data = (char*)calloc(fp->nelem,fp->size);
    if(fp->ptr)
    {
        char **cp = (char**)fp->data;
        for(n=fp->nelem; n-->0;)
            *cp++ = Empty;
    }
}

static int array_fixed_init(Namval_t *np, char *sub, char *cp)
{
    Shell_t         *shp=sh_getinterp();
    Namarr_t        *ap;
    struct fixed_array  *fp;
    int         n=1,sz;
    char            *ep=cp;
    while(*ep=='[')
    {
        ep = nv_endsubscript(np,ep,0);
        n++;
    }
    if(*ep)
        return(0);
    sz = sizeof(struct fixed_array)+ 3*n*sizeof(int);
        if(!(ap=newof(NIL(Namarr_t*),Namarr_t,1,sz)))
                return(0);
    ap->hdr.disc = &array_disc;
    ap->hdr.dsize = sizeof(Namarr_t)+sz;
    ap->hdr.nofree &= ~1;
    fp = (struct fixed_array*)(ap+1);
    ap->fixed = (void*)fp;
    fp->ndim = n;
    fp->max = (int*)(fp+1);
    fp->incr = fp->max+n;
    fp->cur = fp->incr+n;
    fp->max[0] = (int)sh_arith(shp,(char*)sub);
    for(n=1,ep=cp;*ep=='['; ep=cp)
    {
        cp = nv_endsubscript(np,ep,0);
        cp[-1]=0;
        fp->max[n++] = sz = (int)sh_arith(shp,(char*)ep+1);
        if(sz<0)
        {
            free((void*)ap);
            errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_subscript, nv_name(np));
        }
        cp[-1] = ']';
    }
    nv_disc(np,(Namfun_t*)ap, NV_FIRST);
    fp->ptr = !np->nvsize;
    nv_onattr(np,NV_ARRAY|(fp->ptr?0:NV_NOFREE));
    fp->incr[n=fp->ndim-1] = 1;
    for(sz=1; --n>=0;)
        sz = fp->incr[n] = sz*fp->max[n+1];
    fp->nelem = sz*fp->max[0];
    ap->nelem = fp->max[0];
    return(1);
}

static char *array_fixed(Namval_t *np, char *sub, char *cp,int mode)
{
    Shell_t         *shp=sh_getinterp();
    Namarr_t        *ap = nv_arrayptr(np);
    struct fixed_array  *fp = (struct fixed_array*)ap->fixed;
    char            *ep;
    int         size,n=0,sz;
    if(!fp->data)
        array_fixed_setdata(np,ap,fp);
    ap->nelem &= ~ARRAY_UNDEF;
    if(ap->nelem&ARRAY_FIXED)
    {
        ap->nelem &= ~ARRAY_FIXED;
        n = fp->dim;
        sz = fp->curi;
        if(*sub==0)
            goto skip;
    }
    else
        fp->curi = 0;
    size = (int)sh_arith(shp,(char*)sub);
    fp->cur[n] = size;
    if(size >= fp->max[n] || (size < 0))
        errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_subscript, nv_name(np));
    *cp++ = ']';
    sz = fp->curi + fp->cur[n]*fp->incr[n];
    for(n++,ep=cp;*ep=='['; ep=cp,n++)
    {
        if(n >= fp->ndim)
            errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_subscript, nv_name(np));
        cp = nv_endsubscript(np,ep,0);
        cp[-1]=0;
        size = (int)sh_arith(shp,(char*)ep+1);
        if(size >= fp->max[n] || (size < 0))
            errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_subscript, nv_name(np));
        fp->cur[n] = size;
        cp[-1] = ']';
        sz += fp->cur[n]*fp->incr[n];
    }
skip:
    fp->dim = n;
    ap->nelem &= ~ARRAY_MASK;
    ap->nelem |= fp->max[n];
    while(n < fp->ndim)
        fp->cur[n++] = 0;
    fp->curi = sz;
    return(cp-1);
}
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */

/*
 * process an array subscript for node <np> given the subscript <cp>
 * returns pointer to character after the subscript
 */
char *nv_endsubscript(Namval_t *np, register char *cp, int mode)
{
    register int count=1, quoted=0, c;
    register char *sp = cp+1;
    /* first find matching ']' */
    while(count>0 && (c= *++cp))
    {
        if(c=='\\' && (!(mode&NV_SUBQUOTE) || (c=cp[1])=='[' || c==']' || c=='\\' || c=='*' || c=='@'))
        {
            quoted=1;
            cp++;
        }
        else if(c=='[')
            count++;
        else if(c==']')
            count--;
    }
    *cp = 0;
    if(quoted)
    {
        /* strip escape characters */
        count = staktell();
        stakwrite(sp,1+cp-sp);
        sh_trim(sp=stakptr(count));
    }
    if(mode && np)
    {
        Namarr_t *ap = nv_arrayptr(np);
        int scan = 0;
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
        if((mode&NV_FARRAY) && !nv_isarray(np))
        {
            if(array_fixed_init(np,sp,cp+1))
            {
                *cp++ = c;
                return(strchr(cp,0));
            }
        }
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
        if(ap)
            scan = ap->nelem&ARRAY_SCAN;
        if((mode&NV_ASSIGN) && (cp[1]=='=' || cp[1]=='+'))
            mode |= NV_ADD;
        else if(ap && cp[1]=='.' && (mode&NV_FARRAY))
            mode |= NV_ADD;
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
        if(ap && ap->fixed)
            cp = array_fixed(np,sp,cp,mode);
        else
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
        nv_putsub(np, sp, ((mode&NV_ADD)?ARRAY_ADD:0)|(cp[1]&&(mode&NV_ADD)?ARRAY_FILL:mode&ARRAY_FILL));
        if(scan)
            ap->nelem |= scan;
    }
    if(quoted)
        stakseek(count);
    *cp++ = c;
    return(cp);
}


Namval_t *nv_opensub(Namval_t* np)
{
    register struct index_array *ap = (struct index_array*)nv_arrayptr(np);
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    struct fixed_array *fp;
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    if(ap)
    {
        if(is_associative(ap))
            return((Namval_t*)((*ap->header.fun)(np,NIL(char*),NV_ACURRENT)));
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
        else if(!(fp=(struct fixed_array*)ap->header.fixed) && array_isbit(ap->bits,ap->cur,ARRAY_CHILD))
#else
        else if(array_isbit(ap->bits,ap->cur,ARRAY_CHILD))
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
        {
            return(ap->val[ap->cur].np);
        }
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
        else if(fp)
        {
            int n = fp->dim;
            if((fp->dim+1) < fp->ndim)
            {
                fp->dim++;
                if(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_SCAN)
                {
                    while(++n < fp->ndim)
                        fp->cur[n] = 0;
                    fp->level++;
                }
                return(np);
            }
        }
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    }
    return(NIL(Namval_t*));
}

char    *nv_getsub(Namval_t* np)
{
    static char numbuff[NUMSIZE+1];
    register struct index_array *ap;
    register unsigned dot, n;
    register char *cp = &numbuff[NUMSIZE];
    if(!np || !(ap = (struct index_array*)nv_arrayptr(np)))
        return(NIL(char*));
    if(is_associative(ap))
        return((char*)((*ap->header.fun)(np,NIL(char*),NV_ANAME)));
    if(ap->xp)
    {
        np = nv_namptr(ap->xp,0);
        np->nvalue.s = ap->cur;
        return(nv_getval(np));
    }
    if((dot = ap->cur)==0)
        *--cp = '0';
    else while(n=dot)
    {
        dot /= 10;
        *--cp = '0' + (n-10*dot);
    }
    return(cp);
}

/*
 * If <np> is an indexed array node, the current subscript index
 * returned, otherwise returns -1
 */
int nv_aindex(register Namval_t* np)
{
    Namarr_t *ap = nv_arrayptr(np);
    if(!ap)
        return(0);
    else if(is_associative(ap))
        return(-1);
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    else if(ap->fixed)
        return(-1);
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
    return(((struct index_array*)(ap))->cur&ARRAY_MASK);
}

int nv_arraynsub(register Namarr_t* ap)
{
    return(array_elem(ap));
}

int nv_aimax(register Namval_t* np)
{
    struct index_array *ap = (struct index_array*)nv_arrayptr(np);
    int sub = -1;
#if SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY
    if(!ap || is_associative(&ap->header) || ap->header.fixed)
#else
    if(!ap || is_associative(&ap->header))
#endif /* SHOPT_FIXEDARRAY */
        return(-1);
    sub = ap->maxi;
    while(--sub>0 && ap->val[sub].cp==0);
    return(sub);
}

/*
 *  This is the default implementation for associative arrays
 */
void *nv_associative(register Namval_t *np,const char *sp,int mode)
{
    register struct assoc_array *ap = (struct assoc_array*)nv_arrayptr(np);
    register int type;
    switch(mode)
    {
        case NV_AINIT:
        if(ap = (struct assoc_array*)calloc(1,sizeof(struct assoc_array)))
        {
            ap->header.table = dtopen(&_Nvdisc,Dtoset);
            ap->cur = 0;
            ap->pos = 0;
            ap->header.hdr.disc = &array_disc;
            nv_disc(np,(Namfun_t*)ap, NV_FIRST);
            ap->header.hdr.dsize = sizeof(struct assoc_array);
            ap->header.hdr.nofree &= ~1;
        }
        return((void*)ap);
        case NV_ADELETE:
        if(ap->cur)
        {
            if(!ap->header.scope || (Dt_t*)ap->header.scope==ap->header.table || !nv_search(ap->cur->nvname,(Dt_t*)ap->header.scope,0))
                ap->header.nelem--;
            _nv_unset(ap->cur,NV_RDONLY);
            nv_delete(ap->cur,ap->header.table,0);
            ap->cur = 0;
        }
        return((void*)ap);
        case NV_AFREE:
        ap->pos = 0;
        if(ap->header.scope)
        {
            ap->header.table = dtview(ap->header.table,(Dt_t*)0);
            dtclose(ap->header.scope);
            ap->header.scope = 0;
        }
        else
            dtclose(ap->header.table);
        return((void*)ap);
        case NV_ANEXT:
        if(!ap->pos)
        {
            if((ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_NOSCOPE) && ap->header.scope && dtvnext(ap->header.table))
            {
                ap->header.scope = dtvnext(ap->header.table);
                ap->header.table->view = 0;
            }
            if(!(ap->pos=ap->cur))
                ap->pos = (Namval_t*)dtfirst(ap->header.table);
        }
        else
            ap->pos = ap->nextpos;
        for(;ap->cur=ap->pos; ap->pos=ap->nextpos)
        {
            ap->nextpos = (Namval_t*)dtnext(ap->header.table,ap->pos);
            if(!nv_isnull(ap->cur))
            {
                if((ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_NOCHILD) && nv_isattr(ap->cur,NV_CHILD))
                    continue;
                return((void*)ap);
            }
        }
        if((ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_NOSCOPE) && ap->header.scope && !dtvnext(ap->header.table))
        {
            ap->header.table->view = (Dt_t*)ap->header.scope;
            ap->header.scope = ap->header.table;
        }
        return(NIL(void*));
        case NV_ASETSUB:
        ap->cur = (Namval_t*)sp;
        return((void*)ap->cur);
        case NV_ACURRENT:
        if(ap->cur)
            ap->cur->nvenv = (char*)np;
        return((void*)ap->cur);
        case NV_ANAME:
        if(ap->cur)
        {
            Shell_t *shp = sh_getinterp();
            if(!shp->instance && nv_isnull(ap->cur))
                return(NIL(void*));
            return((void*)ap->cur->nvname);
        }
        return(NIL(void*));
        default:
        if(sp)
        {
            Namval_t *mp=0;
            ap->cur = 0;
            if(sp==(char*)np)
                return(0);
            type = nv_isattr(np,NV_PUBLIC&~(NV_ARRAY|NV_CHILD|NV_MINIMAL));
            if(mode)
                mode = NV_ADD|HASH_NOSCOPE;
            else if(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_NOSCOPE)
                mode = HASH_NOSCOPE;
            if(*sp==0 && sh_isoption(SH_XTRACE) && (mode&NV_ADD))
                errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_warn(0),"adding empty subscript");
            if(sh.subshell && (mp=nv_search(sp,ap->header.table,0)) && nv_isnull(mp))
                ap->cur = mp;
            if((mp || (mp=nv_search(sp,ap->header.table,mode))) && nv_isnull(mp) && (mode&NV_ADD))
            {
                nv_onattr(mp,type);
                mp->nvenv = (char*)np;
                if((mode&NV_ADD) && nv_type(np))
                    nv_arraychild(np,mp,0);
                if(sh.subshell)
                    np = sh_assignok(np,1);
                if(!ap->header.scope || !nv_search(sp,dtvnext(ap->header.table),0))
                    ap->header.nelem++;
                if(nv_isnull(mp))
                {
                    if(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_TREE)
                        nv_setvtree(mp);
                    mp->nvalue.cp = Empty;
                }
            }
            else if(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_SCAN)
            {
                Namval_t fake;
                fake.nvname = (char*)sp;
                ap->pos = mp = (Namval_t*)dtprev(ap->header.table,&fake);
                ap->nextpos = (Namval_t*)dtnext(ap->header.table,mp);
            }
            else if(!mp && *sp && mode==0)
                mp = nv_search(sp,ap->header.table,NV_ADD|HASH_NOSCOPE);
            np = mp;
            if(ap->pos && ap->pos==np)
                ap->header.nelem |= ARRAY_SCAN;
            else if(!(ap->header.nelem&ARRAY_SCAN))
                ap->pos = 0;
            ap->cur = np;
        }
        if(ap->cur)
            return((void*)(&ap->cur->nvalue));
        else
            return((void*)(&ap->cur));
    }
}

/*
 * Assign values to an array
 */
void nv_setvec(register Namval_t *np,int append,register int argc,register char *argv[])
{
    int arg0=0;
    struct index_array *ap=0,*aq;
    if(nv_isarray(np))
    {
        ap = (struct index_array*)nv_arrayptr(np);
        if(ap && is_associative(ap))
            errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),"cannot append index array to associative array %s",nv_name(np));
    }
    if(append)
    {
        if(ap)
        {
            if(!(aq = (struct index_array*)ap->header.scope))
                aq = ap;
            arg0 = ap->maxi;
            while(--arg0>0 && ap->val[arg0].cp==0 && aq->val[arg0].cp==0);
            arg0++;
        }
        else
        {
            nv_offattr(np,NV_ARRAY);
            if(!nv_isnull(np) && np->nvalue.cp!=Empty)
                arg0=1;
        }
    }
    while(--argc >= 0)
    {
        nv_putsub(np,NIL(char*),(long)argc+arg0|ARRAY_FILL|ARRAY_ADD);
        nv_putval(np,argv[argc],0);
    }
}