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<refentry id="systemd.network" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>

<refentryinfo>

<title>systemd.network</title>

<productname>systemd</productname>

<authorgroup>

<author>

<contrib>Developer</contrib>

<firstname>Tom</firstname>

<surname>Gundersen</surname>

<email>teg@jklm.no</email>

</author>

</authorgroup>

</refentryinfo>

<refmeta>

<refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>

<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>

</refmeta>

<refnamediv>

<refname>systemd.network</refname>

<refpurpose>Network configuration</refpurpose>

</refnamediv>

<refsynopsisdiv>

<para><filename><replaceable>network</replaceable>.network</filename></para>

</refsynopsisdiv>

<refsect1>

<title>Description</title>

<para>Network setup is performed by

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.

</para>

<para>Network files must have the extension <filename>.network</filename>;

other extensions are ignored. Networks are applied to links whenever the links

appear.</para>

<para>The <filename>.network</filename> files are read from the files located in the

system network directory <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>,

the volatile runtime network directory

<filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local administration

network directory <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>.

All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,

regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with

identical filenames replace each other. Files in

<filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in

<filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same

name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to override a

system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed; a symlink in

<filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a configuration file in

<filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,

disables the configuration file entirely.</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>[Match] Section Options</title>

<para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal> section,

which determines if a given network file may be applied to a given device;

and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section specifying how the device should

be configured. The first (in lexical order) of the network files that

matches a given device is applied.</para>

<para>A network file is said to match a device if each of the entries in the

<literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if the section is empty.

The following keys are accepted:</para>

<variablelist class='network-directives'>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The hardware address.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Path=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev

property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>. May contain shell

style globs.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Driver=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The driver currently bound to the device, as

exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>

of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver

as exposed by <literal>ethtool -i</literal> of the

device itself.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Type=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property

<literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Name=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The device name, as exposed by the udev property

<literal>INTERFACE</literal>. May contain shell style

globs.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Host=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the

host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

for details.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized

environment and optionally test whether it is a specific

implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

for details.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is

set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See

<literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

for details.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific

architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

for details.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>[Network] Section Options</title>

<para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>

<variablelist class='network-directives'>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Description=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>A description of the device. This is only used for

presentation purposes.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>DHCP=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>Enables DHCPv4 and/or DHCPv6 support. Accepts

<literal>both</literal>, <literal>none</literal>,

<literal>v4</literal> or <literal>v6</literal>.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>IPv4LL=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>A boolean. When true, enables IPv4 link-local support.

If <literal>DHCP=</literal> is also true, acquiring DHCP address

will deprecate previously acquired IPv4 link-local address or

stop acquiring process if one has not been acquired before.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Address=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,

separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. Specify this

key more than once to configure several addresses.

The format of the address must be as described in

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.

This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only containing

an Address key (see below). This option may be specified

more than once.

</para>

<para>If the specified

address is 0.0.0.0

(for IPv4) or [::]

(for IPv6), a new

address range of the

requested size is

automatically

allocated from a

system-wide pool of

unused ranges. The

allocated range is

checked against all

current network

interfaces and all

known network

configuration files to

avoid address range

conflicts. The default

system-wide pool

consists of

192.168.0.0/16,

172.16.0.0/12 and

10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4,

and fc00::/7 for

IPv6. This

functionality is

useful to manage a

large number of

dynamically created

network interfaces

with the same network

configuration and

automatic address

range

assignment.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The gateway address, which must be in the format described in

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.

This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway

key. This option may be specified more than once.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format described in

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.

This option may be specified more than once.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The name of the bridge to add the link to.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Bond=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The name of the bond to add the link to.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This option

may be specified more than once.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This option

may be specified more than once.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>[Address] Section Options</title>

<para>An <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the following keys.

Specify several <literal>[Address]</literal> sections to configure several

addresses.</para>

<variablelist class='network-directives'>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Address=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format described in

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.

This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not given, it is

derived from the <literal>Address</literal> key.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Label=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>An address label.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>[Route] Section Options</title>

<para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the following keys. Specify

several <literal>[Route]</literal> sections to configure several routes.</para>

<variablelist class='network-directives'>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the

prefixlength. If ommitted, a full-length host route is assumed.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>[DHCP] Section Options</title>

<para>The <literal>[DHCP]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>

<variablelist class='network-directives'>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will

be used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>UseMTU=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will

be used on the current link. Defaults to false.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>UseHostname=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>When true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server

will be used as the transient hostname.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>UseRoutes=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>When true (the default), the static routes will be requested from the DHCP server

and added to the routing table with metric of 1024.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>CriticalConnection=</varname></term>

<listitem>

<para>When true, the connection will never be torn down even if the DHCP lease

expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice

if, say, the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to false.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>Example</title>

<example>

<title>/etc/systemd/network/50-static.network</title>

<programlisting>[Match]

Name=enp2s0

[Network]

Address=192.168.0.15/24

Gateway=192.168.0.1</programlisting>

</example>

<example>

<title>/etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network</title>

<programlisting>[Match]

Name=en*

[Network]

DHCP=yes</programlisting>

</example>

<example>

<title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network</title>

<programlisting>[Match]

Name=bridge0

[Network]

Address=192.168.0.15/24

Gateway=192.168.0.1

DNS=192.168.0.1</programlisting>

</example>

<example>

<title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network</title>

<programlisting>[Match]

Name=enp2s0

[Network]

Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>

</example>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>See Also</title>

<para>

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry>