systemd-nspawn.xml revision 3ba3a79df4ae094d1008c04a9af8d1ff970124c4
8f7a3c1402a8de36b2c63935358a53510d2fe7c1Lennart Poettering<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
8f7a3c1402a8de36b2c63935358a53510d2fe7c1Lennart Poettering This file is part of systemd.
8f7a3c1402a8de36b2c63935358a53510d2fe7c1Lennart Poettering Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8f7a3c1402a8de36b2c63935358a53510d2fe7c1Lennart Poettering systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5430f7f2bc7330f3088b894166bf3524a067e3d8Lennart Poettering under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
5430f7f2bc7330f3088b894166bf3524a067e3d8Lennart Poettering the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
8f7a3c1402a8de36b2c63935358a53510d2fe7c1Lennart Poettering (at your option) any later version.
8f7a3c1402a8de36b2c63935358a53510d2fe7c1Lennart Poettering systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
8f7a3c1402a8de36b2c63935358a53510d2fe7c1Lennart Poettering WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
8f7a3c1402a8de36b2c63935358a53510d2fe7c1Lennart Poettering MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
5430f7f2bc7330f3088b894166bf3524a067e3d8Lennart Poettering Lesser General Public License for more details.
5430f7f2bc7330f3088b894166bf3524a067e3d8Lennart Poettering You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
8f7a3c1402a8de36b2c63935358a53510d2fe7c1Lennart Poettering along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <productname>systemd</productname>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <refname>systemd-nspawn</refname>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <refpurpose>Spawn a namespace container for debugging, testing and building</refpurpose>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <refsynopsisdiv>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <command>systemd-nspawn</command>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <command>systemd-nspawn</command>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek </refsynopsisdiv>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para><command>systemd-nspawn</command> may be used to run a
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek command or OS in a light-weight namespace container. In many ways
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek it is similar to
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek but more powerful since it fully virtualizes the file system
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek hierarchy, as well as the process tree, the various IPC subsystems
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek and the host and domain name.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para><command>systemd-nspawn</command> limits access to various
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek kernel interfaces in the container to read-only, such as
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <filename>/sys</filename>, <filename>/proc/sys</filename> or
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <filename>/sys/fs/selinux</filename>. Network interfaces and the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek system clock may not be changed from within the container. Device
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek nodes may not be created. The host system cannot be rebooted and
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek kernel modules may not be loaded from within the container.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>Note that even though these security precautions are taken
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <command>systemd-nspawn</command> is not suitable for secure
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container setups. Many of the security features may be
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek circumvented and are hence primarily useful to avoid accidental
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek changes to the host system from the container. The intended use of
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek this program is debugging and testing as well as building of
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek packages, distributions and software involved with boot and
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek systems management.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>In contrast to
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> <command>systemd-nspawn</command>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek may be used to boot full Linux-based operating systems in a
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>Use a tool like
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='mankier'><refentrytitle>dnf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>yum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='archlinux'><refentrytitle>pacman</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek to set up an OS directory tree suitable as file system hierarchy
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek for <command>systemd-nspawn</command> containers.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>Note that <command>systemd-nspawn</command> will mount file
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek systems private to the container to <filename>/dev</filename>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <filename>/run</filename> and similar. These will not be visible
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek outside of the container, and their contents will be lost when the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container exits.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>Note that running two <command>systemd-nspawn</command>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek containers from the same directory tree will not make processes in
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek them see each other. The PID namespace separation of the two
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek containers is complete and the containers will share very few
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek runtime objects except for the underlying file system. Use
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <command>login</command> command to request an additional login
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek prompt in a running container.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para><command>systemd-nspawn</command> implements the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ContainerInterface">Container
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Interface</ulink> specification.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>As a safety check <command>systemd-nspawn</command> will
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek verify the existence of <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek or <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> in the container tree
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek before starting the container (see
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek It might be necessary to add this file to the container tree
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek manually if the OS of the container is too old to contain this
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek file out-of-the-box.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>If option <option>-b</option> is specified, the arguments
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek are used as arguments for the init binary. Otherwise,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> specifies the program to launch
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek in the container, and the remaining arguments are used as
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek arguments for this program. If <option>-b</option> is not used and
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek no arguments are specifed, a shell is launched in the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>The following options are understood:</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-D</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--directory=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Directory to use as file system root for the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>If neither <option>--directory=</option>, nor
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--image=</option> is specified the directory is
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek determined as <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename> suffixed
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek by the machine name as specified with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--machine=</option>. If neither
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--directory=</option>, <option>--image=</option>, nor
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--machine=</option> are specified, the current
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek directory will be used. May not be specified together with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--image=</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--template=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Directory or <literal>btrfs</literal>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek subvolume to use as template for the container's root
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek directory. If this is specified and the container's root
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek directory (as configured by <option>--directory=</option>)
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek does not yet exist it is created as <literal>btrfs</literal>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek subvolume and populated from this template tree. Ideally, the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek specified template path refers to the root of a
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>btrfs</literal> subvolume, in which case a simple
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek copy-on-write snapshot is taken, and populating the root
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek directory is instant. If the specified template path does not
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek refer to the root of a <literal>btrfs</literal> subvolume (or
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek not even to a <literal>btrfs</literal> file system at all),
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek the tree is copied, which can be substantially more
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek time-consuming. Note that if this option is used the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container's root directory (in contrast to the template
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek directory!) must be located on a <literal>btrfs</literal> file
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek system, so that the <literal>btrfs</literal> subvolume may be
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek created. May not be specified together with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--ephemeral</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-x</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--ephemeral</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>If specified, the container is run with a
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek temporary <literal>btrfs</literal> snapshot of its root
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek directory (as configured with <option>--directory=</option>),
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek that is removed immediately when the container terminates.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek This option is only supported if the root file system is
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>btrfs</literal>. May not be specified together with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--template=</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-i</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--image=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Disk image to mount the root directory for the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container from. Takes a path to a regular file or to a block
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek device node. The file or block device must contain
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>An MBR partition table with a single
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek partition of type 0x83 that is marked
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>A GUID partition table (GPT) with a single
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek partition of type
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek 0fc63daf-8483-4772-8e79-3d69d8477de4.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>A GUID partition table (GPT) with a marked
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek root partition which is mounted as the root directory of the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container. Optionally, GPT images may contain a home and/or
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek a server data partition which are mounted to the appropriate
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek places in the container. All these partitions must be
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek identified by the partition types defined by the <ulink
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/">Discoverable
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Partitions Specification</ulink>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>Any other partitions, such as foreign partitions, swap
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek partitions or EFI system partitions are not mounted. May not
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek be specified together with <option>--directory=</option>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--ephemeral</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-b</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--boot</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Automatically search for an init binary and
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek invoke it instead of a shell or a user supplied program. If
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek this option is used, arguments specified on the command line
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek are used as arguments for the init binary. This option may not
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek be combined with <option>--share-system</option>.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-u</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--user=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>After transitioning into the container, change
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek to the specified user-defined in the container's user
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek database. Like all other systemd-nspawn features, this is not
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek a security feature and provides protection against accidental
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek destructive operations only.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-M</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--machine=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Sets the machine name for this container. This
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek name may be used to identify this container during its runtime
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek (for example in tools like
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek and similar), and is used to initialize the container's
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek hostname (which the container can choose to override,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek however). If not specified, the last component of the root
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek directory path of the container is used, possibly suffixed
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek with a random identifier in case <option>--ephemeral</option>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek mode is selected. If the root directory selected is the host's
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek root directory the host's hostname is used as default
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--uuid=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Set the specified UUID for the container. The
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek init system will initialize
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> from this if this file is
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--slice=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Make the container part of the specified
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek slice, instead of the default
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering <filename>machine.slice</filename>. This is only applies if
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering the machine is run in its own scope unit, i.e. if
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering <option>--keep-unit</option> is not used.</para>
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering </varlistentry>
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering <varlistentry>
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering <term><option>--property=</option></term>
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering <listitem><para>Set a unit property on the scope unit to
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering register for the machine. This only applies if the machine is
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering run in its own scope unit, i.e. if
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering <option>--keep-unit</option> is not used. Takes unit property
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering assignments in the same format as <command>systemctl
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering set-property</command>. This is useful to set memory limits
f36933fef605a7dccce8e3aecccff5152e522fa6Lennart Poettering and similar for machines.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--private-network</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Disconnect networking of the container from
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek the host. This makes all network interfaces unavailable in the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container, with the exception of the loopback device and those
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek specified with <option>--network-interface=</option> and
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek configured with <option>--network-veth</option>. If this
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek option is specified, the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability will be
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek added to the set of capabilities the container retains. The
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek latter may be disabled by using
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--drop-capability=</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--network-interface=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Assign the specified network interface to the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container. This will remove the specified interface from the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek calling namespace and place it in the container. When the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container terminates, it is moved back to the host namespace.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Note that <option>--network-interface=</option> implies
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--private-network</option>. This option may be used
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek more than once to add multiple network interfaces to the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--network-macvlan=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Create a <literal>macvlan</literal> interface
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek of the specified Ethernet network interface and add it to the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container. A <literal>macvlan</literal> interface is a virtual
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek interface that adds a second MAC address to an existing
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek physical Ethernet link. The interface in the container will be
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek named after the interface on the host, prefixed with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>mv-</literal>. Note that
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--network-macvlan=</option> implies
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--private-network</option>. This option may be used
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek more than once to add multiple network interfaces to the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--network-ipvlan=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Create an <literal>ipvlan</literal> interface
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek of the specified Ethernet network interface and add it to the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container. An <literal>ipvlan</literal> interface is a virtual
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek interface, similar to a <literal>macvlan</literal> interface,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek which uses the same MAC address as the underlying interface.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek The interface in the container will be named after the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek interface on the host, prefixed with <literal>iv-</literal>.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Note that <option>--network-ipvlan=</option> implies
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--private-network</option>. This option may be used
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek more than once to add multiple network interfaces to the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-n</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--network-veth</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Create a virtual Ethernet link
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek (<literal>veth</literal>) between host and container. The host
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek side of the Ethernet link will be available as a network
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek interface named after the container's name (as specified with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--machine=</option>), prefixed with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>ve-</literal>. The container side of the Ethernet
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek link will be named <literal>host0</literal>. Note that
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--network-veth</option> implies
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--private-network</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--network-bridge=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Adds the host side of the Ethernet link
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek created with <option>--network-veth</option> to the specified
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek bridge. Note that <option>--network-bridge=</option> implies
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--network-veth</option>. If this option is used, the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek host side of the Ethernet link will use the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>vb-</literal> prefix instead of
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>ve-</literal>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-p</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--port=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>If private networking is enabled, maps an IP
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek port on the host onto an IP port on the container. Takes a
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek protocol specifier (either <literal>tcp</literal> or
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>udp</literal>), separated by a colon from a host port
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek number in the range 1 to 65535, separated by a colon from a
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container port number in the range from 1 to 65535. The
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek protocol specifier and its separating colon may be omitted, in
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek which case <literal>tcp</literal> is assumed. The container
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek port number and its colon may be ommitted, in which case the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek same port as the host port is implied. This option is only
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek supported if private networking is used, such as
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--network-veth</option> or
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--network-bridge=</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-Z</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--selinux-context=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Sets the SELinux security context to be used
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek to label processes in the container.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-L</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--selinux-apifs-context=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Sets the SELinux security context to be used
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek to label files in the virtual API file systems in the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--capability=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>List one or more additional capabilities to
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek grant the container. Takes a comma-separated list of
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek capability names, see
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek for more information. Note that the following capabilities
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek will be granted in any way: CAP_CHOWN, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH, CAP_FOWNER, CAP_FSETID, CAP_IPC_OWNER,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek CAP_KILL, CAP_LEASE, CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, CAP_NET_BROADCAST, CAP_NET_RAW,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek CAP_SETGID, CAP_SETFCAP, CAP_SETPCAP, CAP_SETUID,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SYS_CHROOT, CAP_SYS_NICE, CAP_SYS_PTRACE,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG, CAP_SYS_RESOURCE, CAP_SYS_BOOT,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek CAP_AUDIT_WRITE, CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL. Also CAP_NET_ADMIN is
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek retained if <option>--private-network</option> is specified.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek If the special value <literal>all</literal> is passed, all
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek capabilities are retained.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--drop-capability=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Specify one or more additional capabilities to
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek drop for the container. This allows running the container with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek fewer capabilities than the default (see
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering <varlistentry>
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering <term><option>--kill-signal=</option></term>
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering <listitem><para>Specify the process signal to send to the
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering container's PID 1 when nspawn itself receives SIGTERM, in
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering order to trigger an orderly shutdown of the
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering container. Defaults to SIGRTMIN+3 if <option>--boot</option>
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering is used (on systemd-compatible init systems SIGRTMIN+3
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering triggers an orderly shutdown). Takes a signal name like
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering <literal>SIGHUP</literal>, <literal>SIGTERM</literal> or
c6c8f6e218995852350e5e35c080dec788c42c3fLennart Poettering </varlistentry>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--link-journal=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Control whether the container's journal shall
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek be made visible to the host system. If enabled, allows viewing
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek the container's journal files from the host (but not vice
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek versa). Takes one of <literal>no</literal>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>host</literal>, <literal>try-host</literal>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>guest</literal>, <literal>try-guest</literal>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>auto</literal>. If <literal>no</literal>, the journal
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek is not linked. If <literal>host</literal>, the journal files
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek are stored on the host file system (beneath
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <filename>/var/log/journal/<replaceable>machine-id</replaceable></filename>)
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek and the subdirectory is bind-mounted into the container at the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek same location. If <literal>guest</literal>, the journal files
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek are stored on the guest file system (beneath
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <filename>/var/log/journal/<replaceable>machine-id</replaceable></filename>)
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek and the subdirectory is symlinked into the host at the same
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek location. <literal>try-host</literal> and
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>try-guest</literal> do the same but do not fail if
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek the host does not have persistent journalling enabled. If
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>auto</literal> (the default), and the right
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek subdirectory of <filename>/var/log/journal</filename> exists,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek it will be bind mounted into the container. If the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek subdirectory does not exist, no linking is performed.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Effectively, booting a container once with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>guest</literal> or <literal>host</literal> will link
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek the journal persistently if further on the default of
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>auto</literal> is used.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-j</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--link-journal=try-guest</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--read-only</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Mount the root file system read-only for the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--bind=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--bind-ro=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Bind mount a file or directory from the host
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek into the container. Either takes a path argument -- in which
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek case the specified path will be mounted from the host to the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek same path in the container --, or a colon-separated pair of
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek paths -- in which case the first specified path is the source
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek in the host, and the second path is the destination in the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container. The <option>--bind-ro=</option> option creates
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek read-only bind mounts.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--tmpfs=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Mount a tmpfs file system into the container.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Takes a single absolute path argument that specifies where to
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek mount the tmpfs instance to (in which case the directory
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek access mode will be chosen as 0755, owned by root/root), or
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek optionally a colon-separated pair of path and mount option
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek string, that is used for mounting (in which case the kernel
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek default for access mode and owner will be chosen, unless
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek otherwise specified). This option is particularly useful for
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek mounting directories such as <filename>/var</filename> as
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek tmpfs, to allow state-less systems, in particular when
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek combined with <option>--read-only</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--setenv=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Specifies an environment variable assignment
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek to pass to the init process in the container, in the format
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>NAME=VALUE</literal>. This may be used to override
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek the default variables or to set additional variables. This
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek parameter may be used more than once.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--share-system</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Allows the container to share certain system
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek facilities with the host. More specifically, this turns off
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek PID namespacing, UTS namespacing and IPC namespacing, and thus
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek allows the guest to see and interact more easily with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek processes outside of the container. Note that using this
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek option makes it impossible to start up a full Operating System
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek in the container, as an init system cannot operate in this
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek mode. It is only useful to run specific programs or
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek applications this way, without involving an init system in the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek container. This option implies <option>--register=no</option>.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek This option may not be combined with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--boot</option>.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--register=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Controls whether the container is registered
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Takes a boolean argument, defaults to <literal>yes</literal>.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek This option should be enabled when the container runs a full
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Operating System (more specifically: an init system), and is
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek useful to ensure that the container is accessible via
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek and shown by tools such as
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek If the container does not run an init system, it is
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek recommended to set this option to <literal>no</literal>. Note
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek that <option>--share-system</option> implies
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <option>--register=no</option>. </para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--keep-unit</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Instead of creating a transient scope unit to
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek run the container in, simply register the service or scope
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek unit <command>systemd-nspawn</command> has been invoked in
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek This has no effect if <option>--register=no</option> is used.
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek This switch should be used if
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <command>systemd-nspawn</command> is invoked from within a
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek service unit, and the service unit's sole purpose is to run a
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek single <command>systemd-nspawn</command> container. This
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek option is not available if run from a user
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--personality=</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Control the architecture ("personality")
3ba3a79df4ae094d1008c04a9af8d1ff970124c4Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>uname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek in the container. Currently, only <literal>x86</literal> and
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>x86-64</literal> are supported. This is useful when
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek running a 32-bit container on a 64-bit host. If this setting
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek is not used, the personality reported in the container is the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek same as the one reported on the host.</para></listitem>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>-q</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Turns off any status output by the tool
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek itself. When this switch is used, the only output from nspawn
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek will be the console output of the container OS
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <term><option>--volatile</option><replaceable>=MODE</replaceable></term>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <listitem><para>Boots the container in volatile mode. When no
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek mode parameter is passed or when mode is specified as
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>yes</literal> full volatile mode is enabled. This
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek means the root directory is mounted as mostly unpopulated
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>tmpfs</literal> instance, and
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <filename>/usr</filename> from the OS tree is mounted into it,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek read-only (the system thus starts up with read-only OS
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek resources, but pristine state and configuration, any changes
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek to the either are lost on shutdown). When the mode parameter
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek is specified as <literal>state</literal> the OS tree is
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek mounted read-only, but <filename>/var</filename> is mounted as
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>tmpfs</literal> instance into it (the system thus
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek starts up with read-only OS resources and configuration, but
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek pristine state, any changes to the latter are lost on
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek shutdown). When the mode parameter is specified as
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>no</literal> (the default) the whole OS tree is made
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek available writable.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>Note that setting this to <literal>yes</literal> or
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>state</literal> will only work correctly with
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek operating systems in the container that can boot up with only
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <filename>/usr</filename> mounted, and are able to populate
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <filename>/var</filename> automatically, as
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <title>Download a Fedora image and start a shell in it</title>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <programlisting># machinectl pull-raw --verify=no http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/fedora/linux/releases/21/Cloud/Images/x86_64/Fedora-Cloud-Base-20141203-21.x86_64.raw.xz
e0ea94c1e2ab3930c85c6057189a2a829a13a800Lennart Poettering# systemd-nspawn -M Fedora-Cloud-Base-20141203-21</programlisting>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>This downloads an image using
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek and opens a shell in it.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <title>Build and boot a minimal Fedora distribution in a container</title>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <programlisting># dnf -y --releasever=21 --nogpg --installroot=/srv/mycontainer --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo=fedora install systemd passwd dnf fedora-release vim-minimal
2b3987a863975f5a1fa1754725e3d07a5d4f6478Lennart Poettering# systemd-nspawn -bD /srv/mycontainer</programlisting>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>This installs a minimal Fedora distribution into the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek directory <filename noindex='true'>/srv/mycontainer/</filename>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek and then boots an OS in a namespace container in it.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <title>Spawn a shell in a container of a minimal Debian unstable distribution</title>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <programlisting># debootstrap --arch=amd64 unstable ~/debian-tree/
25f5971b5e0b3ab5b91a7d0359cd7f5a5094c1d0Lennart Poettering# systemd-nspawn -D ~/debian-tree/</programlisting>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>This installs a minimal Debian unstable distribution into
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek the directory <filename>~/debian-tree/</filename> and then
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek spawns a shell in a namespace container in it.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <title>Boot a minimal Arch Linux distribution in a container</title>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <programlisting># pacstrap -c -d ~/arch-tree/ base
68562936c243a2e2190a7232c4805ffd094e9b3bWilliam Giokas# systemd-nspawn -bD ~/arch-tree/</programlisting>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>This installs a mimimal Arch Linux distribution into the
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek directory <filename>~/arch-tree/</filename> and then boots an OS
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek in a namespace container in it.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <title>Boot into an ephemeral <literal>btrfs</literal> snapshot of the host system</title>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <programlisting># systemd-nspawn -D / -xb</programlisting>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>This runs a copy of the host system in a
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <literal>btrfs</literal> snapshot which is removed immediately
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek when the container exits. All file system changes made during
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek runtime will be lost on shutdown, hence.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <title>Run a container with SELinux sandbox security contexts</title>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <programlisting># chcon system_u:object_r:svirt_sandbox_file_t:s0:c0,c1 -R /srv/container
a8828ed93878b4b4866d40ebfb660e54995ff72eDaniel J Walsh# systemd-nspawn -L system_u:object_r:svirt_sandbox_file_t:s0:c0,c1 -Z system_u:system_r:svirt_lxc_net_t:s0:c0,c1 -D /srv/container /bin/sh</programlisting>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <para>The exit code of the program executed in the container is
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek returned.</para>
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='mankier'><refentrytitle>dnf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>yum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='archlinux'><refentrytitle>pacman</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
798d3a524ea57aaf40cb53858aaa45ec702f012dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
3ba3a79df4ae094d1008c04a9af8d1ff970124c4Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>btrfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>