0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor<refentry id="journalctl">

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <refentryinfo>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <title>journalctl</title>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <productname>systemd</productname>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <authorgroup>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <author>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <contrib>Developer</contrib>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <firstname>Lennart</firstname>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <surname>Poettering</surname>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </author>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </authorgroup>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </refentryinfo>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <refmeta>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </refmeta>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <refnamediv>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <refname>journalctl</refname>

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <refpurpose>Query the systemd journal</refpurpose>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </refnamediv>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

9f47982d4f9350397f1f62f04f1ba744ad5b6fa5lgentis <refsynopsisdiv>

9f47982d4f9350397f1f62f04f1ba744ad5b6fa5lgentis <cmdsynopsis>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <command>journalctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">MATCHES</arg></command>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </cmdsynopsis>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </refsynopsisdiv>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <refsect1>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <title>Description</title>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <para><command>journalctl</command> may be used to

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor query the contents of the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor journal as written by

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <para>If called without parameter it will show the full

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor contents of the journal, starting with the oldest

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor entry collected.</para>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <para>If one or more match arguments are passed the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor output is filtered accordingly. A match is in the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor format <literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>,

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor referring to the components of a structured journal

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor entry. See

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor are specified matching different fields the log

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor will show only entries matching all the specified

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor field, then they are automatically matched as

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor entries matching any of the specified matches for the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor same field. Finally, if the character

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor "<literal>+</literal>" appears as separate word on the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor command line all matches before and after are combined

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).</para>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <para>As shortcuts for a few types of field/value

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor matches file paths may be specified. If a file path

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>_EXE=</literal> match for the canonicalized

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor binary path. Similar, if a path refers to a device

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor node, this is equivalent to a

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</literal> match for the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor device.</para>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <para>Output is interleaved from all accessible

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor journal files, whether they are rotated or currently

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor being written, and regardless whether they belong to the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <para>All users are granted access to their private

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis per-user journals. However, by default only root and

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor users who are members of the <literal>adm</literal>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor group get access to the system journal and the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor journals of other users.</para>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </refsect1>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <refsect1>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <title>Options</title>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <para>The following options are understood:</para>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <variablelist>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--help</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>-h</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <listitem><para>Prints a short help

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor text and exits.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--version</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <listitem><para>Prints a short version

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor string and exits.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor pager.</para></listitem>

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--all</option></term>

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis <term><option>-a</option></term>

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis <listitem><para>Show all fields in

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor full, even if they include unprintable

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor characters or are very

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor long.</para></listitem>

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis </varlistentry>

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--follow</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>-f</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <listitem><para>Show only the most recent

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor journal entries, and continuously print

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor new entries as they are appended to

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor the journal.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--lines=</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>-n</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <listitem><para>Controls the number of

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor journal lines to show, counting from

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor the most recent ones. Takes a positive

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor integer argument. In follow mode

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis defaults to 10, otherwise is unset

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor thus not limiting how many lines are

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor shown.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--no-tail</option></term>

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh <listitem><para>Show all stored output

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis effect of

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis <option>--lines=</option>.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--output=</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>-o</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <listitem><para>Controls the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor formatting of the journal entries that

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor are shown. Takes one of

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>short</literal>,

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>short-monotonic</literal>,

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>verbose</literal>,

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <literal>export</literal>,

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>json</literal>,

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>json-pretty</literal>,

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>cat</literal>. <literal>short</literal>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor is the default and generates an output

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor that is mostly identical to the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor formatting of classic syslog log

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor files, showing one line per journal

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor entry. <literal>short-monotonic</literal>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor is very similar but shows monotonic

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor timestamps instead of wallclock

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis timestamps. <literal>verbose</literal>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor shows the full structured entry items

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor with all

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor fields. <literal>export</literal>

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis serializes the journal into a binary

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh (but mostly text-based) stream

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis suitable for backups and network

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis transfer (see <ulink

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor Export Format</ulink> for more

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor information). <literal>json</literal>

d28e54f867ab1292ce75324d90680396c1d5f47dlgentis formats entries as JSON data

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis structures, one per

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis line. <literal>json-pretty</literal>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor also formats entries as JSON data

d28e54f867ab1292ce75324d90680396c1d5f47dlgentis structures, but formats them in

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor multiple lines in order to make them

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor more readable for

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor humans. <literal>cat</literal>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor generates a very terse output only

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor showing the actual message of each

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor journal entry with no meta data, not

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor even a timestamp.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--quiet</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>-q</option></term>

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <listitem><para>Suppresses any warning

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor message regarding inaccessible system

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor journals when run as normal

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor user.</para></listitem>

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--merge</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>-m</option></term>

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh <listitem><para>Show entries

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh interleaved from all available

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis journals, including remote

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor ones.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--this-boot</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>-b</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <listitem><para>Show data only from

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor current boot.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--directory=</option></term>

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <term><option>-D</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <listitem><para>Takes an absolute

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor directory path as argument. If

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis specified journalctl will operate on the

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor specified journal directory instead of

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor the default runtime and system journal

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor paths.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>-p</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--priority=</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh <listitem><para>Filter output by

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh message priorities or priority

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh ranges. Takes either a single numeric

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh or textual log level (i.e. between

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh 0/<literal>emerg</literal> and

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor 7/<literal>debug</literal>), or a

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor range of numeric/text log levels in

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor the form FROM..TO. The log levels are

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor the usual syslog log levels as

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor documented in

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor i.e. <literal>emerg</literal> (0),

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>alert</literal> (1),

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>crit</literal> (2),

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>err</literal> (3),

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>warning</literal> (4),

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>notice</literal> (5),

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis <literal>info</literal> (6),

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <literal>debug</literal> (7). If a

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor single log level is specified all

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor messages with this log level or a

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor lower (hence more important) log level

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor are shown. If a range is specified all

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor messages within the range are shown,

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor including both the start and the end

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor value of the range.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

a025329610d2b832bb62bc34dd328985e14e8718lgentis

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--new-id128</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh <listitem><para>Instead of showing

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh journal contents generate a new 128

784fd1e5958e08cf05cd929c6e6b117b06adc2cflgentis bit ID suitable for identifying

70d39834fda98ce22bd29dc44c5fae5c9abe3a06humbedooh messages. This is intended for usage

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor by developers who need a new

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor identifier for a new message they

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor introduce and want to make

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor recognizable. Will print the new ID in

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor three different formats which can be

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor copied into source code or

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor similar.</para></listitem>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor </varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <varlistentry>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor <term><option>--header</option></term>

0066eddda7203f6345b56f77d146a759298dc635gryzor

<listitem><para>Instead of showing

journal contents show internal header

information of the journal fields

accessed.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--disk-usage</option></term>

<listitem><para>Shows the current disk

usage of all

journal files.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--setup-keys</option></term>

<listitem><para>Instead of showing

journal contents generate a new key

pair for Forward Secure Sealing

(FSS). This will generate a sealing

key and a verification key. The

sealing key is stored in the journal

data directory and shall remain on the

host. The verification key should be

stored externally.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--interval=</option></term>

<listitem><para>Specifies the change

interval for the sealing key, when

generating an FSS key pair with

<option>--setup-keys</option>. Shorter

intervals increase CPU consumption but

shorten the time range of

undetectable journal

alterations. Defaults to

15min.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--verify</option></term>

<listitem><para>Check the journal file

for internal consistency. If the

file has been generated with FSS

enabled, and the FSS verification key

has been specified with

<option>--verify-key=</option>

authenticity of the journal file is

verified.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>--verify-key=</option></term>

<listitem><para>Specifies the FSS

verification key to use for the

<option>--verify</option>

operation.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>Exit status</title>

<para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure

code otherwise.</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>Environment</title>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>

<listitem><para>Pager to use when

<option>--no-pager</option> is not given;

overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting

this to an empty string or the value

<literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing

<option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>Examples</title>

<para>Without arguments all collected logs are shown

unfiltered:</para>

<programlisting>journalctl</programlisting>

<para>With one match specified all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:</para>

<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service</programlisting>

<para>If two different fields are matched only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:</para>

<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097</programlisting>

<para>If two matches refer to the same field all entries matching either expression are shown:</para>

<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>

<para>If the separator "<literal>+</literal>" is used

two expressions may be combined in a logical OR. The

following will show all messages from the Avahi

service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages

from the D-Bus service (from any of its

processes):</para>

<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>

<para>Show all logs generated by the D-Bus executable:</para>

<programlisting>journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon</programlisting>

<para>Show all logs of the kernel device node <filename>/dev/sda</filename>:</para>

<programlisting>journalctl /dev/sda</programlisting>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>See Also</title>

<para>

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry>