journalctl.xml revision 409dee2e44e7dc73d6bf00d782938e4cb4105f5b
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann This file is part of systemd.
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann (at your option) any later version.
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann Lesser General Public License for more details.
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <refentryinfo>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <authorgroup>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </authorgroup>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </refentryinfo>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <refpurpose>Query the systemd journal</refpurpose>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </refnamediv>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <refsynopsisdiv>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <cmdsynopsis>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">MATCHES</arg>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </cmdsynopsis>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </refsynopsisdiv>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <para><command>journalctl</command> may be used to
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann query the contents of the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journal as written by
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <para>If called without parameters, it will show the full
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann entry collected.</para>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <para>If one or more match arguments are passed, the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann output is filtered accordingly. A match is in the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann referring to the components of a structured journal
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann are specified matching different fields, the log
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann will show only entries matching all the specified
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann field, then they are automatically matched as
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann entries matching any of the specified matches for the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann same field. Finally, if the character
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <literal>+</literal> appears as separate word on the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann command line, all matches before and after are combined
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <para>As shortcuts for a few types of field/value
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann matches, file paths may be specified. If a file path
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <literal>_EXE=</literal> match for the canonicalized
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann binary path. Similarly, if a path refers to a device
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann node, this is equivalent to a
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <literal>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</literal> match for the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann device.</para>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann being written, and regardless of whether they belong to the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <para>All users are granted access to their private
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann per-user journals. However, by default, only root and
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann users who are members of the <literal>adm</literal>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann group get access to the system journal and the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journals of other users.</para>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <para>The following options are understood:</para>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <variablelist>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <listitem><para>Show all (printable) fields in
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann full, even if they include unprintable
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann characters or are very
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journal entries, and continuously print
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann new entries as they are appended to
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann the end of the journal inside the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann implied pager tool. This implies
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann that the pager will not buffer logs of
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann unbounded size. This may be overridden
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann with some other numeric value on the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann command line. Note that this option is
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann only supported for the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journal events and limit the number of
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann events shown. If
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann this option is implied. The argument,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann a positive integer, is optional, and
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <option>--lines=</option>.</para></listitem>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <listitem><para>Reverse output, so the newest
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann entries are displayed first.</para></listitem>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann formatting of the journal entries that
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann are shown. Takes one of
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <literal>cat</literal>. <literal>short</literal>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann is the default and generates an output
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann that is mostly identical to the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann formatting of classic syslog
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann files, showing one line per journal
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann is very similar but shows monotonic
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann timestamps instead of wallclock
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann shows the full structured entry items
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann serializes the journal into a binary
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann (but mostly text-based) stream
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann suitable for backups and network
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann transfer (see <ulink
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann Export Format</ulink> for more
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann formats entries as JSON data
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann structures, one per
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann line (see <ulink
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/json">Journal
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann JSON Format</ulink> for more
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann information). <literal>json-pretty</literal>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann also formats entries as JSON data
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann structures, but formats them in
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann multiple lines in order to make them
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann more readable for
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann also formats entries as JSON data
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann structures, but wraps them in a format
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann suitable for <ulink
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann url="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Server-sent_events/Using_server-sent_events">Server-Sent
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann generates a very terse output only
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann showing the actual message of each
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journal entry with no meta data, not
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann explanation texts from the message
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann catalog. This will add explanatory
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann help texts to log messages in the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann output where this is available. These
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann short help texts will explain the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann context of an error or log event,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann possible solutions, as well as
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann pointers to support forums, developer
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann documentation and any other relevant
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann manuals. Note that help texts are not
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann available for all messages, but only
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann for selected ones. For more
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann information on the message catalog,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann please refer to the <ulink
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog">Message
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann Catalog Developer
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann message regarding inaccessible system
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journals when run as normal
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann interleaved from all available
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journals, including remote
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann current boot. This will add a match
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann the current boot ID of the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann current boot. This implies <option>-b</option>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann and adds the match <literal>_TRANSPORT=kernel</literal>.
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann specified systemd unit. This will add
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann a match for messages from the unit
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann and additional matches for messages
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann from systemd and messages about
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann coredumps for the specified unit.</para>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <para>This parameter can be specified multiple times.
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann specified user session unit. This will
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann add a match for messages from the unit
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann additional matches for messages from
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann session systemd and messages about
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann coredumps for the specified unit.</para>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <para>This parameter can be specified multiple times.
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
c6f3f5b4b3ec439ae911ca0644237d96fd31893eMarcel Holtmann message priorities or priority
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann ranges. Takes either a single numeric
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann or textual log level (i.e. between
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann the form FROM..TO. The log levels are
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann the usual syslog log levels as
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann documented in
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann single log level is specified, all
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann messages with this log level or a
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann lower (hence more important) log level
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann are shown. If a range is specified, all
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann messages within the range are shown,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann including both the start and the end
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann value of the range. This will add
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann for the specified
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann from the location in the journal
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann specified by the passed
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann on or newer than the specified date,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann or on or older than the specified
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann date, respectively. Date specifications
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann should be of the format
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann If the time part is omitted,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann If only the seconds component is omitted,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann date component is omitted, the current
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann day is assumed. Alternatively the strings
c4a3a17ee919e8b1197328394709edfe36d8b710Marcel Holtmann understood, which refer to 00:00:00 of
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann the day before the current day, the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann current day, or the day after the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann current day, respectively. <literal>now</literal>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann refers to the current time. Finally,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann relative times may be specified,
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann times before or after the current
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann data values the specified field can
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann take in all entries of the
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann system services and the kernel (with
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann messages from service of current user
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann If neither is specified, show all
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann messages that the user can see.
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <term><option>-D <replaceable>DIR</replaceable></option></term>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <term><option>--directory=<replaceable>DIR</replaceable></option></term>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann as argument. If specified, journalctl
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann will operate on the specified journal
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann of the default runtime and system
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <term><option>--file=<replaceable>GLOB</replaceable></option></term>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann argument. If specified, journalctl will
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann operate on the specified journal files
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann instead of the default runtime and
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann system journal paths. May be specified
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann multiple times, in which case files will
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <term><option>--root=<replaceable>ROOT</replaceable></option></term>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann as argument. If specified, journalctl
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann will operate on catalog file hierarchy
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann underneath the specified directory
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann instead of the root directory
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <filename><replaceable>ROOT</replaceable>/var/lib/systemd/catalog/database</filename>).
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journal contents, generate a new 128
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann bit ID suitable for identifying
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann messages. This is intended for usage
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann by developers who need a new
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann identifier for a new message they
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann introduce and want to make
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann recognizable. This will print the new ID in
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann three different formats which can be
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann copied into source code or
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann journal contents, show internal header
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann information of the journal fields
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
94f5bbc626f2a4102debd9b17c964170a887cb49Marcel Holtmann <optional><replaceable>ID128...</replaceable></optional>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann the message catalog, as table of
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann message IDs plus their short
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann description strings.</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann specified, only those entries are shown.
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <optional><replaceable>ID128...</replaceable></optional>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann the message catalog, with entries
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann separated by a line consisting of two
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann dashes and the id (the format is the
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann files.</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann specified, only those entries are shown.
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <term><option>--update-catalog</option></term>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann catalog index. This command needs to
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann be executed each time new catalog
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann files are installed, removed or
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann updated to rebuild the binary catalog
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann journal contents, generate a new key
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann pair for Forward Secure Sealing
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann (FSS). This will generate a sealing
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann key and a verification key. The
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann sealing key is stored in the journal
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann data directory and shall remain on the
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann host. The verification key should be
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann stored externally. Also see the
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann interval for the sealing key when
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann generating an FSS key pair with
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann intervals increase CPU consumption but
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann shorten the time range of
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann undetectable journal
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann alterations. Defaults to
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann for internal consistency. If the
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann file has been generated with FSS
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann enabled and the FSS verification key
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann has been specified with
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann authenticity of the journal file is
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
4b28cdeb2332cfbd3f5172b43a2f5f534b7e6e57Marcel Holtmann verification key to use for the
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </variablelist>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann code otherwise.</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann this to an empty string or the value
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </varlistentry>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann </variablelist>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <para>Without arguments, all collected logs are shown
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann unfiltered:</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <para>With one match specified, all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service</programlisting>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <para>If two different fields are matched, only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097</programlisting>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <para>If two matches refer to the same field, all entries matching either expression are shown:</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <para>If the separator <literal>+</literal> is used,
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann two expressions may be combined in a logical OR. The
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann following will show all messages from the Avahi
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann from the D-Bus service (from any of its
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann processes):</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <para>Show all logs generated by the D-Bus executable:</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <programlisting>journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon</programlisting>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <para>Show all logs of the kernel device node <filename noindex='true'>/dev/sda</filename>:</para>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <programlisting>journalctl /dev/sda</programlisting>
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
5476ad087c0f2d45ab0dab1bab9ef3e9d70418bcMarcel Holtmann <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>