6781N/A GNU Free Documentation License
6781N/A Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
6781N/A 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
6781N/A Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
6781N/A of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
6781N/AThe purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
6781N/Afunctional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
6781N/Aassure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
6781N/Awith or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
6781N/ASecondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
6781N/Ato get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
6781N/Afor modifications made by others.
6781N/AThis License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
6781N/Aworks of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
6781N/Acomplements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
6781N/Alicense designed for free software.
6781N/AWe have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
6781N/Asoftware, because free software needs free documentation: a free
6781N/Aprogram should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
6781N/Asoftware does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
6781N/Ait can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
6781N/Awhether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
6781N/Aprincipally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
6781N/A1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
6781N/AThis License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
6781N/Acontains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
6781N/Adistributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
6781N/Aworld-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
6781N/Awork under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
6781N/Arefers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
6781N/Alicensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
6781N/Acopy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
6781N/AA "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
6781N/ADocument or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
6781N/AA "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
6781N/Athe Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
6781N/Apublishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
6781N/A(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
6781N/Awithin that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
6781N/Atextbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
6781N/Amathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
6781N/Aconnection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
6781N/Acommercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
6781N/AThe "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
6781N/Aare designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
6781N/Athat says that the Document is released under this License. If a
6781N/Asection does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
6781N/Aallowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
6781N/AInvariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
6781N/ASections then there are none.
6781N/AThe "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
6781N/Aas Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
6781N/Athe Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
6781N/Abe at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
6781N/AA "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
6781N/Arepresented in a format whose specification is available to the
6781N/Ageneral public, that is suitable for revising the document
6781N/Astraightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
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6781N/Adrawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
6781N/Afor automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
6781N/Ato text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
6781N/Aformat whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
6781N/Aor discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
6781N/AAn image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
6781N/Aof text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
6781N/AExamples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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6781N/Aor XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
6781N/AHTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
6781N/Atransparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
6781N/Ainclude proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
6781N/Aproprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
and/or 6781N/Aprocessing tools are not generally available, and the
6781N/Amachine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
6781N/Aprocessors for output purposes only.
6781N/AThe "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
6781N/Aplus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
6781N/Athis License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
6781N/Aformats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
6781N/Athe text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
6781N/Apreceding the beginning of the body of the text.
6781N/AA section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
6781N/Atitle either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
6781N/Atext that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
6781N/Aspecific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
6781N/A"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
6781N/Aof such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
6781N/Asection "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
6781N/AThe Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
6781N/Astates that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
6781N/ADisclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
6781N/ALicense, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
6781N/Aimplication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
6781N/Ano effect on the meaning of this License.
6781N/AYou may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
6781N/Acommercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
6781N/Acopyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
6781N/Ato the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
6781N/Aconditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
6781N/Atechnical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
6781N/Acopying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
6781N/Acompensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
6781N/Anumber of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
6781N/AYou may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
6781N/Ayou may publicly display copies.
6781N/AIf you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
6781N/Aprinted covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
6781N/ADocument's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
6781N/Acopies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
6781N/ATexts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
6781N/Athe back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
6781N/Ayou as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
6781N/Athe full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
6781N/Avisible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
6781N/ACopying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
6781N/Athe title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
6781N/Aas verbatim copying in other respects.
6781N/AIf the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
6781N/Alegibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
6781N/Areasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
6781N/AIf you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
6781N/Amore than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
6781N/Acopy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
6781N/Aa computer-network location from which the general network-using
6781N/Apublic has access to download using public-standard network protocols
6781N/Aa complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
6781N/AIf you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
6781N/Awhen you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
6781N/Athat this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
6781N/Alocation until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
6781N/AOpaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
6781N/AIt is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
6781N/ADocument well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
6781N/Athem a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
6781N/AYou may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
6781N/Athe conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
6781N/Athe Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
6781N/AVersion filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
6781N/Aand modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
6781N/Aof it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
6781N/AA. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
6781N/A from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
6781N/A (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
6781N/A of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
6781N/A if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
6781N/AB. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
6781N/A responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
6781N/A Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
6781N/A Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
6781N/A unless they release you from this requirement.
6781N/AC. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
6781N/A Modified Version, as the publisher.
6781N/AD. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
6781N/AE. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
6781N/A adjacent to the other copyright notices.
6781N/AF. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
6781N/A giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
6781N/A terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
6781N/AG. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
6781N/A and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
6781N/AH. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
6781N/AI. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
6781N/A to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
6781N/A publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
6781N/A there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
6781N/A stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
6781N/A given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
6781N/A Version as stated in the previous sentence.
6781N/AJ. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
6781N/A public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
6781N/A the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
6781N/A it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
6781N/A You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
6781N/A least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
6781N/A publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
6781N/AK. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
6781N/A Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
6781N/A the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
6781N/AL. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
6781N/A unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
6781N/A or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
6781N/AM. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
6781N/A may not be included in the Modified Version.
6781N/AN. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
6781N/A or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
6781N/AO. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
6781N/AIf the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
6781N/Aappendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
6781N/Acopied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
6781N/Aof these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
6781N/Alist of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
6781N/AThese titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
6781N/AYou may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
6781N/Anothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
6781N/Aparties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
6781N/Abeen approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
6781N/AYou may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
6781N/Apassage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
6781N/Aof Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
6781N/AFront-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
6781N/Athrough arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
6781N/Aincludes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
6781N/Aby arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
6781N/Ayou may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
6781N/Apermission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
6781N/AThe author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
6781N/Agive permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
6781N/Aimply endorsement of any Modified Version.
6781N/AYou may combine the Document with other documents released under this
6781N/ALicense, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
6781N/Aversions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
6781N/AInvariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
6781N/Alist them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
6781N/Alicense notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
6781N/AThe combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
6781N/Amultiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
6781N/Acopy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
6781N/Adifferent contents, make the title of each such section unique by
6781N/Aadding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
6781N/Aauthor or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
6781N/AMake the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
6781N/AInvariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
6781N/AIn the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
6781N/Ain the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
6781N/A"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
6781N/Aand any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
6781N/AYou may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
6781N/Areleased under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
6781N/ALicense in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
6781N/Athe collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
6781N/Averbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
6781N/AYou may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
6781N/Ait individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
6781N/ALicense into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
6781N/Aother respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
6781N/A7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
6781N/AA compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
6781N/Aand independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
6781N/Adistribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
6781N/Aresulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
6781N/Aof the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
6781N/AWhen the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
6781N/Aapply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
6781N/Aderivative works of the Document.
6781N/AIf the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
6781N/Acopies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
6781N/Athe entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
6781N/Acovers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
6781N/Aelectronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
6781N/AOtherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
6781N/ATranslation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
6781N/Adistribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
6781N/AReplacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
6781N/Apermission from their copyright holders, but you may include
6781N/Atranslations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
6781N/Aoriginal versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
6781N/Atranslation of this License, and all the license notices in the
6781N/ADocument, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
6781N/Athe original English version of this License and the original versions
6781N/Aof those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
6781N/Athe translation and the original version of this License or a notice
6781N/Aor disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
6781N/AIf a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
6781N/A"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
6781N/Aits Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
6781N/AYou may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
6781N/Aas expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
6781N/Acopy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
6781N/Aautomatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
6781N/Aparties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
6781N/ALicense will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
6781N/Aparties remain in full compliance.
6781N/A10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
6781N/AThe Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
6781N/Aof the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
6781N/Aversions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
6781N/Adiffer in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
6781N/AEach version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
6781N/AIf the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
6781N/ALicense "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
6781N/Afollowing the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
6781N/Aof any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
6781N/AFree Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
6781N/Anumber of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
6781N/Aas a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
6781N/AADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
6781N/ATo use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
6781N/Athe License in the document and put the following copyright and
6781N/Alicense notices just after the title page:
6781N/A Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
6781N/A Permission is granted to copy, distribute
and/or modify this document
6781N/A under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
6781N/A or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
6781N/A with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
6781N/A A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
6781N/A Free Documentation License".
6781N/AIf you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
6781N/A with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
6781N/A Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
6781N/AIf you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
6781N/Acombination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
6781N/AIf your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
6781N/Arecommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
6781N/Afree software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
6781N/Ato permit their use in free software.