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0N/A <title>RMI connector</title>
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0N/A <p>The RMI connector is a connector for the JMX Remote API that
0N/A uses RMI to transmit client requests to a remote MBean server.
0N/A This package defines the classes that the user of an RMI
0N/A connector needs to reference directly, for both the client and
0N/A server sides. It also defines certain classes that the user
0N/A will not usually reference directly, but that must be defined so
0N/A that different implementations of the RMI connector can
0N/A interoperate.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>The RMI connector supports both the JRMP and the IIOP transports
0N/A for RMI.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>Like most connectors in the JMX Remote API, an RMI connector
0N/A usually has an address, which
0N/A is a {@link javax.management.remote.JMXServiceURL
0N/A JMXServiceURL}. The protocol part of this address is
0N/A <code>rmi</code> for a connector that uses the default RMI
0N/A transport (JRMP), or <code>iiop</code> for a connector that
0N/A uses RMI/IIOP.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>There are two forms for RMI connector addresses:</p>
0N/A
0N/A <ul>
0N/A <li>
0N/A In the <em>JNDI form</em>, the URL indicates <em>where to find
0N/A an RMI stub for the connector</em>. This RMI stub is a Java
0N/A object of type {@link javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServer
0N/A RMIServer} that gives remote access to the connector server.
0N/A With this address form, the RMI stub is obtained from an
0N/A external directory entry included in the URL. An external
0N/A directory is any directory recognized by {@link javax.naming
0N/A JNDI}, typically the RMI registry, LDAP, or COS Naming.
0N/A
0N/A <li>
0N/A In the <em>encoded form</em>, the URL directly includes the
0N/A information needed to connect to the connector server. When
0N/A using RMI/JRMP, the encoded form is the serialized RMI stub
0N/A for the server object, encoded using BASE64 without embedded
0N/A newlines. When using RMI/IIOP, the encoded form is the CORBA
0N/A IOR for the server object.
0N/A </ul>
0N/A
0N/A <p>Addresses are covered in more detail below.</p>
0N/A
0N/A
0N/A <h3>Creating an RMI connector server</h3>
0N/A
0N/A <p>The usual way to create an RMI connector server is to supply an
0N/A RMI connector address to the method {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.JMXConnectorServerFactory#newJMXConnectorServer
0N/A JMXConnectorServerFactory.newJMXConnectorServer}. The MBean
0N/A server to which the connector server is attached can be
0N/A specified as a parameter to that method. Alternatively, the
0N/A connector server can be registered as an MBean in that MBean
0N/A server.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>An RMI connector server can also be created by constructing an
0N/A instance of {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectorServer
0N/A RMIConnectorServer}, explicitly or through the MBean server's
0N/A <code>createMBean</code> method.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <h4>Choosing the RMI transport</h4>
0N/A
0N/A <p>You can choose the RMI transport (JRMP or IIOP) by specifying
0N/A <code>rmi</code> or <code>iiop</code> in the
0N/A <code><em>protocol</em></code> part of the
0N/A <code>serviceURL</code> when creating the connector server. You
0N/A can also create specialised connector servers by instantiating
0N/A an appropriate subclass of {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl RMIServerImpl} and
0N/A supplying it to the <code>RMIConnectorServer</code>
0N/A constructor.</p>
0N/A
0N/A
0N/A <h4><a name="servergen">Connector addresses generated by the
0N/A server</a></h4>
0N/A
0N/A <p>If the <code>serviceURL</code> you specify has an empty URL
0N/A path (after the optional host and port), or if you do not
0N/A specify a <code>serviceURL</code>, then the connector server
0N/A will fabricate a new <code>JMXServiceURL</code> that clients can
0N/A use to connect:</p>
0N/A
0N/A <ul>
0N/A
0N/A <li><p>If the <code>serviceURL</code> looks like:</p>
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:rmi://<em>host</em>:<em>port</em></code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A <p>then the connector server will generate an {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIJRMPServerImpl
0N/A RMIJRMPServerImpl} and the returned <code>JMXServiceURL</code>
0N/A looks like:</p>
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:rmi://<em>host</em>:<em>port</em>/stub/<em>XXXX</em></code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A <p>where <code><em>XXXX</em></code> is the serialized form of the
0N/A stub for the generated object, encoded in BASE64 without
0N/A newlines.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <li><p>If the <code>serviceURL</code> looks like:</p>
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:iiop://<em>host</em>:<em>port</em></code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A <p>then the connector server will generate an {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIIIOPServerImpl
0N/A RMIIIOPServerImpl} and the returned
0N/A <code>JMXServiceURL</code> looks like:</p>
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:iiop://<em>host</em>:<em>port</em>/ior/IOR:<em>XXXX</em></code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A <p>where <code>IOR:<em>XXXX</em></code> is the standard CORBA
0N/A encoding of the Interoperable Object Reference for the
0N/A generated object.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <li><p>If there is no <code>serviceURL</code>, there must be a
0N/A user-provided <code>RMIServerImpl</code>. If the {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl#toStub toStub}
0N/A method on this object returns an instance of {@link
0N/A javax.rmi.CORBA.Stub}, then the connector server will generate
0N/A a <code>JMXServiceURL</code> using the <code>iiop</code>
0N/A form above. Otherwise, it will generate a
0N/A <code>JMXServiceURL</code> using the <code>rmi</code>
0N/A form.</p>
0N/A
0N/A </ul>
0N/A
0N/A <p>The <code><em>host</em></code> in a user-provided
0N/A <code>serviceURL</code> is optional. If present, it is copied
0N/A into the generated <code>JMXServiceURL</code> but otherwise
0N/A ignored. If absent, the generated <code>JXMServiceURL</code>
0N/A will have the local host name.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>The <code><em>port</em></code> in a user-provided
0N/A <code>serviceURL</code> is also optional. If present, it is
0N/A also copied into the generated <code>JMXServiceURL</code>;
0N/A otherwise, the generated <code>JMXServiceURL</code> has no port.
0N/A For an <code>serviceURL</code> using the <code>rmi</code>
0N/A protocol, the <code><em>port</em></code>, if present, indicates
0N/A what port the generated remote object should be exported on. It
0N/A has no other effect.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>If the user provides an <code>RMIServerImpl</code> rather than a
0N/A <code>JMXServiceURL</code>, then the generated
0N/A <code>JMXServiceURL</code> will have the local host name in its
0N/A <code><em>host</em></code> part and no
0N/A <code><em>port</em></code>.</p>
0N/A
0N/A
0N/A <h4><a name="directory">Connector addresses based on directory
0N/A entries</a></h4>
0N/A
0N/A <p>As an alternative to the generated addresses just described,
0N/A the <code>serviceURL</code> address supplied when creating a
0N/A connector server can specify a <em>directory address</em> in
0N/A which to store the provided or generated <code>RMIServer</code>
0N/A stub. This directory address is then used by both client and
0N/A server.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>In this case, the <code>serviceURL</code> has one of these two
0N/A forms:</p>
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:rmi://<em>host</em>:<em>port</em>/jndi/<em>jndi-name</em></code>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:iiop://<em>host</em>:<em>port</em>/jndi/<em>jndi-name</em></code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A <p>Here, <code><em>jndi-name</em></code> is a string that can be
0N/A supplied to {@link javax.naming.InitialContext#bind
0N/A javax.naming.InitialContext.bind}.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>As usual, the <code><em>host</em></code> and
0N/A <code>:<em>port</em></code> can be omitted.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>The connector server will generate an
0N/A <code>RMIServerImpl</code> based on the protocol
0N/A (<code>rmi</code> or <code>iiop</code>) and, for
0N/A <code>rmi</code>, the <code><em>port</em></code> if any. When
0N/A the connector server is started, it will derive a stub from this
0N/A object using its {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl#toStub toStub} method
0N/A and store the object using the given
0N/A <code><em>jndi-name</em></code>. The properties defined by the
0N/A JNDI API are consulted as usual.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>For example, if the <code>JMXServiceURL</code> is:
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:rmi://ignoredhost/jndi/rmi://myhost/myname</code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A then the connector server will generate an
0N/A <code>RMIJRMPServerImpl</code> and store its stub using the JNDI
0N/A name
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>rmi://myhost/myname</code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A which means entry <code>myname</code> in the RMI registry
0N/A running on the default port of host <code>myhost</code>. Note
0N/A that the RMI registry only allows registration from the local
0N/A host. So, in this case, <code>myhost</code> must be the name
0N/A (or a name) of the host that the connector server is running
0N/A on.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>In this <code>JMXServiceURL</code>, the first <code>rmi:</code>
0N/A specifies the RMI
0N/A connector, while the second <code>rmi:</code> specifies the RMI
0N/A registry.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>As another example, if the <code>JMXServiceURL</code> is:
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:iiop://ignoredhost/jndi/ldap://dirhost:9999/cn=this,ou=that</code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A then the connector server will generate an
0N/A <code>RMIIIOPServerImpl</code> and store its stub using the JNDI
0N/A name
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>ldap://dirhost:9999/cn=this,ou=that</code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A which means entry <code>cn=this,ou=that</code> in the LDAP
0N/A directory running on port 9999 of host <code>dirhost</code>.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>If the <code>JMXServiceURL</code> is:
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:iiop://ignoredhost/jndi/cn=this,ou=that</code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A then the connector server will generate an
0N/A <code>RMIIIOPServerImpl</code> and store its stub using the JNDI
0N/A name
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>cn=this,ou=that</code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A For this case to work, the JNDI API must have been configured
0N/A appropriately to supply the information about what directory to
0N/A use.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>In these examples, the host name <code>ignoredhost</code> is
0N/A not used by the connector server or its clients. It can be
0N/A omitted, for example:</p>
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:iiop:///jndi/cn=this,ou=that</code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A <p>However, it is good practice to use the name of the host
0N/A where the connector server is running. This is often different
0N/A from the name of the directory host.</p>
0N/A
0N/A
0N/A <h4>Connector server attributes</h4>
0N/A
0N/A <p>When using the default JRMP transport, RMI socket factories can
0N/A be specified using the attributes
0N/A <code>jmx.remote.rmi.client.socket.factory</code> and
0N/A <code>jmx.remote.rmi.server.socket.factory</code> in the
0N/A <code>environment</code> given to the
0N/A <code>RMIConnectorServer</code> constructor. The values of these
0N/A attributes must be of type {@link
0N/A java.rmi.server.RMIClientSocketFactory} and {@link
0N/A java.rmi.server.RMIServerSocketFactory}, respectively. These
0N/A factories are used when creating the RMI objects associated with
0N/A the connector.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <h3>Creating an RMI connector client</h3>
0N/A
0N/A <p>An RMI connector client is usually constructed using {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.JMXConnectorFactory}, with a
0N/A <code>JMXServiceURL</code> that has <code>rmi</code> or
0N/A <code>iiop</code> as its protocol.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>If the <code>JMXServiceURL</code> was generated by the server,
0N/A as described above under <a href="#servergen">"connector
0N/A addresses generated by the server"</a>, then the client will
0N/A need to obtain it directly or indirectly from the server.
0N/A Typically, the server makes the <code>JMXServiceURL</code>
0N/A available by storing it in a file or a lookup service.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>If the <code>JMXServiceURL</code> uses the directory syntax, as
0N/A described above under <a href="#directory">"connector addresses
0N/A based on directory entries"</a>, then the client may obtain it
0N/A as just explained, or client and server may both know the
0N/A appropriate directory entry to use. For example, if the
0N/A connector server for the Whatsit agent uses the entry
0N/A <code>whatsit-agent-connector</code> in the RMI registry on host
0N/A <code>myhost</code>, then client and server can both know
0N/A that the appropriate <code>JMXServiceURL</code> is:</p>
0N/A
0N/A <pre>
0N/A <code>service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://myhost/whatsit-agent-connector</code>
0N/A </pre>
0N/A
0N/A <p>If you have an RMI stub of type {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServer RMIServer}, you can
0N/A construct an RMI connection directly by using the appropriate
0N/A constructor of {@link javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnector
0N/A RMIConnector}.</p>
0N/A
0N/A
0N/A <h3>Specifying an ORB for the RMI/IIOP connector</h3>
0N/A
0N/A <p>When using the IIOP transport, the client and server can
0N/A specify what ORB to use
0N/A with the attribute <code>java.naming.corba.orb</code>.
0N/A Connection to the ORB happens at {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectorServer#start() start} time
0N/A for the connector server, and at {@link
0N/A javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnector#connect(java.util.Map)
0N/A connect} time for the connector client.
0N/A If the <code>java.naming.corba.orb</code> attribute is contained
0N/A in the environment Map, then its value (an {@link
0N/A org.omg.CORBA.ORB ORB}), is used to connect the IIOP Stubs.
0N/A Otherwise, a new org.omg.CORBA.ORB is created by calling {@link
0N/A org.omg.CORBA.ORB
0N/A org.omg.CORBA.ORB.init((String[])null,(Properties)null)}. A
0N/A later RMI connector client or server in the same JVM can reuse
0N/A this ORB, or it can create another one in the same way.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>If the <code>java.naming.corba.orb</code> attribute is
0N/A specified and does not point to an {@link org.omg.CORBA.ORB ORB},
0N/A then an <code>{@link java.lang.IllegalArgumentException}</code>
0N/A will be thrown.</p>
0N/A
0N/A <p>The mechanism described here does not apply when the IIOP
0N/A Remote objects (Stubs or Servers) are created and connected to
0N/A an ORB manually before being passed to the RMIConnector and
0N/A RMIConnectorServer.</p>
0N/A
0N/A
0N/A <h3>Dynamic code downloading</h3>
0N/A
0N/A <p>If an RMI connector client or server receives from its peer an
0N/A instance of a class that it does not know, and if dynamic code
0N/A downloading is active for the RMI connection, then the class can
0N/A be downloaded from a codebase specified by the peer. The
0N/A article <a
0N/A href="{@docRoot}/technotes/guides/rmi/codebase.html"><em>Dynamic
0N/A code downloading using Java RMI</em></a> explains this in more
0N/A detail.</p>
0N/A
0N/A
0N/A @see <a href="{@docRoot}/technotes/guides/rmi/index.html">
0N/A Java<sup><font size="-1">TM</font></sup> Remote Method
0N/A Invocation (RMI)</a>
0N/A
0N/A @see <a href="{@docRoot}/technotes/guides/jndi/index.html">
0N/A Java Naming and Directory Interface<sup><font
0N/A size="-1">TM</font></sup> (JNDI)</a>
0N/A
0N/A @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045,
0N/A section 6.8, "Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding"</a>
0N/A
0N/A
0N/A @since 1.5
0N/A
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