4491N/A# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4491N/A# This code is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it
4491N/A# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
4491N/A# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
4491N/A# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
4491N/A# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
4491N/A# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
4491N/A# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
4491N/A# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
4491N/A# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
4491N/A# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
4491N/A# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
4491N/A# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
4491N/A# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
1627N/A# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
1627N/A# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
0N/A# This file also includes Pacific islands.
0N/A# Notes are at the end of this file
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
0N/ARule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
0N/ARule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
0N/ARule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
0N/A# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
0N/A# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
0N/A# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/A 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
0N/A 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
0N/A# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
0N/A# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
0N/A# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
0N/A# Queensland ceased to.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
0N/A# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
0N/A# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
0N/A# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/A 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
3554N/ARule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
3554N/ARule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
3554N/ARule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
3554N/ARule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
3554N/ARule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
3554N/ARule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
0N/A# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
0N/A 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
0N/A 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
0N/A 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
0N/A 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/ARule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
0N/ARule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
0N/ARule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
0N/ARule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
0N/ARule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
0N/ARule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
0N/ARule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
0N/A 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
0N/A# Australian miscellany
0N/A# Ashmore Is, Cartier
0N/A# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
0N/A# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
6115N/A# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
6115N/A# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
6115N/A# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
6115N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
6115N/A# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
6115N/A# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
6115N/A# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
6115N/A 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
6115N/A 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
6115N/A 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
0N/A# From Shanks & Pottenger:
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
0N/ARule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
0N/A# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
0N/A# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
6313N/A# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
2171N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
2171N/A# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
2171N/A# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
2171N/A# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
2171N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
2171N/A# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
2209N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
2209N/A# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
2209N/A# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
2209N/A# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
2209N/A# A bit more background info here:
2972N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
5585N/A# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
2972N/A# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
5585N/A# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
4488N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
5585N/A# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
4488N/A# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
5585N/A# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
5585N/A# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
4488N/A# 2am on February 26 next year.
4941N/A# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
4941N/A# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
4941N/A# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
4941N/A# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
4941N/A# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
4941N/A# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
4941N/A# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
5585N/A# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
5585N/A# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
5585N/A# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
5585N/A# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
5585N/A# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):
5585N/A# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
2171N/ARule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
2209N/ARule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
5585N/ARule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S
2972N/ARule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
5585N/ARule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
0N/A -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
0N/A -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
0N/A# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
0N/A 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
0N/A 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
0N/A -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
0N/A -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
0N/A 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
0N/A 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
0N/A 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
0N/A -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2644N/A 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
0N/A 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
0N/A 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
0N/A 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
0N/ARule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
0N/ARule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
0N/ARule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
0N/ARule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
0N/ARule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
0N/ARule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
0N/A# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
0N/A# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
0N/ARule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
0N/ARule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
0N/ARule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
0N/ARule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
0N/ARule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
0N/ARule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
0N/ARule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
0N/ARule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
0N/ARule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
0N/ARule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
0N/ARule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
0N/ARule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
0N/ARule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
0N/ARule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
0N/ARule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
0N/ARule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
0N/ARule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
0N/ARule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
0N/A 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
0N/A# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
0N/A# and scientific personnel have wintered
0N/A# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
0N/A# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
0N/A# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
0N/A -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
0N/A 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
0N/A 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
0N/A -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
0N/A -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
0N/A -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
0N/A -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
0N/A -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
0N/A -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
2209N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
2209N/A# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
2209N/A# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
2209N/A# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
2209N/A# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
4395N/A# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
2972N/A# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
2972N/A# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
2972N/A# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
2972N/A# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
4395N/A# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
3732N/A# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
3732N/A# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
3732N/A# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
3732N/A# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
3732N/A# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
3732N/A# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
3732N/A# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
3732N/A# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
3732N/A# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
3732N/A# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
4395N/A# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
4395N/A# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
4395N/A# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
4395N/A# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
4395N/A# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
4395N/A# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
4395N/A# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
4395N/A# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
4395N/A# International Date Line Bill 2011
4395N/A# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
4395N/A# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
4395N/A# Line, and for related purposes.
4395N/A# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
4395N/A# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
4395N/A# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
4395N/A# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
4395N/A# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
4395N/A# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
4395N/A# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
4395N/A# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
4395N/A# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
4395N/A# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
4395N/A# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
4395N/A# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
4395N/A# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
4395N/A# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
4395N/A# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
4395N/A# it defines Samoa standard time....
4395N/A# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
4395N/A# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
4395N/A# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
4395N/A# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
4395N/A# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
4395N/A# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
4395N/A# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
4941N/A# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
4941N/A# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
4941N/A# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
4941N/A# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
5592N/A# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
5592N/A# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
5592N/A# Please find link below for more information.
5592N/A# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
5592N/A# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
5592N/A# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
5592N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
5592N/ARule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
5592N/ARule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
5592N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
0N/A -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
3732N/A -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
4395N/A -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
4395N/A -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
5592N/A 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
0N/A# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
4941N/A# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
4941N/A# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
5585N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
5585N/A# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
5585N/A# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
5585N/A# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
5585N/A# actually was to UTC-11 back then.
5585N/A# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
5585N/A# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
5585N/A# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
5585N/A# was "11 hours slow on
G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
5585N/A# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
5585N/A -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
0N/A# US minor outlying islands
0N/A# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
0N/A# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
0N/A# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942;
U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
0N/A# uninhabited thereafter.
0N/A# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
0N/A# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
0N/A# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
0N/A# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
0N/A# until they were abandoned after the war.
0N/A# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
0N/A# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
0N/A# uninhabited thereafter.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
0N/A# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by
R.E.G. Davies,
0N/A# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
0N/A# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
0N/A# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
0N/A# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
0N/A# designations that I've never seen before:....
0N/A# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor),
H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
0N/A# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . .
M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
0N/A -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
0N/A -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
0N/A -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
0N/A -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
0N/A -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
0N/A# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6313N/A# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
6313N/A# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
0N/A# A good source for time zone historical data outside the
U.S. is
0N/A# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
0N/A# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
0N/A# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
0N/A# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
0N/A# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
0N/A# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
0N/A# of the IATA's data after 1990.
0N/A# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
0N/A# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
0N/A# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
0N/A# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
0N/A# I found in the UCLA library.
6313N/A# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
6313N/A# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
0N/A# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
0N/A# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
0N/A# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
0N/A# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
0N/A# Corrections are welcome!
0N/A# LMT Local Mean Time
0N/A# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
0N/A# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
0N/A# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
0N/A# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
0N/A# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
0N/A# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
0N/A# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
0N/A# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
0N/A# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
0N/A# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
0N/A# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
0N/A# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
0N/A# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
0N/A# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
0N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
0N/A# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
0N/A# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
0N/A# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
0N/A# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
0N/A# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
0N/A# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
0N/A# abbreviation does _not_ change...
0N/A# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
0N/A# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
0N/A# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
0N/A# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
0N/A# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
0N/A# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
0N/A# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
0N/A# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
0N/A# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
0N/A# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
0N/A# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
0N/A# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
0N/A# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
0N/A# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
0N/A# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
0N/A# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
0N/A# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
0N/A# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
0N/A# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
0N/A# versus "AEST" etc.:
0N/A# I see the following points of dispute:
0N/A# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
0N/A# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
0N/A# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
0N/A# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
0N/A# (
e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
0N/A# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
0N/A# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
0N/A# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
0N/A# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
0N/A# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
0N/A# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
0N/A# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
0N/A# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
0N/A# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
0N/A# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
0N/A# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
0N/A# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
0N/A# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
0N/A# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
0N/A# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
0N/A# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
0N/A# the word "Australian"?
0N/A# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
0N/A# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
0N/A# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
0N/A# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
0N/A# following count of page hits:
0N/A# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
0N/A# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
0N/A# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
0N/A# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
0N/A# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
0N/A# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
0N/A# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
0N/A# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
0N/A# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
0N/A# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
0N/A# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
0N/A# are the hit counts anyway:
0N/A# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
0N/A# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
0N/A# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
0N/A# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
0N/A# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
0N/A# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
0N/A# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
0N/A# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
0N/A# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
0N/A# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
0N/A# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
0N/A# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
0N/A# the ambiguities involved.
0N/A# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
0N/A# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
0N/A# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
0N/A# understood in Australia.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
0N/A# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
0N/A# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
0N/A# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
0N/A# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
0N/A# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
0N/A# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
0N/A# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
0N/A# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
0N/A# relevant entries in this database.
0N/A# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
0N/A# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
0N/A# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
0N/A# Standard Time Act, 1898
0N/A# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
0N/A# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
0N/A# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
0N/A# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
0N/A# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
0N/A# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
0N/A# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
0N/A# to extend DST together in 2006.
0N/A# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
0N/A# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
0N/A# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy
N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
0N/A# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
0N/A# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
0N/A# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
0N/A# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
0N/A# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy
W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
0N/A# #
W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
0N/A# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
0N/A# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
0N/A# # before reaching parliament.
0N/A# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
0N/A# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
0N/A# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
0N/A# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
0N/A# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
0N/A# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
0N/A# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
0N/A#
W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
0N/A# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
0N/A# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
0N/A# it matches what was used in the past.
0N/A# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
0N/A# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
0N/A# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
0N/A# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
0N/A# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
0N/A# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
0N/A# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
0N/A# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
0N/A# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
0N/A# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
0N/A# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
0N/A# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
0N/A# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
0N/A# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
0N/A# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
0N/A#
...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
0N/A# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
0N/A# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
0N/A# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
0N/A# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
0N/A# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
0N/A# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
0N/A# WA are trialing DST for three years.
0N/A# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
0N/A# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
0N/A# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
0N/A# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
0N/A# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
0N/A# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
0N/A# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
0N/A# Australia and Western Australia....
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
0N/A# This is confirmed by the section entitled
0N/A# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
0N/A# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
0N/A# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
0N/A# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
0N/A# coast of the continent.
0N/A# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
0N/A# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
0N/A# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
0N/A# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
0N/A# the largest population centre in this zone....
0N/A# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
0N/A# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
0N/A# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
0N/A# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
0N/A# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
0N/A# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
0N/A# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
0N/A# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
0N/A# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
0N/A# introduction of standard time in 1895.
0N/A# southeast Australia
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
0N/A# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
0N/A# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
0N/A# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
0N/A# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
0N/A#
...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
0N/A# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
0N/A# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
0N/A# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of
S.A. Dept of Labour ]
0N/A# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
0N/A# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
0N/A# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
0N/A# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
0N/A# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
0N/A# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
0N/A# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
0N/A# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
0N/A# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
0N/A# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
0N/A# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
0N/A# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
0N/A# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
0N/A# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
0N/A# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
0N/A# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
0N/A# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
0N/A# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
0N/A# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
0N/A# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
0N/A# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
0N/A# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
0N/A# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
0N/A# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
0N/A# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
0N/A# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
0N/A# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
0N/A# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
0N/A# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
0N/A# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
0N/A# (but nothing new about that).
0N/A# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
0N/A# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
0N/A# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
0N/A# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
0N/A# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
0N/A# instead of the first Sunday in October.
0N/A# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
0N/A# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
0N/A# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
0N/A# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
0N/A# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
0N/A# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
0N/A# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
0N/A# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
0N/A# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
0N/A# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
0N/A# in Melbourne, Australia.
0N/A# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
0N/A# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
0N/A# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
0N/A# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
0N/A# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
0N/A# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
0N/A# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
0N/A# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
0N/A# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
0N/A# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
0N/A# From Arthur David Olson:
0N/A# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
0N/A# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
0N/A# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
0N/A# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
0N/A# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
0N/A# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
0N/A# legislation. This is very important to understand.
0N/A# I have researched New South Wales time only...
0N/A# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
0N/A# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
0N/A# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
0N/A# Two months more daylight saving
0N/A# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
0N/A# See the following official NSW source:
0N/A# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
0N/A# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
0N/A# daylight saving next year. See:
0N/A# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
0N/A# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
0N/A# Victoria will following NSW. See:
0N/A# Vic to extend daylight saving
0N/A# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
0N/A# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
0N/A# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
0N/A# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
0N/A# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
0N/A# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
0N/A# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
0N/A# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
0N/A# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
0N/A# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
0N/A# Broken Hill to be behind the times
0N/A# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
0N/A# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
0N/A# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
0N/A# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
0N/A# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
0N/A# towns to use Queensland time.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
0N/A# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
0N/A# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
0N/A# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
0N/A# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
0N/A# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
0N/A# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
0N/A# # New South Wales side of the
S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
0N/A# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
0N/A# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with
N.S.W. There have
0N/A# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
0N/A# # presently available.
0N/A# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
0N/A# [followed by other Rules]
0N/A# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
0N/A# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
0N/A# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
0N/A# hour ahead of NSW time.
0N/A# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
0N/A# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
0N/A# date as the rest of NSW (
i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
0N/A# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
0N/A# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
0N/A# arrangements on the Island,
e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
4395N/A# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
0N/A# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
0N/A# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
0N/A# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
0N/A# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
0N/A# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
0N/A# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
0N/A# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
0N/A# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
0N/A# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
0N/A# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
0N/A# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1627N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
5585N/A# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
5585N/A# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1627N/A# summer (southern hemisphere).
5585N/A# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1627N/A# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
5585N/A# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1627N/A# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
5585N/A# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
5585N/A# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1627N/A# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
0N/A# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
0N/A# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
0N/A# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
0N/A# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
0N/A# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
0N/A# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
0N/A# # or is Australia the west island of
N.Z. 0N/A# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland
N.Z. ]
0N/A# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
0N/A# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
0N/A# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
0N/A# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
0N/A# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
0N/A# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
0N/A# rather than the October 1 value.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
0N/A# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
0N/A# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
0N/A# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
0N/A# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
0N/A# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
0N/A# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
0N/A# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
0N/A# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
0N/A# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
0N/A# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
0N/A# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
0N/A# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
0N/A# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
0N/A# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
0N/A# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
0N/A# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
0N/A# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
0N/A# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
0N/A# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
0N/A# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
0N/A# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
0N/A# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
0N/A# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
0N/A# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
0N/A# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
0N/A# Johnston data is from usno1995.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
0N/A# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
4395N/A# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
0N/A# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
0N/A# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
0N/A# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
0N/A# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
0N/A# going from 11:59
p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
0N/A# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
0N/A# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
0N/A# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
0N/A# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
0N/A# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
0N/A# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
0N/A# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
0N/A# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
0N/A# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
0N/A# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
0N/A# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
0N/A# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
0N/A# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
0N/A# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
0N/A# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
0N/A# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
0N/A# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
0N/A# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
0N/A# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
0N/A# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
0N/A# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
0N/A# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
0N/A# air at 6am your time.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
0N/A# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
0N/A# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
0N/A# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
0N/A# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
0N/A# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
0N/A# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
0N/A# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
0N/A# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
0N/A# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
0N/A# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
0N/A# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
0N/A# somehow in light of this proclamation.
0N/A# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
0N/A# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
0N/A# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
0N/A# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
0N/A# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
0N/A# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
0N/A# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
0N/A# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
0N/A# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
0N/A# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
0N/A# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
0N/A# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
0N/A# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
0N/A# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
0N/A# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
0N/A# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
0N/A# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
0N/A# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
0N/A# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
0N/A# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
0N/A# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
0N/A# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
0N/A# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
0N/A# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
0N/A# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
0N/A# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
0N/A# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
0N/A# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
0N/A# minutes we have lost?"
0N/A# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
0N/A# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
0N/A# to say your prayers in the morning."
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
0N/A# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
0N/A# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
0N/A# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
0N/A# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
0N/A# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
0N/A# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
0N/A# I was given this link by John Letts:
0N/A# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
0N/A# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
0N/A# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
0N/A# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
0N/A# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
0N/A# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
0N/A# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
0N/A# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
0N/A# set back an hour on the closing date."
0N/A# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
0N/A# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
0N/A# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
0N/A# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
0N/A# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
0N/A# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
0N/A# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
0N/A# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
0N/A# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
0N/A# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
0N/A# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
0N/A# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
0N/A# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
0N/A# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
0N/A# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
0N/A# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
0N/A# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
0N/A# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
0N/A# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
0N/A# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
0N/A# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
0N/A# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
0N/A# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
0N/A# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# The International Date Line
0N/A# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
0N/A# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
0N/A# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
0N/A# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
0N/A# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
0N/A# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
0N/A# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
0N/A# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
0N/A# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
0N/A# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
0N/A# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
0N/A# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
0N/A# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
0N/A# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
0N/A# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
0N/A# correct date is ambiguous.
0N/A# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
0N/A# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
0N/A# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
0N/A# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
0N/A# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
0N/A# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
0N/A# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
0N/A# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
0N/A# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
0N/A# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
0N/A# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
0N/A# independent merchant ships until World War II.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
0N/A# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
0N/A# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
0N/A# international waters; it ignores the international date line.