4491N/A# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4491N/A# This code is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it
4491N/A# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
4491N/A# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
4491N/A# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
4491N/A# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
4491N/A# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
4491N/A# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
4491N/A# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
4491N/A# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
4491N/A# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
4491N/A# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
4491N/A# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
4491N/A# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
1627N/A# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
1627N/A# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
0N/A# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
0N/A# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6313N/A# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
6313N/A# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
0N/A# A good source for time zone historical data outside the
U.S. is
0N/A# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
0N/A# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
0N/A# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
0N/A# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
0N/A# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
0N/A# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
0N/A# of the IATA's data after 1990.
0N/A# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
0N/A# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
0N/A# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
0N/A# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
0N/A# I found in the UCLA library.
6313N/A# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
6313N/A# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
0N/A# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
0N/A# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
0N/A# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
0N/A# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
0N/A# Corrections are welcome!
0N/A# LMT Local Mean Time
0N/A# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
0N/A# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
0N/A# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
0N/A# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
0N/A# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
0N/A# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
0N/A# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
0N/A# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
0N/A# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
0N/A# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
0N/A# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
0N/A# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
0N/A# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
0N/A# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
0N/A# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
0N/ARule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
0N/ARule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
0N/ARule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
0N/ARule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/ARule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
0N/A# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
0N/A# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
0N/A# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
0N/A# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
0N/A# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
0N/A# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
0N/A# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
4941N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
4941N/A# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
4941N/A# follow Russia's "old" rules.
4941N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
4941N/A# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
4941N/A# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
4941N/A# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
4941N/A# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
0N/A 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
0N/A 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
0N/A 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
4941N/A 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
0N/A# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
0N/A# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
0N/A 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
0N/A 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
0N/A 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
0N/A 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
0N/A 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1627N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
1627N/A# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
1627N/A# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
1627N/A# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
1627N/A# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
1627N/A# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
1627N/A# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
1627N/A# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
1627N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
1627N/A# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
1627N/A# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
1627N/A# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
5585N/A# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
5585N/A# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
5585N/A# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
1627N/A# No DST end date has been announced yet.
1913N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
5585N/A# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
5585N/A# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
1913N/A# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
1913N/A# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
1913N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
1913N/A# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
5585N/A# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
5585N/A# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
1913N/A# "continue for an indefinite period."
1913N/A# One of many places where it is published:
2171N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
2171N/A# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
2171N/A# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
2171N/A# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
2171N/A# "
...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
2171N/A# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
2171N/A# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
2171N/A# Minister's Office last night..."
2216N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
2216N/A# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
5585N/A# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
2171N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2171N/ARule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
2209N/ARule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
0N/A 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
0N/A 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
0N/A 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
0N/A# British Indian Ocean Territory
0N/A# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
0N/A# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
0N/A# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
0N/A# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
0N/A# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
6313N/A# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
6313N/A 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
0N/A 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
0N/A 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
0N/A 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
0N/A# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
0N/A# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
0N/A# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
0N/A# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
0N/A# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
0N/A# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
0N/A# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
0N/A# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
0N/A# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
0N/A# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
0N/A# 1987 mid-April - ??
0N/A# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
0N/A# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
0N/A# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
0N/A# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
0N/A# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
0N/A# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
0N/A# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
0N/A# pre-1980 time zones.
0N/A# From Shanks & Pottenger:
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
0N/A# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
0N/A# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
0N/A# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
0N/A# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
0N/A# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
0N/A# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
0N/A# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
0N/A# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
0N/A# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
0N/A# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
0N/A# county is GMT+8 according to
astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
0N/A# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
640N/A# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
640N/A# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
640N/A# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
640N/A# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
640N/A# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
640N/A# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
640N/A# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
640N/A# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
640N/A# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
5585N/A# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
5585N/A# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
5585N/A# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
5585N/A# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
5585N/A# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
640N/A# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
640N/A# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
640N/A# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
640N/A# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
640N/A# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
0N/A# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
0N/A 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
0N/A 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
0N/A 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
0N/A# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
6313N/A# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
0N/A 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
0N/A# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
0N/A# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
0N/A# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
0N/A# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
0N/A# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
0N/A 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
0N/A# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
0N/A# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
0N/A# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
0N/A# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
0N/A# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
0N/A# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
0N/A# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
0N/A# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
0N/A# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
0N/A 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
0N/A# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
0N/A# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
0N/A# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
2171N/A# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
2171N/A# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
2171N/A# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
2171N/A# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
2171N/A# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
2171N/A# they implicitly use Beijing time.
2171N/A# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
2171N/A# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
2171N/A# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
2171N/A# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
2171N/A# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
2171N/A# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
2171N/A# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
2171N/A# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
2171N/A# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
2171N/A# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
2171N/A# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
2171N/A# (
...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
2171N/A# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
2171N/A# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
2171N/A# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
2171N/A# others moving their clocks ahead.)
2171N/A#
...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
2171N/A# The first few lines of the Google translation of
2171N/A# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
2171N/A# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
2171N/A# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
2171N/A# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
2171N/A# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
2171N/A# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
2171N/A# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
2171N/A# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
2171N/A# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
2171N/A# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
2171N/A# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
2171N/A# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
2171N/A# start date for Xinjiang time.
2171N/A# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
2171N/A# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
2171N/A# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
2171N/A# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
0N/A 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
0N/A 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
6313N/A# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
1913N/A# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
2171N/A# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
1913N/A# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
1913N/A# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
1913N/A# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
1913N/A# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
1913N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
1913N/A# Here are the dates given at
1913N/A# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
1913N/A# The page does not give start or end times of day.
1913N/A# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
1913N/A# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
1913N/A# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
1913N/A# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
1913N/A# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1913N/ARule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
1913N/ARule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
0N/ARule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
0N/ARule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
0N/ARule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
0N/ARule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
0N/ARule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
1913N/ARule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
1913N/ARule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
0N/ARule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
0N/ARule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
0N/ARule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
0N/ARule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
0N/ARule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
2972N/ARule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
2972N/ARule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
1913N/ARule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
1913N/ARule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
1913N/ARule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
0N/A# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
0N/A# have any other information.
2296N/A# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
2296N/A# According to Taiwan's CWB,
2296N/A# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
2296N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
2296N/A# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "
summert.htm" page:
2296N/A# Decade Name Start and end date
5585N/A# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
5585N/A# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
5585N/A# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
5585N/A# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
5585N/A# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
5585N/A# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
5585N/A# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
5585N/A# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
5585N/A# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
5585N/A# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
2296N/A# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
2296N/ARule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
2296N/ARule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
0N/ARule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
0N/ARule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
0N/ARule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
0N/ARule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
0N/ARule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
0N/ARule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
0N/ARule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
0N/A###############################################################################
6313N/A# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
0N/A# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
0N/A# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia;
e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
0N/A# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
0N/A# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
0N/A# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
0N/A# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
0N/A# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
0N/A# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
0N/A# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
0N/A# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
0N/A# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
0N/A# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
0N/A# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
0N/A# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
0N/A# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
0N/A# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
0N/A# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
0N/A# of integration into Europe.
0N/A# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
0N/A# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
0N/A# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
0N/A# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
0N/A# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
0N/A# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
0N/A# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
0N/A# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
0N/A# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
0N/A 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
0N/A 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
0N/A 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
0N/A 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
0N/A 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
0N/A 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
0N/A 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
0N/A 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
0N/A 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
0N/A# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
0N/A# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
0N/A# East Timor may be late for its millennium
0N/A# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
0N/A# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
0N/A# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
0N/A# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
0N/A# conflicts with their way of life.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
0N/A# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
0N/A# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
0N/A# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
0N/A# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
0N/A# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
0N/A# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
0N/A# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
0N/A 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
0N/A 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
0N/A 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
0N/A 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
0N/A 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
0N/A# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
0N/A# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
0N/A# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
0N/A# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
0N/A# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
0N/A# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
0N/A# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
0N/A# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
0N/A# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
0N/A# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
0N/A# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
0N/A# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
0N/A# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
0N/A# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
0N/A# switched on 1945-09-23.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
0N/A# but this must be a typo.
0N/A 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
0N/A 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
0N/A 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
0N/A 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
0N/A 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
0N/A 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
0N/A 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
0N/A 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
0N/A 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
0N/A 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
0N/A 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
0N/A 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
0N/A# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
0N/A# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
0N/A# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
0N/A# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
0N/A# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
0N/A# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
0N/A# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
0N/A# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
0N/A# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
0N/A# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
0N/A# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
0N/A# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
0N/A# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
0N/A# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
0N/A# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
0N/A# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
0N/A# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
0N/A# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
0N/A# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
0N/A# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
0N/A# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
0N/A# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
0N/A# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
0N/A# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
0N/A# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
0N/A# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
0N/A# plan to change that law....
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
0N/A# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
0N/A# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
0N/A# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
0N/A# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
0N/A# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
0N/A# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
0N/A# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
0N/A# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
0N/A# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
0N/A# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
0N/A# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
0N/A# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
0N/A# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
0N/A# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
0N/A# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
0N/A# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
0N/A# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
0N/A# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
0N/A# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
0N/A# daylight saving time ...
640N/A# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
640N/A# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
640N/A# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
640N/A# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
640N/A# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
640N/A# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
640N/A# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
640N/A# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
0N/A 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
0N/A 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
0N/A# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
0N/A# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
0N/A# the
U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
0N/A# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
0N/A# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
0N/A# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
0N/A# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
0N/A# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
0N/A# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
0N/A# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
0N/A# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
640N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
640N/A# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
640N/A# news sources (in Arabic):
640N/A# We have published a short article in English about the change:
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
0N/ARule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
0N/A# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
640N/ARule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
640N/ARule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
0N/A# I coined "
IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
0N/A# different abbreviations in use:
0N/A# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
0N/A# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
0N/A# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
0N/A# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
0N/A# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
0N/A# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
0N/A# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
0N/A# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
0N/A# settings in Israeli computers.
0N/A# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
0N/A# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
0N/A# family is from India).
0N/A# From Shanks & Pottenger:
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
0N/ARule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
0N/A# From Ephraim Silverberg
0N/A# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
0N/A# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
0N/A# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
0N/A# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
0N/A# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
0N/A# 1
a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
0N/A# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11
p.m. standard
0N/A# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
0N/A# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
0N/A# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
0N/A# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
0N/A# 2
a.m. IST to 3
a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
0N/A# was also on a Friday morning from 2
a.m. IDT to 1
a.m. IST for
0N/A# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
0N/A# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
0N/A# will take place from 1
a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
0N/A# changes
to/from will take place at 1
a.m. old time, but now there is no
0N/A# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
0N/A# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (
i.e. the eve
0N/A# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
0N/A# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
0N/A# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
0N/A# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
0N/A# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
0N/A# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
0N/A# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
0N/A# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
0N/A# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
0N/A# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
0N/A# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
0N/A# where YYYY is the relevant year.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
0N/A# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
0N/A# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
0N/A# years 2001-2004 as well.
0N/A# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
0N/A# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
0N/A# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
0N/A# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
0N/A# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
0N/A# last Friday before April 2nd (
i.e. the last Friday in March or April
0N/A# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
0N/A# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
0N/A# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
5592N/A# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
0N/A# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
5592N/A# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
0N/A# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
5592N/A# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
5592N/A# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# but older zic implementations (
e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
0N/A# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
0N/A# springtime transitions explicitly.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
0N/ARule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
5592N/ARule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
5592N/A# From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-10-18):
5592N/A# Yesterday, the Interior Ministry Committee, after more than a year
5592N/A# past, approved sending the proposed June 2011 changes to the Time
5592N/A# Decree Law back to the Knesset for second and third (final) votes
5592N/A# before the upcoming elections on Jan. 22, 2013. Hence, although the
5592N/A# changes are not yet law, they are expected to be so before February 2013.
5592N/A# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday in March.
5592N/A# DST ends at 02:00 on the first Sunday after October 1, unless it occurs on the
5592N/A# second day of the Jewish Rosh Hashana holiday, in which case DST ends a day
5592N/A# later (
i.e. at 02:00 the first Monday after October 2).
5592N/A# [Rosh Hashana holidays are factored in until 2100.]
6313N/A# From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-11-05):
6313N/A# The Knesset passed today (in second and final readings) the amendment to the
6313N/A# Time Decree Law making the changes ... law.
5592N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
5592N/ARule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
5592N/ARule Zion 2013 2026 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
5592N/ARule Zion 2027 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
5592N/ARule Zion 2028 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
5592N/A# The following rules are commented out for now, as they break older
5592N/A# versions of zic that support only signed 32-bit timestamps,
i.e.,
5592N/A# through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC.
5592N/A#Rule Zion 2028 2053 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
5592N/A#Rule Zion 2054 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
5592N/A#Rule Zion 2055 2080 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
5592N/A#Rule Zion 2081 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
5592N/A#Rule Zion 2082 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
0N/A# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
0N/A# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
0N/A# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
0N/A# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
0N/A# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
0N/A# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
0N/A# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
0N/A# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
0N/A# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
0N/A# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
0N/A# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
0N/A# wanted to keep it.)
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
0N/ARule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
0N/A# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
0N/A# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
0N/A# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
0N/A# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
0N/A# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
0N/A# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
0N/A# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
0N/A# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
0N/A# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
0N/A# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
0N/A# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
0N/A# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
0N/A# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
0N/A# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
0N/A# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
0N/A# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
0N/A# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
0N/A# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
0N/A# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
0N/A# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
0N/A# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
0N/A# places (
e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
0N/A# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
0N/A# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
0N/A# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
0N/A# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
0N/A# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
0N/A# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
0N/A# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
0N/A# government's departments from six to seven hours.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
0N/A# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
0N/A# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
0N/A# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1227N/A# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1227N/A#
...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1227N/A# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1227N/A# time on the last Thursday in March.
1227N/A# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1227N/A# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1227N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1227N/A# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1227N/A# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1227N/A# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1227N/A# > of the month of March of each year.
1227N/A# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1227N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1227N/A# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
5592N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
5592N/A# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
5592N/A# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
5592N/A# until about the same time next year (at least).
5592N/A# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-25):
5592N/A# For now, assume this is just a one-year measure. If it becomes
5592N/A# permanent, we should move Jordan from EET to AST effective tomorrow.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1227N/ARule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1227N/ARule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1627N/ARule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
5592N/ARule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
5592N/ARule Jordan 2013 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
0N/A# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
0N/A# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
0N/A# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
0N/A# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
0N/A# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
0N/A# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
0N/A# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
0N/A# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
0N/A# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
0N/A# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
0N/A# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
0N/A# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
0N/A# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
0N/A# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
0N/A# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
0N/A# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
0N/A# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
0N/A# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
0N/A# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
0N/A# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
0N/A# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
0N/A# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
0N/A# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
0N/A# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
0N/A 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
0N/A 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
0N/A 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
0N/A# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
0N/A 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
0N/A 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
0N/A 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
0N/A 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
0N/A 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
0N/A 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
0N/A 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
0N/A# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
0N/A 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
0N/A 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
0N/A 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
0N/A 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
0N/A 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
0N/A# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
0N/A# so include time stamps before 1963.
0N/A 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
0N/A 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
0N/A 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
0N/A 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
0N/A 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
0N/A 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
0N/A 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
0N/A 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
0N/A 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
0N/A 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
0N/A 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
0N/A 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
0N/A# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
0N/A# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
0N/A# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
0N/A# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
0N/A# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
0N/A# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
0N/A# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
0N/A# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
0N/ARule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
0N/A 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
0N/A 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
0N/A 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# Korea (North and South)
0N/A# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
0N/A# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
0N/A# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
0N/A# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
0N/A# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
0N/A# From Shanks & Pottenger:
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
0N/ARule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
0N/ARule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
0N/A 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
0N/A 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
0N/A 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
0N/A###############################################################################
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
0N/A# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
0N/A# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
0N/A# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
0N/A# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
0N/A# so for now we assume no DST.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
0N/ARule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
0N/A# peninsular Malaysia
0N/A# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore
M.T. 0N/A 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
0N/A 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
0N/A 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
0N/A 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
0N/A 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
0N/A 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
0N/A 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
0N/A# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
0N/A 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
0N/A 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
0N/A 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
0N/A 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
0N/A# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
0N/A# both say that it has just one.
0N/A# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
0N/A# General Information Mongolia
0N/A# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
0N/A# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
0N/A# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is
UTC/GMT plus
0N/A# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
0N/A# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
0N/A# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
0N/A# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
0N/A# of implementation may have been different....
0N/A# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
0N/A# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
0N/A# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
0N/A# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
0N/A# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
0N/A# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
0N/A# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
0N/A# is good enough for our purposes.
0N/A# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
0N/A# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
0N/A# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
0N/A# there are three time zones.
0N/A# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
0N/A# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
0N/A# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
0N/A# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
0N/A# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
0N/A# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
0N/A# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
0N/A# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
0N/A# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
0N/A# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
0N/A# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
0N/A# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
0N/A# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
0N/A# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
0N/A# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
0N/A# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
0N/A# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
0N/A# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
0N/A# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
0N/A# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
0N/A# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
0N/A# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
0N/A# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
0N/A# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
0N/A# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
0N/A# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
0N/A# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
640N/A# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
640N/A# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
640N/A# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
640N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
640N/A# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
640N/A# (click the English flag for English)
640N/A# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
640N/A# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
640N/A# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
640N/A# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
640N/A# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
640N/A# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
640N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
640N/A# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
640N/A# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
640N/A# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
640N/A# this is almost surely wrong.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
0N/A# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
0N/A# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
0N/A# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
0N/A# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
0N/A# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
0N/A# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
0N/A# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
0N/ARule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
0N/A# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
0N/ARule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Hovd,
a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
0N/A 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
0N/A# Ulaanbaatar,
a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
0N/A 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
0N/A# Choibalsan,
a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
0N/A# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
0N/A 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
640N/A 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
6313N/A# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
0N/A# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
0N/A# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
0N/A# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
0N/A# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
0N/A# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
0N/A# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
0N/A# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
0N/A# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
0N/A# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
0N/A# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
0N/A# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
0N/A# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
0N/A# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
0N/A# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
0N/A# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
0N/A# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
0N/A# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
0N/A# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
0N/A# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
0N/A# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
0N/A# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
0N/A# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
640N/A# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
5585N/A# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
640N/A# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
5585N/A# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
5585N/A# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
5585N/A# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
640N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
640N/A# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
814N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
814N/A# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
814N/A# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1227N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1227N/A# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1227N/A# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1227N/A# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1227N/A# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1227N/A# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1227N/A# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1227N/A# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1227N/A# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1227N/A# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1913N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1913N/A# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1913N/A# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1913N/A# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1913N/A# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1913N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1913N/A# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1913N/A# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1913N/A# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1913N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1913N/A# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1913N/A# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1913N/A# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1913N/A# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1913N/A# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1913N/A# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1913N/A# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1913N/A# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1913N/A# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1913N/A# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1913N/A# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1913N/A# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1913N/A# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1913N/A# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1913N/A# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2296N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2296N/A# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2296N/A# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2296N/A# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2296N/A# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2296N/A# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2296N/A# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2296N/A# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2296N/A# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
0N/ARule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
640N/ARule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
814N/ARule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2296N/ARule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2296N/ARule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
0N/A 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
0N/A 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
0N/A 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
0N/A# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
0N/A# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
0N/A# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
0N/A# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
0N/A# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
0N/A# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
0N/A# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
0N/A# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
0N/A# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
0N/A# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
0N/A# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
0N/A# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
0N/A# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
0N/A# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
0N/A# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
0N/A# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
0N/A# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
0N/A# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
0N/A# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
0N/A# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
0N/A# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
0N/A# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
0N/A# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
0N/A# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
0N/A# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
0N/A# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
0N/A# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
0N/A# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (
if/when they
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
0N/A# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
0N/A# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
0N/A# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
0N/A# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
0N/A# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
0N/A# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
0N/A# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
0N/A# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
0N/A# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
0N/A# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
0N/A# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
0N/A# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
0N/A# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
0N/A# Daoud Kuttab writes in
0N/A# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
0N/A# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
0N/A# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
0N/A# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
0N/A# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
0N/A# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
0N/A# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
0N/A# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
0N/A# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
0N/A# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
0N/A# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
0N/A# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
0N/A# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
0N/A# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
0N/A# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
0N/A# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
0N/A# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
0N/A# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
0N/A# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
0N/A# because of the Ramadan.
0N/A# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
0N/A# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
0N/A# Palestinian territories left DST early on
13.th. of September at 2:00.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
0N/A# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
0N/A# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
0N/A# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
0N/A# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
0N/A# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
814N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
814N/A# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
814N/A# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
814N/A# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
1227N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
1227N/A# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
1227N/A# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
1913N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
1913N/A# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
1913N/A# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
1913N/A# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
1913N/A# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
1913N/A# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
1913N/A# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
1913N/A# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
1913N/A# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
1913N/A# end date, we will keep this page updated:
1913N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
1913N/A# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
1913N/A# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
1913N/A# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
1913N/A# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
1913N/A# (from Palestinian National Authority):
2216N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2216N/A# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2216N/A# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2216N/A# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2216N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2216N/A#
...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2216N/A# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2216N/A# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2216N/A# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2644N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2644N/A# According to several sources, including
5585N/A# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2644N/A# Some more background info:
4488N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
4488N/A# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
4488N/A# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
4488N/A# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
4488N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
4488N/A# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
4488N/A# "
...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
4488N/A# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
4488N/A# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
4488N/A# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
4488N/A# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
0N/A# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
4488N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
4488N/A# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
4941N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
4941N/A# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
4941N/A# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
4941N/A# Some of many sources in Arabic:
6115N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
6115N/A# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
6115N/A# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
6115N/A# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
6115N/A# From Paul Eggert (2013-04-15):
6115N/A# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
6115N/A# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 01:00. This is consistent with
6115N/A# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs,
6115N/A# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively:
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
0N/ARule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
0N/ARule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
0N/ARule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
6115N/ARule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
814N/ARule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
6115N/ARule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
6115N/ARule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
6115N/ARule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
6115N/ARule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2644N/ARule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
6115N/ARule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
6115N/ARule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
6115N/ARule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
6115N/ARule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
6115N/ARule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
6115N/ARule Palestine 2012 max - Sep Fri>=21 1:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
0N/A 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
0N/A 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
6115N/A 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
6115N/A 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
6115N/A 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
4488N/A 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
0N/A# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
0N/A# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
0N/A# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
0N/A# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
0N/A# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
0N/A# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
0N/A# rainy season begins. See
0N/A# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
0N/A# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
0N/A# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
0N/A# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
0N/A 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore
M.T. 0N/A 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
0N/A 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
0N/A 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
0N/A 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
0N/A 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
0N/A 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
0N/A 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
6313N/A# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
6313N/A# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
6313N/A# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
6313N/A# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
0N/A# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
0N/A# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
0N/A# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
0N/A# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
0N/A# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
0N/A# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
0N/A# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
0N/A# With effect from 12.30
a.m. on 26th October 1996
0N/A# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
0N/A# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
0N/A# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
0N/A# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
0N/A# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
0N/A# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
0N/A# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
0N/A# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
0N/A# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
0N/A# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
0N/A# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
0N/A# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
0N/A# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
0N/A# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
0N/A# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
0N/A# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
0N/A# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
0N/A# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
0N/A# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
0N/A# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
0N/A# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
0N/A# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
0N/A# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
0N/A# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
0N/A# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
0N/A# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
0N/A# and then see what people actually say in practice.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
0N/A 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
0N/A 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
0N/A 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
0N/A 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
0N/A 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
0N/A 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
0N/A# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
0N/A# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
0N/A# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
0N/A# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
0N/A# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
0N/A# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
0N/ARule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/A# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
0N/A# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
0N/A# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
0N/ARule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
0N/A# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
640N/ARule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
640N/A# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
640N/A# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
640N/A# not take place
1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but
1.st November at 24:00 or
640N/A# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
640N/A# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
640N/A# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
640N/A# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
640N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
640N/A# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
640N/A# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
640N/A# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
640N/A# which using Google's translate tools says:
5585N/A# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
5585N/A# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
640N/A# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
640N/ARule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
640N/A# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
640N/A# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
640N/A# this month (March 2008) in the last day or
so...This is the data IATA
640N/A# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
640N/A# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
640N/A# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
640N/A# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
640N/A# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
640N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
640N/A# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
640N/A# </a>
...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
640N/A# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
640N/A# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
640N/A# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
640N/A# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
640N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
640N/A# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
640N/A# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
640N/A# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
640N/A# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
816N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
816N/A# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
816N/A# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
816N/A# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
816N/A# clocks back 60 minutes).
1227N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
1227N/A# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
1227N/A# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
1227N/A# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
1913N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
5585N/A# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
5585N/A# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
1913N/A# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
1913N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
1913N/A# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
1913N/A# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
1913N/A# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2216N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2216N/A# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2216N/A# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2216N/A# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
4941N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
4941N/A# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
4941N/A# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
4941N/A# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
4941N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
4941N/A# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
1227N/ARule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1913N/ARule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2216N/ARule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
4941N/ARule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
4941N/ARule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
1913N/ARule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# From Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
0N/A 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
0N/A 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
0N/A 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
0N/A# From Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
0N/A 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
0N/A 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
0N/A# United Arab Emirates
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
0N/A 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
0N/A 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
0N/A 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
0N/A 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
0N/A 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
0N/A 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
6313N/A# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
6313N/A# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
6313N/A# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
6313N/A# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
640N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
640N/A# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
640N/A# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
0N/A# From Shanks & Pottenger:
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
6313N/A# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
6313N/A# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]