4491N/A# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4491N/A# This code is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it
4491N/A# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
4491N/A# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
4491N/A# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
4491N/A# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
4491N/A# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
4491N/A# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
4491N/A# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
4491N/A# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
4491N/A# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
4491N/A# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
4491N/A# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
4491N/A# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
1627N/A# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
1627N/A# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
0N/A# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
0N/A# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5832N/A# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
5832N/A# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
0N/A# A good source for time zone historical data outside the
U.S. is
0N/A# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
0N/A# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
0N/A# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
0N/A# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
0N/A# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
0N/A# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
0N/A# of the IATA's data after 1990.
0N/A# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
0N/A# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
0N/A# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
0N/A# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
0N/A# I found in the UCLA library.
5832N/A# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
5832N/A# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
0N/A# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
0N/A# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
0N/A# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
0N/A# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
0N/A# but Mark R V Murray reports that
0N/A# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
0N/A# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
0N/A# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
0N/A# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
0N/A# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
0N/A# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
0N/A# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
0N/A# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
0N/A# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
0N/A# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
0N/A# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
0N/A# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
0N/A# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
0N/A# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
0N/A# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
0N/A# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
0N/A# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
0N/A# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
0N/A# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
0N/A# until we get more information.
0N/A# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
0N/A# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
0N/A# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
4395N/A# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
0N/A# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
0N/A# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
0N/A# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
0N/A# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
0N/ARule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
0N/ARule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
0N/ARule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
0N/A# more precise 0:09:21.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0N/A 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
0N/A 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
0N/A 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
0N/A 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
0N/A 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
0N/A 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
0N/A 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
0N/A# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
0N/A# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
5832N/A# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
5832N/A# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
5832N/A# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
0N/A 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
0N/A -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
0N/A -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
0N/A# Central African Republic
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
0N/A 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Democratic Republic of Congo
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Republic of the Congo
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A###############################################################################
5832N/A# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
5832N/A# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
5832N/A# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
5832N/A# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
0N/ARule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
0N/ARule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
0N/A# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
0N/A# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
4093N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
4093N/A# "
...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
4093N/A# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
4093N/A# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
4093N/A# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
4093N/ARule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
0N/A# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
0N/A# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
0N/A# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
0N/ARule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
0N/A# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
0N/A# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
0N/A# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
0N/A# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
0N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
0N/ARule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
0N/A# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
0N/A# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
0N/A# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
0N/A# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
0N/A# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
0N/A# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
0N/A# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
0N/A# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
1227N/A# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
1227N/A# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
1627N/A# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
1627N/A# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
1627N/A# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
1627N/A# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
1227N/A# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
1227N/A# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
1227N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
1227N/A# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
1227N/A# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
1627N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
5495N/A# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
1627N/A# Information and Decision Support Center:
1627N/A# The Middle East News Agency
1627N/A# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
5495N/A# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
1627N/A# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
1627N/A# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
2644N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
2644N/A# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
2644N/A# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
2644N/A# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
1227N/ARule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
1627N/ARule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 -
2644N/ARule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2644N/ARule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S
4093N/ARule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
0N/A 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
0N/A# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
0N/A# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/A# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
0N/A# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/ARule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
0N/ARule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
0N/A 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
0N/A# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
0N/A# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
0N/A# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
0N/A# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
0N/A# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
0N/A -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
0N/A###############################################################################
5832N/A# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
5832N/A# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
5832N/A# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
5832N/A# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
5832N/A# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
5832N/A# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
5832N/A# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
5832N/A# lastFri instead of lastSun).
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
5832N/ARule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
5832N/ARule Libya 2013 max - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Libya 2013 max - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
0N/A 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
5832N/A# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
0N/A# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
0N/A 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
5832N/A 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
5832N/A 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
0N/A 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
0N/A -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
0N/A -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
640N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
640N/A# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
5495N/A# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
640N/A# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
640N/A# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
640N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
640N/A# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
640N/A# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
640N/A# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
640N/A# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
640N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
640N/A# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
640N/A# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
640N/A# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
640N/A# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
5495N/A# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
5495N/A# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
5495N/A# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
5495N/A# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
640N/A# changes two days later.
640N/A# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
640N/A# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
640N/A# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
640N/A# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
640N/A# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
640N/A# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
640N/A# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
814N/A# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
814N/A# The Government of Mauritius weblink
814N/A# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
814N/A# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
814N/A# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
814N/A# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
814N/A# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
814N/A# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
814N/A# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
814N/A# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
814N/A# and end on 29 March 2009.
816N/A# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
816N/A# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
816N/A# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
816N/A# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
1627N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
1627N/A# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
1627N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
5495N/A# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
1627N/A# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
1627N/A# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
640N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
640N/ARule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
640N/ARule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
1627N/ARule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1627N/ARule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
640N/A 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
0N/A# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
640N/A# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
640N/A# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
640N/A# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
640N/A# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
640N/A# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
640N/A# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
640N/A# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
640N/A# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
640N/A# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
640N/A# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
640N/A# According to this article:
640N/A# (and republished here:
640N/A# the changes occurs at midnight:
640N/A# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
640N/A# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
640N/A# sunday night the 28th at midnight
640N/A# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
640N/A# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
640N/A# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
640N/A# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
640N/A# It's also confirmed here:
640N/A# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
640N/A# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
640N/A# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
640N/A# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow
640N/A# Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of
640N/A# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named
640N/A# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)?
640N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09):
640N/A# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
814N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
5495N/A# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
5495N/A# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
814N/A# One article about it (in French):
814N/A# We have some further details posted here:
1227N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
1227N/A# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
1227N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1227N/A# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
1227N/A# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
1227N/A# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
1227N/A# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
1227N/A# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
1227N/A# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
2296N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
2296N/A# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
2296N/A# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
3860N/A# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
3860N/A# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
3860N/A# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
3860N/A# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
3860N/A# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
3860N/A# is the official publication to look at.
3860N/A# They said that the decision was already taken.
3860N/A# More articles in the press
3860N/A# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
3860N/A# They have it written in English here:
3860N/A# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
3860N/A# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
3860N/A# wall clock time (
i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
3860N/A# also been like that in the past.
4941N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
4941N/A# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
4941N/A# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
4941N/A# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
4941N/A# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
4941N/A# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
4941N/A# except the month of Ramadan.
4941N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
4941N/A# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
4941N/A# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
4941N/A# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
4941N/A# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
4941N/A# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
4941N/A# Seen Morocco change again:
4941N/A# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
4941N/A# comme annoncé précédemment."
5495N/A# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
5495N/A# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
5495N/A# Google translation, lightly edited:
5495N/A# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
5495N/A# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
5495N/A# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
5495N/A# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
5495N/A# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
5495N/A# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
5495N/A# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
5495N/A# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
5495N/A# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
5832N/A# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
5832N/A# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
5832N/A# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
5832N/A# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
5832N/A# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
5832N/A# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
5832N/A# transition dates for 2013 through 2021 were determined by running
5832N/A# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
5832N/A# (let ((islamic-year 1434))
5832N/A# (while (< islamic-year 1444)
5832N/A# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
5832N/A# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
5832N/A# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
5832N/A# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))
5832N/A# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
5832N/A# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
5832N/A# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
5832N/A# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
5832N/A# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
5832N/A# with the results hand-edited for 2020-2022, when the normal spring-forward
5832N/A# date falls during the estimated Ramadan.
5832N/A# From 2023 through 2038 Ramadan is not predicted to overlap with
5832N/A# daylight saving time. Starting in 2039 there will be overlap again,
5832N/A# but 32-bit time_t values roll around in 2038 so for now do not worry
0N/A# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
640N/ARule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
814N/ARule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1227N/ARule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1227N/ARule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
2296N/ARule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
2296N/ARule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
3860N/ARule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3860N/ARule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
5832N/ARule Morocco 2012 2019 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
4941N/ARule Morocco 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
5495N/ARule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
5495N/ARule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 9 3:00 0 -
5832N/ARule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 8 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 -
5832N/ARule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 -
5832N/ARule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 7 3:00 0 -
5832N/ARule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 7 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2017 only - May 27 3:00 0 -
5832N/ARule Morocco 2017 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2018 only - May 16 3:00 0 -
5832N/ARule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 -
5832N/ARule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S
5832N/ARule Morocco 2023 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
0N/A -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
0N/A# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
0N/A# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
0N/A# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
0N/A# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
0N/A# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
0N/A# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
0N/A# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
0N/A# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
0N/A 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
0N/A 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
0N/A 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
0N/A 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
0N/A# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
0N/A# The following information about them is taken from
0N/A# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
0N/A# We have no info about their time zone histories.
0N/A# Bassas da India - uninhabited
0N/A# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
0N/A# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
0N/A# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
0N/A# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
0N/A# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
0N/A# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
0N/A# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
0N/A# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
0N/A# on GMT, says the CIA
0N/A# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
0N/A# Sao Tome and Principe
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
0N/A# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
0N/A# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
0N/A# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
0N/A# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
0N/A# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/A# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
0N/ARule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
0N/ARule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
0N/ARule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
0N/ARule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
0N/ARule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
0N/A# Marion and Prince Edward Is
0N/A# scientific station since 1947
0N/A# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
0N/A# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
0N/A# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
0N/A# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
0N/A# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
4395N/A 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
0N/A# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
0N/A# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
0N/A# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
0N/A# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
0N/A# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
0N/A# Saturday." (My translation)
0N/A# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
0N/A# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
0N/A# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
0N/A# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
0N/A# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
0N/A# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
0N/A# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1227N/A# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1227N/A# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1227N/A# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1227N/A# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1227N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1227N/A# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1227N/A# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
1227N/A# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
1227N/A# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
1227N/A# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
1227N/A# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
2296N/A# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
2296N/A# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
2296N/A# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
2296N/A# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
2296N/A# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
0N/A# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
0N/ARule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
0N/ARule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1227N/ARule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1227N/ARule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
0N/A# more precise 0:09:21.
0N/A# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0N/A# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]