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<tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813099;" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0" fill="#ffffff">::СОВЕТЫ И ХИТРОСТИ</tspan>

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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-family="DejaVu Sans" font-size="7.2" line-height="150%" font-weight="normal" font-style="italic" fill="#000000">

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Этот учебник ознакомит вас с некоторыми хитростями и «скрытыми» возможностями Inkscape, которые могут заметно ускорить работу.</flowDiv>

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<tspan y="89.49101399999999" x="10">Распределение объектов по радиусу круга с использованием функции «Узор из клонов»</tspan>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Несложно разобраться с тем, как <flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Узор из клонов</flowSpan> работает для прямоугольных сеток и узоров. Но что делать, если вам нужно распределить объекты по <flowSpan font-style="italic">кругу</flowSpan> так, чтобы у всех объектов был один центр вращения?</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Если ваш радиальный узор будет состоять из 3, 4, 6, 8 или 12 элементов, попробуйте типы симметрии P3, P31M, P3M1, P4, P4M, P6 или P6M. Они прекрасно подходят для снежинок и схожих с ними фигур. Более общий способ получения радиального узора описан ниже.</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Выберите симметрию P1 (простое смещение) и <flowSpan font-style="italic">скомпенсируйте</flowSpan> это смещение, перейдя на вкладку «<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Смещение</flowSpan>» и установив значение «<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">На строку/Смещение по Y</flowSpan>» и «<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">На столбец/Смещение по X</flowSpan>» равным -100%. За счёт этого все клоны будут расположены точно над оригиналом. Все, что остаётся — это перейти на вкладку «<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Поворот</flowSpan>» и установить некоторый угол вращения на столбец, а затем создать узор в одну строку и несколько столбцов. Вот пример шаблона из горизонтальной линии и 30 столбцов, каждый из которых повёрнут на шесть градусов:</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Что бы получить из этого часовой циферблат, вам нужно лишь вырезать центральную часть или положить поверх нее белый круг (отсоедините клоны, чтобы иметь возможность выполнять логические действия с ними).</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Более интересный эффект может быть создан при использовании строк и столбцов одновременно. Вот шаблон из 10 столбцов и 8 строк с поворотом в 2 градуса на строку и 18 градусов на столбец. Каждая группа линий здесь — «столбец», так что каждая группа отстоит от другой на 18 градусов; внутри каждого столбца интервал между линиями равен 2 градусам:</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">В приведённом выше примере линии поворачиваются вокруг центра. Но как быть, если вы хотите, чтобы центр был вне фигуры? Просто создайте невидимый (без штриха и наполнения) прямоугольник который должен закрывать всю фигуру и центр которого в нужном вам месте, сгруппируйте фигуру и прямоугольник вместе и используйте функцию «<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Узор из клонов</flowSpan>» на этой группе. Именно так вы можете создавать «взрывы» и «звездопады» путем случайных поворотов, смены размера и, возможно, прозрачности:</flowDiv>

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<tspan y="1017.867566" x="10">Как сделать нарезку работы (на несколько прямоугольных областей)?</tspan>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Создайте новый слой, а в нём — невидимые прямоугольники, перекрывающие необходимую часть картинки. Удостоверьтесь, что документ использует единицу измерения "px" (точки растра), используемую по умолчанию. Затем включите сетку и расположите прямоугольники по сетке так, чтобы каждый прямоугольник занимал целое число единиц "px". Назначьте осмысленные ID прямоугольникам и экспортируйте каждый в собственный файл. Прямоугольники запомнят имена этих файлов. После этого любой из прямоугольников очень прост экспортировать ещё раз. Достаточно переключиться на экспортируемый слой, клавишей Tab (или поиском по ID) выбрать нужный прямоугольник клавишу Tab и нажать кнопку «Экспортировать» в диалоге экспорта. Кроме того, можно написать сценарий для автоматического экспорта всех интересующих областей через командную строку, используя команду вида:</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">inkscape -i area-id -t filename.svg

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">для каждой экспортируемой области. Ключ "-t" говорит программе, что для экспорта будет использоваться запомненное имя файла, но вы можете указать любое при помощи ключа "-e". В качестве альтернативы можно использовать утилиту <flowSpan font-weight="bold" font-family="sans serif">svgslice</flowSpan>, которая автоматически экспортирует области документа Inkscape, используя направляющие, либо передаваемые ей значения ID.</flowDiv>

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<tspan y="1302.4175768" x="10">Нелинейные градиенты</tspan>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Версия 1.1 SVG не поддерживает нелинейные градиенты (т.е. нелинейно переходящие из цвета в цвет), но вы можете создать их подобие, используя градиент с <flowSpan font-style="italic">множеством</flowSpan> опорных точек.</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Начните с обычного градиента из двух опорных точек. Откройте редактор градиента (двойной щелчок по узлу градиента курсором инструмента для редактирования градиентов). Добавьте новую опорную точку посередине и сместите её немного. Добавьте еще несколько опорных точек до и после этой, а затем тоже сместите их так, чтобы градиент получился ровным. Чем больше опорных точек вы добавите, тем более мягкими будут переходы в градиенте. градиент. Ниже изображён исходный черно-белый градиент с двумя опорными точками:</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">А тут — примеры разных «нелинейных» градиентов с множеством опорных точек (проверьте это при помощи инструмента редактирования градиента).</flowDiv>

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<tspan y="1686.2196958" x="10">Радиальный градиент со смещенным фокусом</tspan>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Радиальные градиенты не обязательно должны быть симметричными. Используя инструмент для редактирования градиентов, сместите центральный узел эллиптического градиента с нажатой клавишей <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan>. Это сдвинет крестик, являющийся <flowSpan font-style="italic">узлом фокуса</flowSpan> градиента. Если вам это не нужно, вы можете вернуть узел фокуса в центр, просто перетащив его в центр.</flowDiv>

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<tspan y="1875.2588658" x="10">Выравнивание по центру страницы</tspan>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Для того что бы выровнять что-либо по центру или по стороне страницы, используя функцию «Выровнять» (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Shift+A</flowSpan>), выберите пункт «<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Страницы</flowSpan>» напротив «<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Относительно:</flowSpan>».</flowDiv>

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<tspan y="1932.5468598" x="10">Удаление ненужного из документа</tspan>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Множество неиспользуемых градиентов, шаблонов и маркеров (точнее, тех, что изменялись вами вручную) остаётся в соответствующих палитрах. Их можно использовать в новых объектах. Однако, если вы хотите оптимизировать размер вашего документа, вы можете использовать команду «<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Очистить Defs</flowSpan>» в меню «Файл». Эта операция уберет все градиенты, шаблоны и маркеры, которые не используются в документе, что, соответственно, уменьшит размер файла.</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<tspan y="2043.0151448" x="10">Обтравочные контуры и маски для растра</tspan>

</text>

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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="DejaVu Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e208"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">By default, an imported bitmap (e.g. a photo) is an image element which is not

editable by the Node tool. To work around this, convert the image into a rectangle with

pattern fill by <flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Object to Pattern</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+I</flowSpan>). This will

give you a rectangle <flowSpan font-style="italic">filled</flowSpan> with your bitmap. Now this object can

be converted to path, node-edited, intersected with other shapes etc. In

<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Inkscape Preferences</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Misc</flowSpan> tab), you can set the

option of always importing bitmaps as pattern-filled rectangles.

</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<text style="writing-mode:lr;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="2142.7500388000003" x="10" font-family="DejaVu Sans" font-style="normal" fill="#000000">

<tspan y="2142.7500388000003" x="10">Скрытые возможности и редактор XML</tspan>

</text>

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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="DejaVu Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">