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<tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813099;" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0" fill="#ffffff">::形状</tspan>
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<!--Author: 作者：bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net-->
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">本教程涵盖四种形状工具：矩形、椭圆、星形和螺旋线。我们将向你展示Inkscape在形状绘制上的能力，并通过实例演示这些工具的用法和用途。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Arrows</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">滚轮</flowSpan>, 或 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">中键拖动</flowSpan> 将绘图页面向下卷动。绘图对象的创建、选择、变换等基本操作，请参考<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">帮助Help > 教程Tutorials</flowSpan>中的基础教程。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape有四种通用的<flowSpan font-style="italic">形状工具</flowSpan>，可以创建和编辑相应的形状。每种形状类型都具有共同的特征，可以通过拖动式的<flowSpan font-style="italic">控制柄</flowSpan>和一些数值<flowSpan font-style="italic">参数</flowSpan>来调节，使其具有不同的外观。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">例如，在星形工具中，可以改变星的角数，边长，角度，圆角等，但仍然保持星形。形状不像简单路径那样“自由”，但通常更有趣，也更有用。形状总是可以转为路径(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Shift+C</flowSpan>)，但路径不能转为形状。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">形状工具包括：<flowSpan font-style="italic">矩形</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-style="italic">椭圆</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-style="italic">星形</flowSpan>, 和 <flowSpan font-style="italic">螺旋线</flowSpan>。首先，我们看一下形状工具的基本工作模式，然后再分别详细介绍。</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="212.987244" x="10">一般性操作</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选择相应的形状工具，在画布上<flowSpan font-weight="bold">拖动drag</flowSpan>鼠标可以创建新的形状。新形状创建后(自动被选中)，上面有白色标记状的控制柄，可以通过拖动这些控制柄改变形状的外观。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在任意一种形状工具模式下，或在节点工具模式下(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F2</flowSpan>)，选择任意类型的形状，都可以使形状的控制柄显现出来。当鼠标悬停在控制柄上时，底部的状态栏将会告诉你拖动或点击将产生的编辑效果。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">每一种形状工具在绘图区顶部都会显示一个水平的<flowSpan font-style="italic">工具控制栏</flowSpan>。通常包括几个数字输入框和恢复默认参数的按钮。如果当前选择的形状工具类型与当前对象的形状类型一致，在控制栏中输入数字也可以改变被选对象的形状。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">工具控制栏中参数的修改将应用到新创建的形状上。例如，如果将星形的顶点数改变，新的星形的顶点数将与改变后的数值一致。另外，选择形状后，也会将其具有的特征参数显示在工具控制栏，从而影响以后创建的新形状。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在某一种形状工具模式下，可以通过在形状上<flowSpan font-weight="bold">单击</flowSpan>使其被选中。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+click</flowSpan> (选择群组内对象) 和<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+Click</flowSpan> (选择下层对象)也跟一般的选择模式一样起作用。</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="419.0715420000001" x="10">矩形</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-style="italic">矩形</flowSpan>是设计和绘图中最常用、最简单的形状。Inkscape尽力使矩形的创建和编辑简单快捷。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">F4</flowSpan>或者点击工具列中相应的图标，可以切换到矩形工具模式。请在这个蓝色矩形旁再画一个矩形：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">保持在矩形工具模式下，通过单击，交替选择两个矩形。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">矩形绘制技巧：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">配合<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>键，可以绘制正方形或边长为整数比率(2：1，3：1等)的矩形。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">配合<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan>键，从中心开始绘制。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e157"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">刚绘制的矩形(新绘的矩形总是自动被选中)在三个角上显示3个控制柄，但实际上有四个控制柄，如果矩形没有圆角，右上角的两个是重合在一起的。这两个是<flowSpan font-style="italic">倒圆控制柄</flowSpan>；另外两个(左上和右下)是<flowSpan font-style="italic">缩放控制柄</flowSpan>。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">首先看倒圆控制柄，抓住一个向下拖动，四个角都成圆形，并且第二个倒圆控制柄也显露出来(在角上的原始位置)。现在的圆角是等半径的，如果要使其成为不等半径的圆角，就需要向左移动另一个控制柄。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">下图中前两个矩形具有等半径圆角，后两个则是椭圆形圆角：</flowDiv>
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<text id="shapes-f02-zh_CN.svgtext3143" line-height="120.00000%" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="normal" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10, 746.2158620000001) " font-style="normal" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" font-stretch="normal" font-size="5.9588757" font-variant="normal" y="-2.6239278" x="47.265598" font-family="Bitstream Vera Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f02-zh_CN.svgtspan3144" sodipodi:role="line" x="47.265598" y="-2.6239278"/><tspan id="shapes-f02-zh_CN.svgtspan3146"/><tspan id="shapes-f02-zh_CN.svgtspan3148" y="4.5267232" x="47.265598" role="line">等半径圆角</tspan></text>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在矩形工具模式下，点击选择这些矩形，看看他们的倒圆控制柄的区别。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e185"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">有时，在整个绘图中，我们希望圆角的半径和形状保持不变，而不是随着矩形的大小而变化（例如流程图中，不同大小的矩形具有相同的圆角）。这在Inkscape中可以轻松实现。切换到选择工具，在工具控制栏的尾部，有四个开关按钮，左数第二个按钮(显示两个同心圆角)，可以控制缩放矩形时圆角是否也同步缩放。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e188"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">例如，在关闭“缩放圆角”情况下，下图中原始的红色矩形被复制和缩放了数次，各自具有不同的长宽比例：</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">注意所有矩形的圆角的大小和形状都是相同的，在右上角的位置可以精确地重合在一起。所有的蓝色虚线矩形都是从原始的红色矩形缩放得到，没有对倒圆控制柄做任何修改。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e204"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">作为对照，下图中是在<flowSpan font-style="italic">打开</flowSpan>“缩放圆角”时的情形：</flowDiv>
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<rect id="shapes-f04-zh_CN.svgrect1912" stroke-linejoin="miter" ry="11.527" style="marker-end:none;color:#000000;marker-start:none;stroke-dasharray:0.62499996 1.2499999;marker-mid:none;" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity="0.11037" rx="18.207" transform="translate(10, 1143.2228960000002) " stroke-dashoffset="0.0000000" height="42.865" width="227.21" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-miterlimit="4" y="0.31247" x="31.024" stroke-width="0.625" fill="#00F"/>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">矩形的圆角各不相同，在右上角没有一个细微的地方是重合的(可以放大了看)。在将原始矩形转为路径后(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Shift+C</flowSpan>)，缩放时产生的也是这样的效果。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e226"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">矩形的倒圆控制柄的操作技巧如下：</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e232"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">按住<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>拖动，使两个控制柄的半径相同(等半径圆角)。</flowDiv>
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<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1381.0526980000002)"/>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e239"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+click</flowSpan>使另一个控制柄的半径与当前相同，不需要拖动。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e245"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+click</flowSpan>删除圆角。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e251"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">你可能也已经注意到，矩形工具的控制栏中有水平(<flowSpan font-style="italic">Rx</flowSpan>)和垂直(<flowSpan font-style="italic">Ry</flowSpan>)圆角半径，可以精确控制其尺寸。顾名思义，<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">不倒圆 Not rounded</flowSpan>按钮可以删除选中矩形中的倒角。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这些操作可以同时对多个矩形起作用。例如，要改变当前图层的多个矩形，只需要<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+A</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">全部选择</flowSpan>)，然后在控制栏中设置需要的参数，而同时被选中的其他类型的形状则不会受到影响。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">下面我们来看一下缩放控制柄。你可能会想，既然可以通过选择工具缩放，要这个缩放控制柄不是多余了吗？</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选择工具缩放存在的问题是，它总是沿着页面的方向进行水平和竖直缩放，而矩形缩放控制柄是<flowSpan font-style="italic">沿边的方向</flowSpan>进行缩放，即使矩形经过选择或倾斜。请试一下用选择工具和(矩形工具模式下的)缩放控制柄对下面的矩形进行缩放的区别：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">由于有两个缩放控制柄，可以沿任意方向缩放矩形，甚至可以让它沿着一条边的方向移动。这种缩放模式保持圆角半径不变。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">缩放控制柄的技巧：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>拖动沿某一边或对角线方向缩放。换句话所，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>拖动保持宽度、高度或宽高比不变(即使其本身的坐标系经过缩放和倾斜)。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">下面是同样的矩形，请用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>拖动，使之沿虚线方向缩放：</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过倾斜和旋转矩形，然后复制和缩放，可以很容易地生成三维效果：</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot id="shapes-f07-zh_CN.svgflowRoot2632" style="text-anchor:middle;text-align:center;" font-weight="normal" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10, 1898.2756115000002) translate(-2,-10)" font-style="normal" font-size="6px" font-family="Bitstream Vera Sans" fill="#000000"><flowRegion id="shapes-f07-zh_CN.svgflowRegion2634"><rect id="shapes-f07-zh_CN.svgrect2636" style="text-align:center;" height="43.571" width="61.786" y="61.648" x="27.5"/></flowRegion><flowPara id="shapes-f07-zh_CN.svgflowPara2638">3个原始矩形</flowPara></flowRoot>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">一些其它的矩形构图，其中也用了圆角和渐变填充：</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2187.8303665000003" x="10">椭圆</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">椭圆工具(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F5</flowSpan>) 可以创建椭圆和圆，然后也可以将其分为分割或圆弧段。绘制技巧与矩形工具相同：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>绘制圆或整数比率(2:1, 3:1,...)椭圆。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">配合<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan>键，从中心开始绘制。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">让我们详细看一下椭圆的控制柄。首先选择这个椭圆：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">与矩形工具相似，可以看到三个控制柄，实际上是四个。最右侧的是两个重合在一起，可以通过它“打开”椭圆。拖动最右侧的控制柄，然后再拖动新出现的一个，可以得到各种扇形的分割和弧线：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">要得到<flowSpan font-style="italic">分割segment</flowSpan>(半径封闭)，拖动时鼠标要保持在椭圆的<flowSpan font-style="italic">外面</flowSpan>，相反，如果鼠标在椭圆<flowSpan font-style="italic">里面</flowSpan>，则得到<flowSpan font-style="italic">弧线arc</flowSpan>。上图中，左侧共有四个分割，右侧有三个弧线。注意，弧线是不封闭的，仅弧线上有轮廓线，两端没有连接在一起。如果去掉填充色，只保留轮廓，看得就更清楚一些：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">注意左侧看起来像扇子的很窄的分割，它是通过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>对控制柄进行<flowSpan font-style="italic">角度捕捉</flowSpan>实现的。下面是弧线和分割控制柄的一些操作技巧：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">配合<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>键拖动时，控制柄每次改变15度角。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+click</flowSpan>使其重新成为完整的椭圆。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">捕捉的角度大小可以在Inkscape Preferences(其中的<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">Steps</flowSpan>子项)中调节。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">另外两个控制柄使椭圆绕中心缩放。操作技巧同矩形的控制柄是相似的：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>拖动可以使椭圆成为圆(长短轴半径相等)。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+单击</flowSpan>使椭圆成为圆，不需要鼠标拖动。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">与矩形的缩放控制柄类似，椭圆的缩放控制柄也是<flowSpan font-style="italic">沿其自身的坐标轴方向</flowSpan>调整其长度和宽度。也就是说，旋转或倾斜后仍然可以沿其本身的长短轴方向进行拉伸和挤压。试一下通过缩放控制柄对下面的椭圆进行缩放：</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2929.295093500001" x="10">星形</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">星形是Inkscape中最复杂，最吸引人的形状。如果你想用Inkscape让你的朋友们眼前一亮(Wow！)，只需要给他们展示一下星形工具。它简直是乐趣无穷。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">星形工具可以创建两种类似但看起来差别很大的形状：星形和多边形。星形有两个控制柄，决定星形角的长度和形状；多边形只有一个控制柄，拖动时控制旋转和缩放：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在星形工具的控制栏中，第一项是一个选择框，可以将星形转为对应的多边形或者相反。第二项是一个数字框，设置星形或多边形的<flowSpan font-style="italic">顶点个数</flowSpan>，这个参数只能在这里设置，数值范围为3-1024。如果你的电脑性能不高，最好不要设置过大的数值(超过200)。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">当绘制一个新的星形或多边形时，</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>使得其旋转角度为15度的整数倍。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">一般来说，星形看起来更吸引人(实际上多边形更实用)。星形的两个控制柄的差异略有不同。第一个初始位置在角的顶端，控制角的长短，但相对于星形的中心旋转时，另一个控制柄也跟着旋转。也就是说，这个控制柄不能让星形的角倾斜。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">另外一个控制柄，初始位置在两个角中间的<flowSpan font-style="italic">底端</flowSpan>，可以沿半径或圆周方向任意移动，而不影响角顶端的控制柄(实际上，它的位置可以超过现有角的顶点而产生新的角)。这个控制柄可以使星形的角倾斜，获得晶体、雪花、 曼荼罗以及porcupines等各种形状。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">如果你要的只是一个规则的星形，不需要这些装饰性的工艺，你可以抑制倾斜控制柄的倾斜功能：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>拖动时可以让星的角保持半径方向(不产生倾斜)。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+单击</flowSpan>取消倾斜，不用拖动鼠标。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">作为在画布上拖动控制柄的一种补充方法，控制栏中的<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">轮辐比Spoke ratio</flowSpan>可以指定两种控制柄相对于中心距离的比值。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape兜里还有两个小绝技。从几何上来数，多边形是由直边和锐角组成，但现实中，会出现各种各样的边和圆角，这在Inkscape中也可以实现。倒圆星形和多边形与矩形略有不同，并没有专门的控制柄。但是，</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+拖动</flowSpan>切向拖动控制柄来倒圆星形或多边形。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+点击</flowSpan>控制柄来取消圆角。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e596"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">“切向”表示垂直于指向中心的半径的方向。如果沿逆时针方向拖动，得到正圆角，顺时针方向拖动，则得到负圆角。（看下面图中负圆角的例子。）</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这里比较一下由矩形工具产生的圆角正方形和由星形工具产生的圆角正四边形：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">可以看到，圆角矩形由边和圆角构成，而圆角多边形和星形则没有边，从角的顶点圆滑过渡到底端的点。Inkscape通过在各个顶点产生切线方向一致的Besizer曲线来平滑星形(正多边形)。（将其转为路径后，用节点工具可以看出来。）</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">控制栏中的<flowSpan font-family="sans serif">圆角Rounded</flowSpan>参数是切线相对于多边形/星形的边的长度的比例。为负值时改变切线的方向。其值介于0.2-0.4时是一个“正常”的圆角，其它值将会产生复杂、优美的图案。对于星形，圆角数值过大时曲线沿控制柄延伸很远。下面的例子给出了一些数值对应的图案：</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">如果希望星形的角上尖锐而底部平滑或相反，可以通过对星形做 <flowSpan font-style="italic">偏移offset</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+J</flowSpan>)来实现：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+drag</flowSpan>拖动控制柄是是调节圆角的最精细的方法之一，可以处理得很好。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">为了模仿真实的形状，Inkscape可以对星形和多边形做<flowSpan font-style="italic">随机化randomize</flowSpan>处理。轻微的随机使形状的规则性下降，更随意，更有趣；而更强的随机则可以产生无法预测的“疯狂”效果。 具有圆角的星形随机化后仍然保持圆角。其中的一些技巧：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+drag</flowSpan>切向拖动控制柄，产生随机效果。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+click</flowSpan>取消随机效果。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">当绘制或拖动控制柄随机化星形时，形状会“抖动”，因为控制柄的每个位置都对应一种唯一的随机化效果。不使用Alt，仅移动控制柄，则在当前的随机化水平上重新产生一种随机化效果，使用Alt，拖动控制柄时，保持当前的随机化效果，仅改变随机化的程度。下面的星形具有相同的参数，仅略微移动控制柄，具有不同的随机化效果(随机化程度0.1)。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">下面是上图中中间的星形，但随机化程度介于-0.2到0.2：</flowDiv>
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<text id="shapes-f19-zh_CN.svgtext2814" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="normal" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" transform="translate(10, 4432.880457000002) " font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" xml:space="preserve" line-height="120.00000%" font-size="5.3650379" font-variant="normal" y="4.1156874" x="83.021225" font-family="Bitstream Vera Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f19-zh_CN.svgtspan2821" y="10.553733" x="83.021225" role="line">-0.1</tspan><tspan id="shapes-f19-zh_CN.svgtspan2829"/><tspan id="shapes-f19-zh_CN.svgtspan2831" y="10.553733" x="83.021225" sodipodi:role="line"/></text>
<text id="shapes-f19-zh_CN.svgtext2805" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="normal" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" transform="translate(10, 4432.880457000002) " font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" xml:space="preserve" line-height="120.00000%" font-size="5.3650379" font-variant="normal" y="4.1156874" x="26.32832" font-family="Bitstream Vera Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f19-zh_CN.svgtspan2807" y="10.553733" x="26.328320" role="line">-0.2</tspan><tspan id="shapes-f19-zh_CN.svgtspan2809"/><tspan id="shapes-f19-zh_CN.svgtspan2811" y="10.553733" x="26.328320" sodipodi:role="line"/></text>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+drag</flowSpan>拖动该行中间星形的控制柄，可以看到它可以变形成为两边的形状。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在你自己的工作中，你将会发现随机化星形具有的各种用途，但我个人尤其喜欢这种像变形虫和凸凹不平的星球表面一样充满幻想的图案：</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="4766.848092200001" x="10">螺旋线</tspan>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape中的螺旋线是一种灵活的形状，尽管不像星形工具那样吸引人，有时也有很大的用途。螺旋线像星形一样，也从中心绘制，编辑也是相对于中心的，</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+drag</flowSpan>保持角度为15的整数倍。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">画好后，螺旋线有两个控制柄，分别位于内部的起点和终点。拖动时都可以改变螺旋的角度（增减圈数）。其它的操作技巧：</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">外部控制柄：</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e747"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+drag</flowSpan>相对于中心缩放/旋转（不改变螺旋的角度）。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 4890.6762801)"/>
<rect id="d0e753" display="none" height="1000px" width="258" y="4884.7" x="20"/>
<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e753"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+drag</flowSpan>改变螺旋角时保持半径不变。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e759" display="none" height="1000px" width="288" y="4903.2" x="10"/>
<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e759"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">内部控制柄：</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 4927.1567488)"/>
<rect id="d0e765" display="none" height="1000px" width="258" y="4921.2" x="20"/>
<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e765"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+drag</flowSpan>竖直拖动改变发散度，向中心汇聚/分散。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 4945.5903426)"/>
<rect id="d0e771" display="none" height="1000px" width="258" y="4939.6" x="20"/>
<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e771"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+click</flowSpan>重设螺旋发散度。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 4963.8403426)"/>
<rect id="d0e777" display="none" height="1000px" width="258" y="4957.8" x="20"/>
<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e777"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+click</flowSpan>将内部控制柄移动到螺旋线的中心。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e783" display="none" height="1000px" width="288" y="4976" x="10"/>
<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e783"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">螺旋线的<flowSpan font-style="italic">发散度divergence</flowSpan>用来衡量其螺旋的非线性程度。值为1时，为标准的螺旋线；小于1(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+drag</flowSpan> 向上)，边缘密集，大于1(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+drag</flowSpan> 向下)，中心密集：</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<text id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtext3053" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="normal" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" transform="translate(10, 5024.1907841) " font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" xml:space="preserve" line-height="120.00000%" font-size="5.3650379" font-variant="normal" y="-2.4563127" x="105.28775" font-family="Bitstream Vera Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2978" y="-2.4563127" x="105.28775" sodipodi:role="line"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2980"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2982" y="3.9817331" x="105.28775" role="line">0.5</tspan></text>
<text id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtext2982" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="normal" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" transform="translate(10, 5024.1907841) " font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" xml:space="preserve" line-height="120.00000%" font-size="5.3650379" font-variant="normal" y="-2.4563127" x="285.30881" font-family="Bitstream Vera Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2971" y="-2.4563127" x="285.30881" sodipodi:role="line"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2973"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2975" y="3.9817331" x="285.30881" role="line">6</tspan></text>
<text id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtext3039" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="normal" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" transform="translate(10, 5024.1907841) " font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" xml:space="preserve" line-height="120.00000%" font-size="5.3650379" font-variant="normal" y="-2.4563127" x="227.84541" font-family="Bitstream Vera Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2964" y="-2.4563127" x="227.84541" sodipodi:role="line"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2966"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2968" y="3.9817331" x="227.84541" role="line">2</tspan></text>
<text id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtext2960" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="normal" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" transform="translate(10, 5024.1907841) " font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" xml:space="preserve" line-height="120.00000%" font-size="5.3650379" font-variant="normal" y="-2.4563127" x="167.37082" font-family="Bitstream Vera Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2956" y="-2.4563127" x="167.37082" sodipodi:role="line"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2958"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-zh_CN.svgtspan2960" y="3.9817331" x="167.37082" role="line">1</tspan></text>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">螺旋线的最大圈数为1024。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">椭圆工具不仅可以产生椭圆，也可以产生圆弧（具有常曲率），螺旋线则可以产生曲率平滑改变的曲线。与普通的Bezier曲线相比，圆弧和螺旋线更方便，可以随意改变长度（拖动控制柄），而不会影响到其形状。螺旋线默认没有填充，加上填充，取消轮廓线，也可以产生一些有趣的效果。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">最有趣的是，轮廓线为点时产生的效果：向内旋转和（点或短线）等间隔分布可以组合成很优美的波纹效果：</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="5448.8450141" x="10">小结</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape形状工具的功能非常强大。有时间请注意多加练习，在实际的设计工作中他们不会让你失望的。而且，矢量绘图中形状工具通常比路径工具使用起来更快速，编辑起来更方便。如果你对这些工具有一些改进的建议，请与开发人员联系。</flowDiv>
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