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<tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813" fill="#ffffff" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0">::FORMES</tspan>
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<!--Author: bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net-->
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Ce didacticiel aborde les quatre outils de formes : rectangle, ellipse, étoile et spirale. Nous verrons des exemples montrant les possibilités des formes d'Inkscape et suggérerons quand et comment les utiliser.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Faites défiler la page avec <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+flèche</flowSpan> ou avec la souris (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">molette</flowSpan> ou <flowSpan font-weight="bold">bouton du milieu</flowSpan>). Pour les bases de la création, sélection ou transformation d'objets, voyez le didacticiel basique du menu <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Aide > Didacticiels</flowSpan>.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape possède plusieurs <flowSpan font-style="italic">outils de formes</flowSpan> versatiles, chacun créant son propre type de forme. Une forme est un objet ayant un certain type de <flowSpan font-style="italic">poignées</flowSpan> déplaçables et des <flowSpan font-style="italic">paramètres</flowSpan> numériques permettant de modifier cette forme tout en conservant son type.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Par exemple, vous pouvez modifier le nombre de sommets d'une étoile, ou ses dimension, angle, arrondi etc. — mais une étoile reste une étoile. Une forme est donc "moins libre" qu'un chemin, mais souvent plus pratique et intéressante. Vous pouvez convertir une forme en chemin (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Maj+C</flowSpan>), mais pas l'inverse.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les outils de formes sont : l'outil <flowSpan font-style="italic">rectangle</flowSpan>, l'outil <flowSpan font-style="italic">ellipse</flowSpan>, l'outil <flowSpan font-style="italic">étoile</flowSpan> et l'outil <flowSpan font-style="italic">spirale</flowSpan>. Nous allons d'abord voir comment ces outils fonctionnent de manière générale, puis nous explorerons les possibilités particulières de chacun d'entre eux.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="294.141977" x="10">Principes généraux</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Une forme est créée sur le canevas par un <flowSpan font-weight="bold">cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> avec l'outil lui correspondant. Une fois la forme créée (et tant qu'elle est sélectionnée), elle affiche ses poignées (des marques en forme de diamant), de sorte que vous pouvez toujours la modifier en déplaçant ces poignées.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les quatre types de formes affichent leurs poignées dans les quatre outils de forme, mais aussi dans l'outil nœud (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F2</flowSpan>). Lorsque vous faites passer le curseur de la souris au-dessus d'une poignée, la barre d'état affiche des messages vous indiquant ce que vous pouvez faire en lui cliquant dessus ou en la déplaçant en combinaison avec différents raccourcis.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">De plus chaque outil de forme affiche ses paramètres dans la <flowSpan font-style="italic">barre de contrôle d'outil</flowSpan> (qui est affichée horizontalement au dessus du canevas). Elle comporte habituellement plusieurs champs numériques et un bouton de remise à zéro (retour aux valeurs par défaut) de ces champs. Quand une (ou des) formes de l'outil en cours d'utilisation est sélectionnée, modifier les valeurs de ces champs de la barre de contrôle permet de modifier la (ou les) forme sélectionnée.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Toute modification effectuée via la barre de contrôle est retenue afin d'être réappliquée à la prochaine forme que vous dessinerez avec cet outil. Par exemple, après avoir changé le nombre de sommets d'une étoile, les étoiles que vous créerez par la suite auront le même nombre de sommets. De plus, le simple fait de sélectionner une forme donnée envoie ses paramètres à la barre de contrôle d'outil et donc permet de définir les valeurs pour les formes de ce type que vous créerez après.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Lorsque vous utilisez un outil de forme, vous pouvez sélectionner un objet en <flowSpan font-weight="bold">cliquant</flowSpan> dessus.<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+ cliquer</flowSpan> (sélectionner au sein d'un groupe) et <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+cliquer</flowSpan> (sélectionner dessous) fonctionne aussi comme dans le sélecteur. <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Esc</flowSpan> permet de désélectionner.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="667.088016" x="10">Rectangles</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Le <flowSpan font-style="italic">rectangle</flowSpan> est la forme la plus simple mais sans doute la plus courante en design et en illustration. Inkscape tente de rendre la création et la modification des rectangles aussi simple et efficace que possible.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Passez à l'outil Rectangle en appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">F4</flowSpan> ou en cliquant sur son bouton dans la barre d'outils. Dessinez un nouveau rectangle à côté de celui-ci :</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text id="shapes-f01-fr.svgtext1578" opacity=".065574" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 767.73)" font-size="16.8" y="26.427183" x="44.104698" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f01-fr.svgtspan1451" y="26.427183" x="44.104698" role="line">dessinez ici</tspan></text>
<rect id="shapes-f01-fr.svgrect1449" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" transform="translate(10 767.73)" height="53.706" width="77.318" stroke="#000" y="0.625" x="184.79" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="d0e139" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="834.69" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e139"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Puis, sans quitter l'outil rectangle, passez d'un rectangle à l'autre en cliquant dessus.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e142" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="863.39" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e142"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Raccourcis de dessin des rectangle :</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 887.24)"/>
<rect id="d0e148" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="881.24" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e148"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">En appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>, vous pouvez dessiner un carré ou un rectangle de rapport de dimensions entier (2:1, 3:1, etc.).</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 916.06)"/>
<rect id="d0e155" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="910.06" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e155"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">En appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Maj</flowSpan>, vous pouvez dessiner autour du point de départ.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e162" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="938.44" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e162"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Comme vous pouvez le voir, le rectangle sélectionné (le rectangle qui vient d'être créé est toujours sélectionné) affiche trois poignées dans trois de ses coins. En fait, il y a quatre poignées, mais deux d'entre elles (dans le coin supérieur droit) se chevauchent si le rectangle n'est pas arrondi. Ces deux-là sont les <flowSpan font-style="italic">poignées d'arrondi</flowSpan>; les deux autres (en haut à gauche, et en bas à droite) sont les <flowSpan font-style="italic">poignées de redimensionnement</flowSpan>.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e171" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1018.8" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e171"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Voyons les poignées d'arrondi d'abord. Saisissez l'une d'elles, et déplacez-la vers le bas. Les quatres coins du rectangle deviennent arrondis, et vous pouvez maintenant voir la deuxième poignée d'arrondi — qui est toujours au même emplacement dans le coin. Si vous voulez obtenir des coins arrondis circulairement, vous n'avez plus rien à faire. Si vous voulez des arrondis avec un rayon différent selon le côté, vous pouvez déplacer la deuxième poignée vers la gauche.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e174" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1111.4" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e174"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Ici, les deux premiers rectangles ont des coins arrondis circulairement et les deux autres des coins arrondis elliptiquement :</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text id="shapes-f02-fr.svgtext3150" line-height="120.00000%" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 1147.8)" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" font-size="5.9589" y="4.9780722" x="196.08449" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f02-fr.svgtspan3151" y="4.9780722" x="196.08449" role="line">coins arrondis elliptiques</tspan></text>
<text id="shapes-f02-fr.svgtext3143" line-height="120.00000%" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 1147.8)" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" font-size="5.9589" y="-2.6239278" x="47.265598" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f02-fr.svgtspan3144" sodipodi:role="line" x="47.265598" y="-2.6239278"/><tspan id="shapes-f02-fr.svgtspan3146"/><tspan id="shapes-f02-fr.svgtspan3148" y="4.5267232" x="47.265598" role="line">Coins arrondis circulaires</tspan></text>
<rect id="shapes-f02-fr.svgrect1185" ry="7.1429" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" transform="translate(10 1147.8)" height="33.94" width="56.849" stroke="#000" y="11.833" x="17.277" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="shapes-f02-fr.svgrect1186" ry="16.97" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" transform="translate(10 1147.8)" height="33.94" width="56.849" stroke="#000" y="11.833" x="92.003" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="shapes-f02-fr.svgrect1187" ry="16.97" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" rx="6.6372" transform="translate(10 1147.8)" height="33.94" width="56.849" stroke="#000" y="11.833" x="168.13" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="shapes-f02-fr.svgrect1188" ry="5.9394" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" rx="24.046" transform="translate(10 1147.8)" height="33.94" width="56.849" stroke="#000" y="11.833" x="242.69" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="d0e187" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1206.2" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e187"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Toujours avec l'outil rectangle, cliquez sur ces rectangle pour les sélectionner et observez leurs poignées d'arrondi.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e190" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1234.7" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e190"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Souvent, le rayon et la forme des coins arrondis doivent garder les mêmes proportions au sein d'une composition, même si les dimensions des rectangles sont différentes (comme dans des diagrammes formés de boîtes arrondies de différentes tailles). Inkscape permet cela facilement. Passez à l'outil sélecteur; dans la barre de contrôle de cet outil, il y a un groupe de quatre boutons enfonçables, le second affichant deux coins arrondis concentriques. Ce bouton vous permet de déterminer si les rayons des coins arrondis doivent être mis à l'échelle ou non quand vous redimensionnez un rectangle.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e193" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1348.3" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e193"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Ici par exemple, le rectangle original rouge a été dupliqué et ses dimensions changées (augmentées et diminuées) plusieurs fois selon différentes proportions, le bouton "préserver l'échelle des arrondis" étant <flowSpan font-style="italic">décoché</flowSpan> :</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text id="shapes-f03-fr.svgtext3161" sodipodi:linespacing="140.00000%" transform="translate(10 1404.8)" xml:space="preserve" line-height="140.00000%" font-size="5.9589" y="145.20607" x="37.091438" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f03-fr.svgtspan3162" y="145.20607" x="37.091438" role="line">Rectangles arrondis redimensionnés </tspan><tspan id="shapes-f03-fr.svgtspan3166" y="153.54850" x="37.091438" role="line">avec "préserver l'échelle des arrondis" décoché</tspan><tspan id="shapes-f03-fr.svgtspan3164" y="161.89092" x="37.091438" sodipodi:role="line"/></text>
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<rect id="shapes-f03-fr.svgrect2133" ry="16.97" stroke-dasharray="0.62500000 1.2500000" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".11037" rx="6.6372" transform="translate(10 1404.8)" height="63.106" width="196.91" stroke="#000" y=".32092" x="69.228" stroke-width=".625" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="shapes-f03-fr.svgrect2756" ry="16.97" stroke-dasharray="0.62500000 1.2500000" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".11037" rx="6.6372" transform="translate(10 1404.8)" height="105.78" width="151.47" stroke="#000" y=".32849" x="114.8" stroke-width=".625" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="shapes-f03-fr.svgrect2130" ry="16.97" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" rx="6.6372" transform="translate(10 1404.8)" height="63.106" width="82.83" stroke="#000" y=".32092" x="183.43" stroke-width=".625" fill="#ff0004"/>
<rect id="shapes-f03-fr.svgrect2757" ry="16.97" stroke-dasharray="0.62500000 1.2500000" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".11037" rx="6.6371" transform="translate(10 1404.8)" height="55.115" width="60.756" stroke="#000" y=".33191" x="205.56" stroke-width=".625" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="shapes-f03-fr.svgrect2759" ry="16.97" stroke-dasharray="0.62500000 1.2500000" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".11037" rx="6.6372" transform="translate(10 1404.8)" height="149.52" width="47.954" stroke="#000" y=".33081" x="218.34" stroke-width=".625" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="shapes-f03-fr.svgrect2758" ry="16.97" stroke-dasharray="0.62500000 1.2500000" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".11037" rx="6.6371" transform="translate(10 1404.8)" height="28.79" width="38.352" stroke="#000" y=".31225" x="227.64" stroke-width=".625" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="shapes-f03-fr.svgrect1911" ry="16.97" stroke-dasharray="0.62499992 1.2499998" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".11037" rx="6.6371" transform="translate(10 1404.8)" height="41.087" width="229.82" stroke="#000" y=".35815" x="36.352" stroke-width="0.625" fill="#00f"/>
<rect id="d0e209" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1571.6" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e209"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Notez que la taille et la forme des coins arrondis restent les mêmes pour tous les rectangles, de sorte que les coins arrondis se superposent exactement en haut à droite de la figure. Tous les rectangles bleus en pointillés ont été obtenus après un redimensionnement de l'original dans le sélecteur, sans avoir réajusté les poignées d'arrondi.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e212" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1642.9" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e212"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Pour comparer, voici la même composition, mais créée cette fois-ci le bouton "préserver l'échelle des arrondis" étant <flowSpan font-style="italic">coché</flowSpan> :</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text id="shapes-f04-fr.svgtext3168" sodipodi:linespacing="140.00000%" transform="translate(10 1679.6)" xml:space="preserve" line-height="140.00000%" font-size="5.9589" y="145.20508" x="37.091438" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f04-fr.svgtspan3169" y="145.20508" x="37.091438" role="line">Rectangles arrondis redimensionnés </tspan><tspan id="shapes-f04-fr.svgtspan3171" y="153.54750" x="37.091438" role="line">avec "préserver l'échelle des arrondis" coché</tspan><tspan id="shapes-f04-fr.svgtspan3173" y="161.88993" x="37.091438" sodipodi:role="line"/></text>
<rect id="shapes-f04-fr.svgrect2217" fill-opacity=".11037" transform="translate(10 1679.6)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="0.625" fill="#00f" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="15.76" ry="16.984" width="196.68" height="63.16" stroke-dasharray="0.62499982 1.2499996" y=".40561" x="62.142"/>
<rect id="shapes-f04-fr.svgrect2218" fill-opacity=".11037" transform="translate(10 1679.6)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="0.625" fill="#00f" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="15.76" ry="32.93" width="196.68" height="122.46" stroke-dasharray="0.62499984 1.2499996" y=".33054" x="62.142"/>
<rect id="shapes-f04-fr.svgrect2216" fill-opacity=".11037" transform="translate(10 1679.6)" stroke="#000" stroke-width=".625" fill="#00f" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="12.157" ry="28.506" width="151.72" height="106.01" stroke-dasharray="0.62500000 1.2500000" y=".35556" x="107.19"/>
<rect id="shapes-f04-fr.svgrect1589" ry="16.97" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" rx="6.6372" transform="translate(10 1679.6)" height="63.106" width="82.83" stroke="#000" y=".31943" x="176.34" stroke-width=".625" fill="#ff0004"/>
<rect id="shapes-f04-fr.svgrect2220" fill-opacity=".11037" transform="translate(10 1679.6)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="0.625" fill="#00f" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="3.8557" ry="40.031" width="48.118" height="148.86" stroke-dasharray="0.62500035 1.2500006" y=".32016" x="210.94"/>
<rect id="shapes-f04-fr.svgrect2221" fill-opacity=".11037" transform="translate(10 1679.6)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="0.625" fill="#00f" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="4.8443" ry="14.801" width="60.456" height="55.042" stroke-dasharray="0.62500014 1.2500003" y=".38217" x="198.64"/>
<rect id="shapes-f04-fr.svgrect2222" fill-opacity=".11037" transform="translate(10 1679.6)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="0.625" fill="#00f" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="3.0813" ry="7.8653" width="38.454" height="29.249" stroke-dasharray="0.62499970 1.2499994" y=".31296" x="220.76"/>
<rect id="shapes-f04-fr.svgrect1912" fill-opacity=".11037" transform="translate(10 1679.6)" stroke="#000" stroke-width=".625" fill="#00f" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="18.207" ry="11.527" width="227.21" height="42.865" stroke-dasharray="0.62499996 1.2499999" y=".31247" x="31.024"/>
<rect id="d0e228" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1846.4" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e228"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Maintenant, les rectangles ont tous des coins arrondis différemment, et il n'y a plus aucune superposition en haut à droite (zommez pour le vérifier). Ce résultat (visible) est le même que celui que vous auriez obtenu en convertissant le rectangle original en chemin (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Maj+C</flowSpan>) puis en modifiant les dimensions de ce chemin.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e234" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1907.1" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e234"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Voici les raccourcis permettant de manipuler les poignées d'arrondi d'un rectangle :</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 1941.9)"/>
<rect id="d0e240" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1935.9" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e240"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Déplacez-les en appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> pour garder égaux les deux rayons (arrondi circulaire).</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 1970.7)"/>
<rect id="d0e247" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1964.7" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e247"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+cliquer</flowSpan> sur une poignée rendra son rayon égal à celui de la deuxième sans avoir à la déplacer.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 1999.4)"/>
<rect id="d0e253" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1993.4" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e253"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Maj+clicquer</flowSpan> permet de supprimer l'arrondi.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e259" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="2011.3" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e259"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Vous avez peut-être remarqué que la barre de contrôle de l'outil rectangle affiche deux champs pour les rayons horizontal (<flowSpan font-style="italic">Rx</flowSpan>) et vertical (<flowSpan font-style="italic">Ry</flowSpan>) d'arrondi pour le rectangle sélectionné , vous permettant ainsi de modifier précisément ces rayons dans l'unité de votre choix. Le bouton <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Pas d'arrondi</flowSpan> fait simplement ce qu'il indique : il supprime l'arrondi des rectangles sélectionnés.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e271" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="2082.7" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e271"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Un avantage important de ces contrôles est qu'ils peuvent affecter plusieurs rectangles en même temps. Par exemple, si vous voulez modifier tous les rectangles d'un calque, vous n'avez qu'à appuyer sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+A</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-family="Sans">tout sélectionner</flowSpan>) et définir les paramètres voulus dans la barre de contrôle. Si des objets autres que des rectangles sont sélectionnés, ils seront ignorés — seuls les formes rectangles seront modifiées.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e280" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="2163" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e280"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Maintenant, observons les poignées de redimensionnement d'un rectangle. Vous vous demandez peut-être à quoi elles servent puisqu'il est possible de redimensionner un rectangle avec le sélecteur ?</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e283" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="2202.5" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e283"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Le problème avec le sélecteur est que pour lui, les notions d'horizontale et de verticale sont celles de la page. En revanche, les poignées de redimensionnement d'un rectangle agissent <flowSpan font-style="italic">parallèlement à ses côtés</flowSpan>, même si le rectangle a été tourné ou incliné. Par exemple, essayez de redimensionner ce rectangle d'abord avec le sélecteur puis avec ses poignées de redimensionnement dans l'outil rectangle :</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="shapes-f05-fr.svgrect2270" fill-opacity=".99666" transform="translate(10 2292.5) matrix(.69601 -.71803 -.95272 -.30385 0 0)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="5.8251" ry="3.8355" width="41.625" height="64.103" y="-179.49" x="7.7759"/>
<rect id="d0e299" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="2353.1" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e299"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Comme il y a deux poignées de redimensionnement, vous pouvez modifier les dimensions du rectangle selon n'importe quelle direction et même parallèlement à ses côtés. Le redimensionnement préserve les rayons d'arrondi des coins.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e302" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="2403.1" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e302"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Voici les raccourcis permettant de manipuler les poignées de redimensionnement d'un rectangle :</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 2438)"/>
<rect id="d0e308" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="2432" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e308"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Déplacez-les en appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> pour forcer leur déplacement parallèlement aux côtés du rectangle ou à sa diagonale. Autrement dit, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> permet de préserver la largeur ou la hauteur ou encore le ratio largeur/hauteur du rectangle (dans son propre système de coordonnées qui peut être tourné ou incliné).</flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e318"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Voici le même rectangle, entouré de lignes pointillées grises indiquant les directions dans lesquelles vous pouvez déplacer ses poignées de redimensionnement en appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> (essayez):</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot id="shapes-f06-fr.svgflowRoot2609" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 2550.3)" font-size="6" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000"><flowRegion id="shapes-f06-fr.svgflowRegion2611"><rect id="shapes-f06-fr.svgrect2613" height="26.786" width="115" y="120.93" x="78.571"/></flowRegion><flowPara id="shapes-f06-fr.svgflowPara2615">Faire coller le rectangle - redimensionner les poignées avec Ctrl</flowPara></flowRoot>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">En inclinant et en tournant un rectangle, puis en le dupliquant et en modifiant ses dimensions avec ses poignées de redimensionnement, vous pouvez facilement créer des dessins en 3D :</flowDiv>
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<rect id="shapes-f07-fr.svgrect3608" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 2751.3) matrix(.99472 .10266 0 1 0 0)" height="30.543" width="25.67" stroke="#fff" y="-2.7308" x="133.79" stroke-width=".37599" fill="#ff6300"/>
<rect id="shapes-f07-fr.svgrect3611" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 2751.3) matrix(.91237 -.40937 0 1 0 0)" height="30.657" width="9.7845" stroke="#fff" y="170.05" x="234.5" stroke-width=".39259" fill="#ff6300"/>
<rect id="shapes-f07-fr.svgrect3612" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 2751.3) matrix(.99480 .10183 -.91351 .40681 0 0)" height="18.241" width="25.212" stroke="#fff" y="-24.113" x="128.84" stroke-width=".53154" fill="#ff6300"/>
<rect id="shapes-f07-fr.svgrect1913" style="color:#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 2751.3) matrix(.91237 -.40937 0 1 0 0)" height="20.233" width="31.198" stroke="#fff" y="106.61" x="224.88" stroke-width=".39259" fill="#ff6300"/>
<flowRoot id="shapes-f07-fr.svgflowRoot2632" style="text-anchor:middle;text-align:center" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(8 2741.3)" font-size="6px" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000"><flowRegion id="shapes-f07-fr.svgflowRegion2634"><rect id="shapes-f07-fr.svgrect2636" height="43.571" width="61.786" y="61.648" x="27.5"/></flowRegion><flowPara id="shapes-f07-fr.svgflowPara2638">3 rectangles originaux</flowPara></flowRoot>
<flowRoot id="shapes-f07-fr.svgflowRoot2640" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 2751.3)" font-size="6" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000"><flowRegion id="shapes-f07-fr.svgflowRegion2642"><rect id="shapes-f07-fr.svgrect2644" height="90.357" width="56.786" y="12.005" x="241.07"/></flowRegion><flowPara id="shapes-f07-fr.svgflowPara2646">Différents rectangles copiés et redimensionnés à l'aide les poignées, la plupart avec Ctrl</flowPara></flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Voici quelques exemples de plus de compositions avec des rectangles, incluant des coins arrondis et des dégradés de remplissage :</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="3051.2095446000003" x="10">Ellipses</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">L'outil ellipse (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F5</flowSpan>) permet de créer des ellipses et des cercles, que vous pouvez transformer en camemberts ou en arcs. Les raccourcis sont les mêmes que ceux de l'outil rectangle :</flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e375"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">En appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>, vous pouvez dessiner un cercle ou une ellipse de ratio entier (2:1, 3:1, etc.).</flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e382"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">En appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Maj</flowSpan>, vous pouvez dessiner autour du point de départ.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Intéressons-nous aux poignées d'une ellipse. Sélectionnez l'ellipse suivante :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">une fois de plus, vous ne voyez d'abord que trois poignées, mais en fait il y en a quatre. Celle de droite est en fait deux poignées qui se superposent et qui permettent "d'ouvrir" l'ellipse. En déplaçant la première de ces poignées, la deuxième devient visible; déplacer ces poignées vous permettent d'obtenir toute sorte d'arcs ou de camemberts (portions d'ellipse en forme de part de tarte) :</flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e415"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Pour obtenir un <flowSpan font-style="italic">camembert</flowSpan> (un arc avec ses deux rayons), déplacez la poignée vers l'<flowSpan font-style="italic">extérieur</flowSpan> de l'ellipse; pour obtenir un <flowSpan font-style="italic">arc</flowSpan>, déplacez-la vers l'<flowSpan font-style="italic">intérieur</flowSpan>. Ci-dessus, vous pouvez voir 4 camemberts à gauche et 3 arcs à droite. Notez que les arcs sont des formes ouvertes, c'est à dire que le contour court le long de l'ellipse mais ne relie pas les extrémités de l'arc. Ceci devient évident si vous supprimez le remplissage, ne gardant visible que le contour :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Voyez le groupe de camemberts ressemblant à un ventilateur sur la gauche. Le créer a été facile, en déplaçant les poignées par <flowSpan font-style="italic">incréments d'angle</flowSpan> avec la touche <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>. Voici les raccourcis des poignées arc/camembert :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">En appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>, forcez des modifications d'angle par incréments de 15 degrés lors des déplacements de ces poignées.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Maj+cliquer</flowSpan> sur ces poignées permet de refermer ces arcs/camemberts pour en refaire des ellipses.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">L'incrément d'angle par défaut peut être modifié dans les préférences d'Inkscape (dans l'onglet <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Incréments</flowSpan>).</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les deux autres poignées d'une ellipse sont utilisées pour la redimensionner autour de son centre. Les raccourcis qui y sont associés sont similaires à ceux des poignées d'arrondi d'un rectangle :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Déplacez-les tout en appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> pour faire un cercle (garder les deux rayons égaux).</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+cliquer</flowSpan> sur une de ces poignées permet de transformer l'ellipse en cercle sans déplacer de poignée.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Et, tout comme les poignées de redimensionnement d'un rectangle, ces poignées permettent d'ajuster la largeur et la hauteur d'une ellipse dans son <flowSpan font-style="italic">propre système de coordonnées</flowSpan>. Ce qui signifie qu'une ellipse qui a été tournée ou inclinée peut facilement être redimensionnée parallèlement à ses axes. Essayez de modifier les dimensions de ces ellipses en utilisant leurs poignées de redimensionnement :</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="4041.5973036000014" x="10">Etoiles</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les étoiles sont les formes les plus complexes et les plus intéressantes. Si vous voulez épater vos amis avec Inkscape, laissez-les s'amuser un peu avec l'outil étoile. Il est particulièrement amusant — ça devient presque une drogue !</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">L'outil étoile permet de créer deux types de formes similaires : des étoiles et des polygones. Une étoile a deux poignées dont les positions définissent la longueur et la forme de ses branches; un polygone n'a qu'une poignée qui permet en la déplaçant de redimensionner et tourner ce polygone :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Dans la barre de contrôle de l'outil étoile vient d'abord une boîte permettant de passer du mode étoile à polygone et inversement. Puis un champ numérique permet de définir le <flowSpan font-style="italic">nombre de sommets</flowSpan> d'une étoile ou d'un polygone. Ce paramètre n'est modifiable que depuis cette barre de contrôle, et peut varier de 3 (évidemment) à 1024, mais vous devriez éviter d'entrer un trop grand nombre (disons, plus de 200) si votre ordinateur n'est pas très puissant.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Quand vous dessinez une nouvelle étoile ou un nouveau polygone,</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Déplacez une poignée en appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> pour forcer des modifications d'angle par incréments de 15 degrés.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Par nature, une étoile est une des formes les plus intéressantes (bien qu'en pratique les polygones soient souvent plus utiles). Les deux poignées d'une étoile ont des fonctions légèrement différentes. La première poignée (lors de la création de l'étoile, elle se trouve sur une pointe, c'est à dire un coin <flowSpan font-style="italic">convexe</flowSpan> de l'étoile) permet d'allonger ou raccourcir les branches de l'étoile, mais si vous la tournez (relativement au centre de la forme), l'autre poignée accompagne cette rotation. Ceci implique que vous ne pouvez pas incliner les branches de l'étoile avec cette poignée.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Par contre, l'autre poignée (située initialement sur un coin <flowSpan font-style="italic">concave</flowSpan> entre deux pointes) est libre de se déplacer radialement et tangentiellement, sans affecter la poignée au bout d'une pointe (en fait cette poignée peut devenir à son tour la poignée de pointe si elle est déplacée plus loin du centre que l'autre poignée). Avec cette poignée, vous pouvez incliner les branches de l'étoile pour obtenir toutes sortes de cristaux, mandalas et flocons :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Si vous voulez juste obtenir une étoile simple, sans de telles dentelles, vous pouvez restreindre le comportement de cette poignée de façon à éviter toute inclinaison :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Déplacer la poignée en appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> permet de garder l'étoile strictement radiale (sans inclinaison).</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+cliquer</flowSpan> sur la poignée permet de supprimer l'inclinaison sans la déplacer.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">En complément utile des possibilités de déplacement des poignées sur le canevas, la barre de contrôle comprend un champ <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Ratio des rayons</flowSpan> qui définit le rapport entre les distances séparant chacune des poignée du centre.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les étoiles d'Inkscape ont deux astuces de plus dans leur sac. En géométrie, un polygone est une forme composée de segments de droites avec des coins anguleux. Dans le monde réel, un certain degré de courbure est parfois présent — et Inkscape peut gérer cela aussi. Cependant, arrondir une étoile ou un polygone est un peu différent d'arrondir un rectangle. Vous n'avez pas de poignée dédiée à cette operation, mais,</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Maj+cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> tangentiellement une poignée permet d'arrondir une étoile ou un polygone.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Maj+cliquer</flowSpan> sur une poignée permet de supprimer l'arrondi.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">"Tangentiellement" signifie dans une direction perpendiculaire à celle d'un rayon. Si vous 'tournez' une poignée en sens anti-horaire, vous augmentez l'arrondi; en sens horaire, vous le diminuez (voyez plus loin ci-dessous pour des exemples d'arrondi négatif).</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Voici une comparaison entre un carré arrondi (issu de l'outil rectangle) et un quadrilatère arrondi (issu de l'outil étoile) :</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot id="shapes-f15-fr.svgflowRoot2696" style="text-anchor:middle;text-align:center" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(.29604 29.62)" line-height="125%" font-size="10px" font-family="Sans" fill="#ffffff"><flowRegion id="shapes-f15-fr.svgflowRegion2698"><rect id="shapes-f15-fr.svgrect2700" height="85.863" width="82.327" y="2.3086" x="159.1" fill="#fff"/></flowRegion><flowPara id="shapes-f15-fr.svgflowPara2702">Polygone arrondi</flowPara></flowRoot>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Comme vous pouvez le voir, alors qu'un rectangle arrondi a des côtés droits et des coins arrondis (circulairement ou elliptiquement), un polygone ou une étoile arrondi n'a aucun segment rectiligne; ses courbures varient régulièrement entre un maximum (dans les coins) et un miminum (entre deux coins). Inkscape opère ceci en ajoutant deux tangentes de Bézier colineaires à chaque nœud de la forme (vous pouvez les voir en convertissant la forme en chemin et en l'examinant avec l'outil nœud).</flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e631"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Le paramètre d'<flowSpan font-family="Sans">arrondi</flowSpan> que vous pouvez ajuster dans la barre de contrôle est le rapport entre la longueur de ces tangentes et celle du côté adjacent de l'étoile/polygone. Ce paramètre peut être négatif, inversant ainsi la direction des tangentes. Des valeurs de 0.2 à 0.4 donnent une courbure 'normale' (assez courante); des valeurs plus importantes conduisent à des formes superbes, inextricables et totalement imprévisibles. Une étoile avec une grande valeur d'arrondi peut facilement dépasser les limites fixées habituellement par ses poignées. Voici quelques exemples, indiquant chacun sa valeur d'arrondi :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Si vous voulez que les pointes d'une étoile soient pointues et que les creux soient arrondis ou l'inverse, il suffit simplement de créer un <flowSpan font-style="italic">offset</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+J</flowSpan>) de cette étoile :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Maj+cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> les poignées d'une étoile dans Inkscape est une des plus merveilleuses activités connues de l'être humain. Mais on peut faire encore mieux.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Afin d'imiter encore mieux les formes du monde réel, Inkscape peut rendre <flowSpan font-style="italic">aléatoires</flowSpan> (c'est à dire déformer aléatoirement) ses étoiles et polygones. Un peu de hasard rend une étoile moins régulière, plus 'humaine', souvent amusante; un hasard plus important est une façon distrayante d'obtenir toute une variété de formes complètement imprédictibles. Une étoile arrondie garde des courbures douces quand elle est rendue aléatoire. Voici les raccourcis :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> tangentiellement une poignée permet de rendre une étoile ou un polygone aléatoire.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+cliquer</flowSpan> sur une poignée permet de supprimer le hasard.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Lors de l'édition (avec les poignées) d'une étoile aléatoire, celle-ci 'tremblera' car chaque position précise de ses poignées correspond à une unique quantité de hasard. Donc, déplacer une poignée sans appuyer sur Alt réinitialise ce hasard en conservant son niveau, tandis que Alt+cliquer-déplacer préserve ce hasard mais ajuste son niveau. Voici des étoiles dont les paramètres sont identiques, mais chacune d'entre elle a vu sa quantité de hasard mise à jour en déplaçant très légèrement sa poignée (la quantité de hasard varie de 0.1 tout au long de la figure suivante) :</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e705"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Et voici l'étoile du milieu de la figure ci-dessus, avec une quantité de hasard variant entre -0.2 et 0.2 :</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e718" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="6174.7" x="10"/>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e718"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Essayez de <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> une poignée de l'étoile du milieu de la figure ci-dessus et observez comment elle passe de la forme de celle de gauche à la forme de celle de droite — et même au delà.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e724" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="6214.2" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e724"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Vous trouverez probablement vos propres applications aux étoiles aléatoires, j'avoue aimer particulièrement les éclaboussures en forme d'amibes et les grandes planètes irrégulières aux paysages fantastiques :</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="6475.9283031999985" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="6475.9283031999985" x="10">Spirales</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les spirales d'Inkscape sont des formes versatiles, et bien qu'elles ne soient pas aussi captivantes que les étoiles, elles sont parfois utiles. Une spirale, comme une étoile, est dessinée autour de son centre; lors de sa création tout comme lors de son édition,</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Déplacez une poignée en appuyant sur <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> pour forcer des modifications d'angle par incréments de 15 degrés.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Une fois créée, une spirale possède deux poignées, intérieure et extérieure. Les deux poignées peuvent être simplement déplacées pour enrouler ou dérouler (c'est à dire la prolonger, en modifiant le nombre de ses tours) la spirale. Voici les autres raccourcis :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Poignée extérieure :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Maj+cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> permet de redimensionner/tourner la spirale autour de son centre (sans l'enrouler ou la dérouler).</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> pour verrouiller le rayon de la spirale pendant que vous l'enroulez ou la déroulez.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Poignée intérieure :</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> verticalement permet de faire converger/diverger la spirale.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+cliquer</flowSpan> permet de remettre la divergence à zéro.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Maj+cliquer</flowSpan> permet de déplacer la poignée intérieure au centre.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">La <flowSpan font-style="italic">divergence</flowSpan> d'une spirale est la mesure de la non-linéarité de ses enroulements. Quand la divergence vaut 1, la spirale est uniforme; inférieure à 1 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> vers le haut), la spirale devient plus dense à sa périphérie; supérieure à 1 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+cliquer-déplacer</flowSpan> vers le bas), la spirale est plus dense en son centre :</flowDiv>
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<text id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtext2982" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" transform="translate(10 6845.6)" xml:space="preserve" line-height="120.00000%" font-size="5.365" y="-2.4563127" x="285.30881" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtspan2971" y="-2.4563127" x="285.30881" sodipodi:role="line"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtspan2973"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtspan2975" y="3.9817331" x="285.30881" role="line">6</tspan></text>
<text id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtext3039" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" transform="translate(10 6845.6)" xml:space="preserve" line-height="120.00000%" font-size="5.365" y="-2.4563127" x="227.84541" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtspan2964" y="-2.4563127" x="227.84541" sodipodi:role="line"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtspan2966"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtspan2968" y="3.9817331" x="227.84541" role="line">2</tspan></text>
<text id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtext2960" sodipodi:linespacing="120.00000%" transform="translate(10 6845.6)" xml:space="preserve" line-height="120.00000%" font-size="5.365" y="-2.4563127" x="167.37082" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtspan2956" y="-2.4563127" x="167.37082" sodipodi:role="line"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtspan2958"/><tspan id="shapes-f21-fr.svgtspan2960" y="3.9817331" x="167.37082" role="line">1</tspan></text>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Le nombre maximum de tours d'une spirale est 1024.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Tout comme l'outil ellipse ne se limite pas aux ellipses, mais permet de créer des arcs (des lignes à la courbure constante), l'outil spirale permet de créer des lignes à la courbure <flowSpan font-style="italic">variant régulièrement</flowSpan>. Comparé à une courbe de Bézier, un arc de spirale est souvent plus pratique car vous pouvez l'allonger ou le racourcir en déplaçant une poignée le long de la courbe sans modifier sa forme. De plus, alors qu'une spirale est habituellement dessinée sans remplissage, vous pouvez en ajouter un et retirer le contour afin d'obtenir des effets intéressants.</flowDiv>
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<path id="shapes-f22-fr.svgpath3003" sodipodi:argument="-17.513800" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1.4463pt" fill="none" style="color:#000000" transform="translate(10 7049.6) matrix(.69140 0 0 .69140 -6.2038 -4382.3)" sodipodi:t0="0.64947820" sodipodi:radius="32.027428" sodipodi:expansion="1.0000000" sodipodi:revolution="2.8106463" sodipodi:type="spiral" d="m171.5 6461.9c-1.86 12.1-13.94 20-25.81 18-13.63-2.2-22.45-15.8-20.15-29.2 2.61-15.2 17.81-24.9 32.7-22.3 15.51 2.8 26.13 17.7 24.73 33.2" sodipodi:cy="6456.9546" sodipodi:cx="151.28812"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les spirales avec des contours en pointillés sont particulièrement intéressantes — elles combinent la concentration naturelle de la forme avec l'espacement régulier des pointillés pour fournir de superbes effets de moiré :</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="7341.574429299995" x="10">Conclusion</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les outils de formes d'Inkscape sont particulièrement puissants. Initiez-vous à leurs astuces à loisir — ce sera payant pour tout travail de design car, utiliser des formes au lieu de chemins rend la création d'un dessin vectoriel plus rapide et sa modification plus facile. Si vous avez des idées pour améliorer d'une façon quelconque les outils de formes, n'hésitez pas à contacter les développeurs.</flowDiv>
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