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<tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813" fill="#ffffff" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0">::基础</tspan>
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<!--Author: 作者：bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net-->
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">本教程描述了Inkscape的基本操作方法。本文档以Inkscape的通用文件格式保存，你可以用Inkscape进行查看、复制、编辑、保存等操作。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">该教程的主要内容包括：画布浏览、文档管理、形状工具基础，图形选取、变形，群组、填充与轮廓、对齐和叠放。对更复杂的操作，请在帮助菜单中选择其它相关教程。</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="114.879214" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="114.879214" x="10">平移画布</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">平移画布(卷屏)的方法有很多种。使用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+arrow</flowSpan>键可以用键盘卷屏。(你可以尝试这些按键来卷动本文档。) 也可以通过鼠标中键来拖动画布，或者使用屏幕边缘的滚动条(使用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+B</flowSpan>来显示或隐藏滚动条)。鼠标滚轮<flowSpan font-weight="bold">wheel</flowSpan>可以上下卷动画布，按住<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan>键，配合滚轮则可以水平卷动。</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="185.47114800000003" x="10">放大与缩小</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">最简单的缩放操作是通过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">-</flowSpan>和<flowSpan font-weight="bold">+</flowSpan>（或<flowSpan font-weight="bold">=</flowSpan>）键。也可以通过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+middle click</flowSpan> 或 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+right click</flowSpan>来放大，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+middle click</flowSpan> 或 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+right click</flowSpan> 来缩小画布。也可以用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>键配合鼠标滚轮来缩放。或者在窗口右下角的缩放输入框中输入一个准确的百分比数值。在工具栏中也有缩放按钮，可以缩放到用户选定的区域（对象）。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape还会记录当前工作会话中使用的缩放历史，按<flowSpan font-weight="bold">`</flowSpan>键回到上一次的缩放比例，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+`</flowSpan>键来恢复撤销的缩放比例。 </flowDiv>
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<tspan y="295.394039" x="10">Inkscape工具列</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape中的绘图和修改工具集中在左侧的竖直工具列中。在窗口的上方，菜单下面是<flowSpan font-style="italic">命令栏(Commands bar)</flowSpan>，提供了通用的一些控制命令，下面的<flowSpan font-style="italic">工具控制栏(Tool Controls bar)</flowSpan>则跟具体的绘图工具有关。窗口底部的<flowSpan font-style="italic">状态栏(status bar)</flowSpan>则实时显示一些操作提示和信息。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">很多操作都有对应的快捷键,在帮助菜单中选择 鼠标与快捷键(Help > Keys and Mouse)获取详细的说明。</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="395.61248900000004" x="10">创建和管理文档</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">To create a new empty document, use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">File > New > Default</flowSpan>
or press <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+N</flowSpan>. To create a new document from one of Inkscape's many
templates, use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">File > New > Templates...</flowSpan> or press
<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+N</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">To open an existing SVG document, use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">File >
Open</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+O</flowSpan>). To save, use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">File > Save</flowSpan>
(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+S</flowSpan>), or <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Save As</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+S</flowSpan>)
to save under a new name. (Inkscape may still be unstable, so remember to save
often!)</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape使用SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics可缩放矢量图形)文件格式。 SVG是一种被各种绘图软件广泛支持的开放文件标准。SVG文件是基于XML的，可以用任何文本和XML编辑器来编辑(Inkscape不属于这种文本编辑器)。除SVG外，Inkscape也可以导入和导出其它一些文件格式(EPS,PNG等)。 </flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape为每个文档打开一个独立的窗口。你可以用操作系统中的窗口管理器来在各个窗口间切换(例如<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+Tab</flowSpan>键)，也可以使用Inkscape中内置的快捷键<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Tab</flowSpan>在文档间循环切换。(现在可以新建一个文档，尝试在本文档和新文档间切换。) 注意：Inkscape将这些窗口看成类似于浏览器的标签页Tabs，即<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Tab</flowSpan>只对同一个进程中的文档有效。如果你从文件管理器或Inkscape图标打开多个进程，这个快捷键将无效。</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="629.732529" x="10">创建形状</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">下面我们开始创建一些很漂亮的图形！在工具列中选择矩形工具(Rectangle)(快捷键<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F4</flowSpan>),在(本文档或新文档的)绘图区中点击、拖动： </flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">As you can see, default rectangles come up blue, with a black <flowSpan font-style="italic">stroke</flowSpan> (outline),
and fully opaque. We'll see how to change that below. With other tools, you can
also create ellipses, stars, and spirals:</flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e199"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这些工具统称为形状工具<flowSpan font-style="italic">shape tools</flowSpan>。 新创建的每一个形状上都有一个或更多四边形的控制器(<flowSpan font-style="italic">handles</flowSpan>)； 试一下拖动这些控制器会产生什么样的效果。在工具控制栏中也可以对形状进行修改。工具控制栏只对当前选中的形状有效(显示出四边形控制器的)，但同时也会成为当前形状工具的缺省参数，影响下次创建的图形。 </flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e208"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">按键<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Z</flowSpan>可以<flowSpan font-style="italic">撤销(undo)</flowSpan>上一次操作。(如果你又改变注意了，可以用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+Z</flowSpan>来<flowSpan font-style="italic">恢复(redo)</flowSpan>撤销的操作。) </flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="960.4896759999999" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="960.4896759999999" x="10">移动、缩放和旋转</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e229"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape中最常用的工具是<flowSpan font-style="italic">拾取器(Selector)</flowSpan>，位于工具列的顶端(箭头形状)，对应快捷键<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F1</flowSpan> 或者 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">空格(Space)</flowSpan>。现在你可以选择当前画布上的任何对象。请点击下面的矩形。 </flowDiv>
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<rect id="d0e251" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1066.7" x="10"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">可以看到，选择对象的周围出现八个带箭头的控制器。下面你可以：</flowDiv>
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<rect id="d0e258" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1084.6" x="20"/>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e258"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过拖动来<flowSpan font-style="italic">移动</flowSpan>对象。(按下<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>来进行水平或竖直移动。) </flowDiv>
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<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 1108.5)"/>
<rect id="d0e270" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1102.5" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e270"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过拖动任意的控制器来<flowSpan font-style="italic">缩放</flowSpan>。(按下<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>以保持原始的宽度-高度比例。)</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e280"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">再次在矩形上单击，控制器会发生变化，现在你可以： </flowDiv>
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<rect id="d0e287" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1150.1" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e287"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">拖动对象角落上的控制器来<flowSpan font-style="italic">旋转</flowSpan>。(按下<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>以保持旋转的角度为15度的整数倍。) </flowDiv>
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<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 1185.7)"/>
<rect id="d0e299" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1179.7" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e299"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">拖动中间的控制器来<flowSpan font-style="italic">扭曲(倾斜)</flowSpan>对象。按下<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>以保持扭曲的角度为15度的整数倍。) </flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e309"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在选择状态，也可以在工具控制栏(画布的上方)的输入框中输入数字，精确地控制对象的位置坐标(x,y)和尺寸(宽度W,高度H)。 </flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1252.1627036999996" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1252.1627036999996" x="10">通过键盘变换</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e318"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape区别于大多数其它矢量绘图软件的一个特征是键盘操作的便捷性。几乎所有的命令都可以通过键盘实现，变换操作也不例外。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e321"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">你可以用键盘来对编辑对象进行移动(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">arrow</flowSpan> 光标键)，缩放(<flowSpan font-weight="bold"><</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">></flowSpan> 键)，以及旋转(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">[</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">]</flowSpan> 键)。缺省情况下，每次移动和缩放2px，按下<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan>键时扩大为10倍。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+></flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+<</flowSpan> 对应的缩放比例分别为原始的200%和50%。缺省每次旋转 15 度，通过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>键，每次可以旋转90度。 </flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e351"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">可能更有用的是<flowSpan font-style="italic">像素级别的变换(pixel-size transformations)</flowSpan>, 实现的方法是，在上面的快捷键基础上配合<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt</flowSpan>键。例如<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+arrows</flowSpan>可以在<flowSpan font-style="italic">当前的页面视图层次上</flowSpan>每次移动一个像素(这里是指一个<flowSpan font-style="italic">屏幕像素</flowSpan>的距离， 而不是SVG中的与视图缩放级别无关的长度单位px)。这意味着，如果放大视图，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+arrow</flowSpan>移动一个像素的绝对距离将<flowSpan font-style="italic">缩短</flowSpan>。这样，通过缩放视图，就可以任意控制对象的定位精度。 </flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e375"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">与此类似，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+></flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+<</flowSpan> 将选择对象每次缩放一个像素， <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+[</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+]</flowSpan> 旋转对象时，距离旋转中心最远的位置每次移动一个像素。</flowDiv>
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<rect id="d0e390" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1431.3" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e390"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">注意：在Linux操作系统中，这些组合键可能在窗口管理器中被指定了其它的用途，执行上述操作时可能不能获得预期的结果。解决的方法当然是相应地修改窗口管理器的配置。 </flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1484.1728466999996" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1484.1728466999996" x="10">多选</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e399"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+click</flowSpan>，可以连续选择多个绘图对象，或者，用鼠标左键拖出一个框来选中框内所有对象，这个也称为<flowSpan font-style="italic">弹性区选(rubberband selection)</flowSpan>。(从空白处开始拖动时将创建弹性选区，如果在拖动之前先按下<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan>，则总是创建弹性选区。) 请尝试选择下面的三个形状： </flowDiv>
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<path id="basic-f04-zh_CN.svgpath879" d="m134.86 1251.7c0 9.8339-9.8015 17.806-21.892 17.806-12.091 0-21.892-7.9719-21.892-17.806 0-9.8338 9.8015-17.806 21.892-17.806 12.091 0 21.892 7.9719 21.892 17.806z" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" transform="translate(10 1549.9) matrix(.80106 0 0 .80106 32.311 -983.83)" stroke="#000" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#f00"/>
<path id="basic-f04-zh_CN.svgpath1290" style="color:#000000" d="m182.84 29.583-13.183-3.2184-10.125 9.0355-1.013-13.533-11.722-6.8373 12.557-5.1452 2.8804-13.261 8.7737 10.353 13.502-1.3585-7.1347 11.543z" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" transform="translate(10 1549.9) matrix(.87302 0 0 .87302 27.6 4.0534)" stroke="#000" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" stroke-width=".91757pt" fill="#ff0"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">你可以使用弹性选区选择下面两个椭圆，但不包括矩形：</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">被选择的对象上会出现一个<flowSpan font-style="italic">选择标识(selection cue)</flowSpan>，默认情况下是一个虚线矩形框，它可以标识出哪些对象被选中，哪些没有选中。例如，同时选中两个椭圆和矩形时，如果没有矩形标识框，椭圆的选中与否就难以判断。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e440"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在已经选择的对象上<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+click</flowSpan>可以取消选择。选中上面的三个对象，然后用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+click</flowSpan>取消对两个椭圆的选择，只选中矩形。 </flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e449"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">按<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Esc</flowSpan>取消所有选择，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+A</flowSpan>选择当前图层上的所有对象(如果没有定义图层，则等价于选中文档中的所有绘图对象)。 </flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1787.6452641999995" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1787.6452641999995" x="10">群组</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">若干个绘图对象可以组合为一个<flowSpan font-style="italic">群组group</flowSpan>。群组可以像普通绘图对象一样进行移动或变换。下图中，左边的三个图形是互相独立的，而右边的三个图形是组合在一起的。试着拖动这个群组看看。 </flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选择一个或多个对象后，按<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+G</flowSpan>可以将它们组合在一起。选中一个或多个群组后，按<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan>可以解散组合。群组也可以再次组合，并且群组的嵌套层数没有限制。不过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan>只能打开最顶层的群组，对于嵌套群组需要多次<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan>才能完全打散组合。 </flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e495"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">实际上你可以直接修改群组内的对象而不用取消组合。使用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+click</flowSpan>就可以单独选中群组内的一个对象，进行编辑；使用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+click</flowSpan>则可以选中群组内或群组外的多个对象。不需要解散群组，请试着对上图右面群组中的形状进行单独的移动、变换。然后再选中群组，可以看到这种组合关系仍然存在。 </flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2036.4589011999997" x="10">填充与轮廓</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape中的许多功能都借助于<flowSpan font-style="italic">对话框</flowSpan>的形式。为绘图添加一些色彩的最简单的方法是打开视图View菜单中的调色板Swatches对话框(快捷键<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+W</flowSpan>)，然后为对象选择一种(填充)颜色。</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e519"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">更强大的工具是对象Object菜单中的填充与轮廓对话框 (或者按 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+F</flowSpan>)。选中下面的形状，然后打开填充与轮廓对话框。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这个对话框中有三个标签面板：填充Fill、轮廓色彩(Stroke paint)和轮廓样式(Stroke style)。填充属性可以修改对象的<flowSpan font-style="italic">内部fill</flowSpan> 。下面的按钮可以设置填充的类型，包括不填充(图标X)，单色flat color填充，以及渐变(gradients,线性或圆周)填充。对于上面的椭圆，单色填充的按钮是激活的。 </flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e544"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这些按钮的下面，是<flowSpan font-style="italic">色彩拾取器color pickers</flowSpan>，有四种不同的方式：RGB, CMYK, HSL,色盘Wheel。可能最方便是通过色盘来选择，旋转其中的三角形来选择色调，在三角形内可以拾取不同的明暗度。四中拾取方式中都包含一个滑动条来设置对象的透明度(opacity)，即<flowSpan font-style="italic">alpha</flowSpan>值。 </flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e553"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选择不同的对象时，色彩拾取器总是自动更新，对应当前对象的填充和笔廓。(选择多个对象时，将显示色彩的<flowSpan font-style="italic">平均值</flowSpan>) 。在下面的例子上做一下练习，或者自己创建图形： </flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e569"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在轮廓色彩Stroke paint标签中，可以删除<flowSpan font-style="italic">轮廓线stroke</flowSpan>，也可以任意为其指定颜色和透明度： </flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e585"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">最后一个标签面板，轮廓样式(Stroke style)中，可以设置轮廓的宽度以及其它参数： </flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">最后，除了单色填充之外，可以选择<flowSpan font-style="italic">梯度(gradients)</flowSpan>模式来填充图形内部和轮廓：</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">当从单色填充切换到梯度填充时，颜色仍然是前面单色填充时的颜色，不同的是透明度从不透明渐变到完全透明。 选择工具列中的渐变工具(Gradient tool,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+F1</flowSpan>)，对象上将会显示出(用线连接在一起的)渐变控制器，拖动<flowSpan font-style="italic">渐变控制器(gradient handles)</flowSpan>，可以改变色彩梯度的方向和范围。选中某个控制器时(该控制器呈现蓝色)，可以在填充和轮廓中为该控制器单独设置色彩，实现从一种颜色到另一种颜色的渐变。</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e623"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">还有一种改变对象色彩的简便方法是使用滴管工具(Dropper tool,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F7</flowSpan>)。选择对象后，再选择该工具，然后可以在绘图中单击<flowSpan font-weight="bold">click</flowSpan>任意拾取色彩，这种色彩将自动指定给被选择对象的填充属性(使用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+click</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2759.1346302000006" x="10">再制、对齐和分布</tspan>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e640"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">一个常用的操作是生成对象的一个副本，即<flowSpan font-style="italic">再制duplicating</flowSpan>(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+D</flowSpan>)。新生成的副本与原对象重合(垂直于纸面方向)，并且已经被选中。可以用鼠标或光标键把它移走。想练习一下？请将下面一行用这个黑方块填满： </flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Chances are, your copies of the square are placed more or less randomly. This is
where the Align dialog (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+A</flowSpan>) is useful. Select all the squares
(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+click</flowSpan> or drag a rubberband), open the dialog and press the
“Center on horizontal axis” button, then the “Make horizontal gaps between objects
equal” button (read the button tooltips). The objects are now neatly aligned and
distributed equispacedly. Here are some other alignment and distribution
examples:</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="3017.5740302000004" x="10">叠放次序Z-order</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-style="italic">z-order</flowSpan>指的是绘图中对象的叠放次序，例如，某个对象在最上层，盖住了其它的对象。对象(Object)菜单中的两个命令，置顶(Raise to Top,对应<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Home</flowSpan>键)与置底(Lower to Botton,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">End</flowSpan>键)，将使所选对象置于当前图层叠放次序(Z方向)的顶部或底部。另外两个命令上升(Raise，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">PgUp</flowSpan>键)与下降(Lower，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">PgDn</flowSpan>键)，将使被选择对象上升或下将一个位次，例如，可以将当前对象移动到它上面一个图形的上面。(如果所选对象与其它对象都不重叠，上移和下移分别等同于置顶和置底。) </flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">可以在下面的图形上练习改变叠放次序，让最左边的椭圆位于最上层，而最右边的椭圆位于最下层： </flowDiv>
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<path id="basic-f14-zh_CN.svgpath1131" d="m142.61 2347.1c0 4.2135-5.2549 7.6291-11.737 7.6291-6.4822 0-11.737-3.4156-11.737-7.6291 0-4.2134 5.2549-7.6291 11.737-7.6291 6.4822 0 11.737 3.4157 11.737 7.6291z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 3146.6) matrix(1 0 0 1.0513 37.632 -2444.9)" stroke="#000" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" stroke-width="0.6" fill="#f90"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选择叠放的对象时，一个很方便的快捷键是<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Tab</flowSpan>。如果没有选择任何对象，按<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Tab</flowSpan>将会选择最底层的对象；有对象被选中时，将选择其上的对象。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan>的选择方向则相反，从最顶层开始，往底层逐次选择。默认的叠放次序与图形创建的次序是一样的，所以没有选择对象时，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan>总是选择刚创建的图形。在上面的叠放椭圆中可以练习一下<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Tab</flowSpan>和<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan>的选择。 </flowDiv>
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<tspan y="3287.5287362000004" x="10">选择下面的对象并移动</tspan>
</text>
<rect id="d0e741" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3292.7" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e741"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">如果一个对象完全被另一个对象盖住了，该怎么选择呢？如果上面的图形是透明的，你虽然可以看到下面的对象，但点击时选中的却是上面的图形。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e744" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3321.5" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e744"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这就是<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+click</flowSpan>要干的活。首先在上面的图形上<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+click</flowSpan>，这将选中它，然后在相同的位置上再次<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+click</flowSpan>，这次将选择该位置处，顶层图形下面的对象。对于多层叠放，多次<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+click</flowSpan>实现从顶层到底层的循环选择。 </flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e759" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3362.7" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e759"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">[如果你在Linux系统中工作，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+click</flowSpan>可能不会像前面描述的那样工作，反而可能会移动整个Inkscape窗口。这是因为窗口管理器为Alt+click指定了其它用途。 你需要找到窗口管理器的相应配置，把其中的这个快捷键关掉，或选择其它的组合键。]</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e765" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3415.1" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e765"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选中了被盖住的图形，你又可以做什么呢？可以用光标键移动，可以用鼠标拖动控制器。但是，如果拖动整个对象，则会重新选择顶部的图形(这是点击-拖动的工作模式，总是选中顶部的对象然后拖动)。要让Inkscape拖动<flowSpan font-style="italic">当前选择</flowSpan>的对象，而不是顶部的对象，需要借助于<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+drag</flowSpan>，这将拖动当前选择的对象，而不论你的鼠标在哪里。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e774" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3478.3" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e774"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">请用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+click</flowSpan>和<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+drag</flowSpan>选择并拖动绿色透明矩形下的棕色形状：</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<path id="basic-f15-zh_CN.svgpath2575" sodipodi:sides="7" inkscape:flatsided="false" fill="#ac7335" style="color:#000000" transform="translate(10 3504.8) matrix(.39512 .68437 -.68437 .39512 2780 -1592.9)" inkscape:rounded="0.21000000" sodipodi:r1="28.739008" sodipodi:r2="16.983238" sodipodi:arg1="0.52143444" sodipodi:arg2="0.97023339" sodipodi:type="star" d="m126.89 3940.5c-1.71 2.8-13.23-2-15.92-0.2-2.69 1.7-2.72 13.9-5.86 14.5-3.14 0.5-6.349-10.3-9.539-11.1s-13.307 5.7-15.627 3.5 6.076-11.8 4.656-14.7c-1.419-3-12.432-3.1-12.315-6.3s12.009-3.8 13.505-6.6c1.495-2.7-2.945-13.2-0.399-15.1 2.547-1.8 10.874 5.7 14.077 5.1 3.202-0.6 7.302-9.5 10.362-8.7 3.07 0.9 0.25 11.3 2.78 13.4 2.53 2 12.65-0.8 13.8 2.2 1.16 3.1-8.72 9.8-8.76 13-0.04 3.1 10.95 8.3 9.24 11z" inkscape:randomized="0.047000000" sodipodi:cy="3927.1016" sodipodi:cx="100.73942"/>
<path id="basic-f15-zh_CN.svgpath2574" sodipodi:sides="6" inkscape:flatsided="false" fill="#ff9400" style="color:#000000" transform="translate(10 3504.8) matrix(.83260 .48070 -.48070 .83260 1947.5 -3288.4)" inkscape:rounded="0.21000000" sodipodi:r1="19.212250" sodipodi:r2="9.3934679" sodipodi:arg1="0.48833395" sodipodi:arg2="0.77161843" sodipodi:type="star" d="m107.62 3941.6c-0.53 2.1-9.076-3.5-10.951-2.4-2.497 1.5-1.972 11.9-4.862 12.6-2.17 0.6-1.585-8.5-3.563-9.5-2.636-1.2-11.029 4.1-13.221 2.2-1.646-1.5 6.95-5.7 6.894-8-0.075-3-9.644-9.8-9.082-12.7 0.421-2.2 9.473 5.2 11.397 4 2.564-1.5 2.337-12.6 5.229-13.2 2.17-0.5 1.693 9 3.66 10.1 2.621 1.3 12.059-3.4 14.219-1.4 1.61 1.6-7.377 4.8-7.27 7 0.15 3 8.25 8.5 7.55 11.3z" inkscape:randomized="0.047000000" sodipodi:cy="3933.4641" sodipodi:cx="90.665482"/>
<rect id="basic-f15-zh_CN.svgrect3197" ry="10.424" style="color:#000000" fill-opacity=".29609" rx="10.424" transform="translate(10 3504.8)" height="56.564" width="171.79" y="-.21458" x="44.416" fill="#2dd268"/>
<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="3586.1697120000003" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="3586.1697120000003" x="10">Selecting similar objects</tspan>
</text>
<rect id="d0e799" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3591.4" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e799"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape can select other objects similar to the object currently selected.
For example, if you want to select all the blue squares below first select one of the
blue squares, and use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Edit > Select Same >
Fill Color</flowSpan> from the menu. All the objects with a fill color the same
shade of blue are now selected.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<rect id="basic-f16-zh_CN.svgrect4167" opacity="0.924" style="color-rendering:auto;color:#000000;isolation:auto;shape-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto" rx="0" transform="translate(10 3658.1)" ry="0" width="15.152" y="38.895" x="233.85" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" height="14.205" fill="#204a87"/>
<rect id="d0e815" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3719.2" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e815"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">In addition to selecting by fill color, you can select multiple similar objects
by stroke color, stroke style, fill & stroke, and object type.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="3760.4721220000006" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="3760.4721220000006" x="10">总结</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e824"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">好了，最后做一下小结。对于Inkscape，这仅仅是开始，但靠这几招，你已经可以做一些简单但不失实用的图形了。更高级的复杂操作，请参照<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Help > Tutorials</flowSpan>中的其它教程。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<g transform="translate(0 3805.9)">
<defs id="defs3" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#">
<linearGradient id="linearGradient2465" y2="-7528.7" xlink:href="#linearGradient841" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x2="76.847" gradientTransform="matrix(2.1496 0 0 .46519 -.13015 3495.4)" y1="-7656.4" x1="76.847" inkscape:collect="always"/>
<filter id="filter56" height="1.2" width="1.2" color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" y="-.1" x="-.1" inkscape:label="Drop shadow, custom">
<feFlood id="feFlood58" result="flood" flood-color="rgb(255,255,255)" flood-opacity=".68628"/>
<feComposite id="feComposite60" operator="in" result="composite1" in2="SourceGraphic" in="flood"/>
<feGaussianBlur id="feGaussianBlur62" result="blur" stdDeviation="20" in="composite1"/>
<feOffset id="feOffset64" result="offset" dx="0" dy="0"/>
<feComposite id="feComposite66" operator="over" result="composite2" in2="offset" in="SourceGraphic"/>
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