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<tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813" fill="#ffffff" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0">::CƠ BẢN</tspan>
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<!--Author: bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net-->
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Phần này sẽ hướng dẫn bạn các thao tác làm việc cơ bản với Inkscape. Đây là một tài liệu dùng định dạng SVG, nên bạn có thể xem, sửa, sao chép hay lưu nó lại bằng Inkscape.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Bài hướng dẫn Cơ bản bao gồm việc di chuyển vùng vẽ, quản lý các tài liệu, cơ bản về các công cụ hình dáng, các kỹ thuật tạo vùng chọn, chuyển dạng các đối tượng với công cụ Chọn, nhóm các đối tượng lại, đặt màu tô và màu nét, căn chỉnh vị trí các đối tượng và phân bố chúng theo trục z trong một lớp. Để biết thêm các chủ đề nâng cao, hãy xem các bài hướng dẫn khác, nằm trong trình đơn Trợ giúp của chương trình.</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="157.819525" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="157.819525" x="10">Di chuyển vùng vẽ</tspan>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e27"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Có rất nhiều cách để bạn cuộn vùng vẽ. Cách thứ nhất, dùng <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+các mũi tên</flowSpan> để cuộn vùng vẽ bằng bàn phím. Cách thứ hai, bấm giữ chuột giữa và di chuyển con trỏ để kéo vùng vẽ ra vị trí mình muốn. Cách ba, dùng các thanh cuộn (nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+B</flowSpan> để bật/tắt chúng). Cách thứ tư, xoay <flowSpan font-weight="bold">bánh lăn</flowSpan> của chuột để cuộn lên xuống; giữ <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan> khi xoay để cuộn trái/phải.</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="248.09037899999998" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="248.09037899999998" x="10">Phóng to hay thu nhỏ</tspan>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e48"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Ta thường phóng to và thu nhỏ vùng vẽ bằng phím <flowSpan font-weight="bold">-</flowSpan> và <flowSpan font-weight="bold">+</flowSpan> (hoặc <flowSpan font-weight="bold">=</flowSpan>) từ bàn phím. Bạn cũng có thể giữ <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+chuột giữa</flowSpan> hoặc <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+chuột phải</flowSpan> để phóng to, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+chuột giữa</flowSpan> hoặc <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+chuột phải</flowSpan> để thu nhỏ, hoặc xoay chuột khi giữ <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>. Một cách khác, chọn trường Thu phóng (ở góc dưới bên phải cửa sổ tài liệu), nhập vào giá trị % thu phóng rồi Enter. Ta cũng có thể dùng công cụ Thu phóng (trên hộp công cụ), kéo chuột trên 1 vùng để phóng to vùng đó.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape lưu lại các mức thu phóng bạn từng dùng trong phiên làm việc hiện thời. Vì vậy, nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">`</flowSpan> để trở lại mức thu phóng trước, và <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+`</flowSpan> để chuyển tới mức thu phóng kế.</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="388.277688" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="388.277688" x="10">Các công cụ của Inkscape</tspan>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e90"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Thanh công cụ nằm dọc bên trái cửa sổ Inkscape chứa các công cụ để vẽ và sửa các đường nét và đối tượng trong vùng vẽ. Nằm ngay bên dưới các trình đơn là <flowSpan font-style="italic">thanh Lệnh</flowSpan> với những nút lệnh truy cập nhanh vào các trình đơn, và <flowSpan font-style="italic">thanh Điều khiển Công cụ</flowSpan> có các thành phần điều khiển dành cho công cụ đang được sử dụng. Nằm dưới cùng trong cửa sổ Inkscape là <flowSpan font-style="italic">thanh Trạng thái</flowSpan>, hiển thị các gợi ý và các thông điệp hệ thống khi bạn làm việc.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape có nhiều phím tắt bàn phím cho bạn dùng. Hãy chọn mục Trợ giúp > Tham chiếu về Phím tắt và con chuột để biết thêm.</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="518.562376" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="518.562376" x="10">Tạo và quản lý các tài liệu</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">To create a new empty document, use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">File > New > Default</flowSpan>
or press <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+N</flowSpan>. To create a new document from one of Inkscape's many
templates, use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">File > New > Templates...</flowSpan> or press
<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+N</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e125"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">To open an existing SVG document, use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">File >
Open</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+O</flowSpan>). To save, use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">File > Save</flowSpan>
(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+S</flowSpan>), or <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Save As</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+S</flowSpan>)
to save under a new name. (Inkscape may still be unstable, so remember to save
often!)</flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e146"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape dùng định dạng SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) làm định dạng chuẩn. SVG là một định dạng chuẩn được nhiều phần mềm đồ hoạ hỗ trợ. Định dạng SVG dựa trên ngôn ngữ XML và bạn có thể dùng một chương trình xử lý văn bản bất kỳ để mở và chỉnh sửa một tập tin SVG. Bên cạnh SVG, Inkscape có thể nhập và xuất một số định dạng khác (EPS, PNG).</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e149"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape opens a separate document window for each document. You can navigate
among them using your window manager (e.g. by <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+Tab</flowSpan>), or you can use
the Inkscape shortcut, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Tab</flowSpan>, which will cycle through all open
document windows. (Create a new document now and switch between it and this document for
practice.) Note: Inkscape treats these windows like tabs in a web browser, this means
the <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Tab</flowSpan> shortcut only works with documents running in the same
process. If you open multiple files from a file browser or launch more than
one Inkscape process from an icon it will not work.</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="799.1772139999999" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="799.1772139999999" x="10">Tạo các hình dạng</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Trước hết, bấm vào công cụ Chữ nhật (hoặc nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">F4</flowSpan>) rồi kéo và thả chuột trong một tài liệu mới hoặc ngay tại đây:</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e183"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">As you can see, default rectangles come up blue, with a black <flowSpan font-style="italic">stroke</flowSpan> (outline),
and fully opaque. We'll see how to change that below. With other tools, you can
also create ellipses, stars, and spirals:</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e199"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Các công cụ này được gọi là <flowSpan font-style="italic">các công cụ hình dạng</flowSpan>. Mỗi một hình dạng bạn tạo ra sẽ có một hoặc nhiều <flowSpan font-style="italic">chốt</flowSpan> hình kim cương; hãy thử kéo chuột để di chuyển chốt của hình và quan sát sự thay đổi của hình đó. Thanh Điều khiển công cụ cũng cho phép bạn tinh chỉnh lại một hình dạng; thanh này điều khiển hình dáng hiện đang được chọn (tức là hình dạng đang có các chốt hiện ra) <flowSpan font-style="italic">và</flowSpan> đặt thiết lập mặc định áp dụng cho những hình dạng được tạo sau đó.</flowDiv>
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<rect id="d0e211" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1105.6" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e211"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Để <flowSpan font-style="italic">huỷ bước</flowSpan>, tức là quay lại trạng thái của tài liệu trước một hành động bạn vừa thực thi, hãy nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Z</flowSpan>. (Hoặc, nếu bạn lại đổi ý, bạn có thể <flowSpan font-style="italic">Bước lại</flowSpan> hành động vừa được huỷ bằng tổ hợp <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+Z</flowSpan>.)</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1158.698722" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1158.698722" x="10">Di chuyển, co giãn và xoay</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e232"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Công cụ được dùng nhiều nhất trong Inkscape là <flowSpan font-style="italic">Công cụ Chọn</flowSpan>. Bấm vào nút trên cùng (hình mũi tên) trên hộp công cụ, hoặc nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">F1</flowSpan> hoặc <flowSpan font-weight="bold">phím cách</flowSpan>. Sau đó ta có thể chọn bất cứ đối tượng nào trên vùng vẽ. Bấm vào hình chữ nhật dưới đây.</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e254"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Bạn sẽ thấy có 8 chốt hình mũi tên xung quanh đối tượng. Giờ, bạn có thể:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e261" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1302" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e261"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-style="italic">Di chuyển</flowSpan> đối tượng bằng cách kéo nó ra chỗ khác. (Giữ <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> để di chuyển đối tượng từng đoạn nhỏ theo chiều ngang hoặc dọc.)</flowDiv>
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<rect id="d0e272" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1342" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e272"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-style="italic">Co giãn</flowSpan> đối tượng bằng cách kéo một chốt bất kỳ ra vị trí khác. (Giữ <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> để giữ nguyên tỉ lệ chiều cao/chiều rộng.)</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e281"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Giờ nhấn vào hình chữ nhật thêm lần nữa. Các chốt thay đổi hình dáng. Giờ bạn có thể:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 1407.1)"/>
<rect id="d0e288" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1401.1" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e288"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-style="italic">Xoay</flowSpan> đối tượng bằng cách kéo chốt ở góc ra vị trí khác. (Giữ <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> để hạn chế góc xoay theo từng bước 15 độ một lần. Di chuyển dấu chữ thập sang vị trí khác để thay đổi tâm của phép xoay.)</flowDiv>
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<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15 1457.9)"/>
<rect id="d0e299" display="none" height="1e3px" width="258" y="1451.9" x="20"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e299"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-style="italic">Xô nghiêng</flowSpan> đối tượng bằng cách kéo các chốt ở trên cạnh. (Giữ <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> để xô theo từng góc 15 độ một.)</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e308"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Trong khi đang dùng công cụ Chọn, bạn cũng có thể dùng các ô số trong thanh Điều khiển Công cụ (bên trên vùng vẽ) để đặt giá trị chính xác cho vị trí (ô X và Y) và kích cỡ (ô W và H) của vùng chọn.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1534.4110530000003" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1534.4110530000003" x="10">Chuyển dạng dùng bàn phím</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e317"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape có một đặc điểm nổi trội hơn hẳn các phần mềm đồ hoạ vector khác là nó có hệ thống phím tắt bàn phím rất đầy đủ. Bạn có thể thực thi hầu hết các lệnh hoặc hành động từ bàn phím. Các thao tác chuyển dạng một đối tượng cũng vậy.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e320" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1590.8" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e320"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">You can use the keyboard to move (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">arrow</flowSpan> keys), scale
(<flowSpan font-weight="bold"><</flowSpan> and <flowSpan font-weight="bold">></flowSpan> keys), and rotate (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">[</flowSpan>
and <flowSpan font-weight="bold">]</flowSpan> keys) objects. Default moves and scales are by 2 px; with
<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan>, you move by 10 times that. <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+></flowSpan>
and <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+<</flowSpan> scale up or down to 200% or 50% of the original,
respectively. Default rotates are by 15 degrees; with <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>, you rotate
by 90 degrees.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e350"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Tuy vậy, có lẽ chức năng hữu ích nhất của Inkscape là <flowSpan font-style="italic">chuyển dạng ở mức điểm ảnh</flowSpan>, được kích hoạt khi bạn nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt</flowSpan>+ các phím chuyển dạng. Ví dụ, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+mũi tên</flowSpan> sẽ di chuyển vùng chọn sang 1 pixel <flowSpan font-style="italic"> tại mức thu phóng hiện thời</flowSpan> (tức là 1 <flowSpan font-style="italic">điểm ảnh trên màn hình</flowSpan>, chứ không phải px, đơn vị đo chiều dài của SVG, không phụ thuộc vào mức độ thu phóng). Điều này có nghĩa là, bạn có thể <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+mũi tên</flowSpan> để di chuyển một khoảng cách tuyệt đối <flowSpan font-style="italic">nhỏ hơn</flowSpan> nếu đang ở mức thu phóng 200%, so với khi thực hiện thao tác tương tự ở mức thu phóng 100%, mặc dù rằng đối tượng vẫn sẽ được di chuyển đi 1 điểm ảnh trên màn hình.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e374" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1755.5" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e374"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Tương tự, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+></flowSpan> và <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+<</flowSpan> sẽ co giãn vùng chọn sao cho kích thước hiển thị sẽ tăng hoặc giảm 1 điểm ảnh, và <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+[</flowSpan> và <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+]</flowSpan> sẽ xoay đối tượng sao cho điểm xa nhất nằm trên đối tượng sẽ dịch đi 1 điểm ảnh.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e389"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Lưu ý: trên Linux, bạn sẽ không thể dùng các phím <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+mũi tên</flowSpan> và một số tổ hợp phím khác, nếu trình quản lý cửa sổ của bạn dùng các tổ hợp phím đó để kích hoạt một số sự kiện khác của nó. Một giải pháp cho vấn đề này là, bạn cấu hình lại trình quản lý cửa sổ cho phù hợp với Inkscape hơn.</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1869.24295" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1869.24295" x="10">Chọn nhiều</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Bạn có thể chọn nhiều đối tượng cùng một lúc bằng cách nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+bấm chuột</flowSpan> vào chúng. Hoặc, bạn có thể <flowSpan font-weight="bold">kéo chuột</flowSpan> xung quanh các đối tượng cần chọn; thao tác này gọi là <flowSpan font-style="italic">chọn bằng dây chun</flowSpan>. (Công cụ Chọn tạo ra một dây chun khi bạn kéo chuột trong khoảng trống; tuy nhiên nếu bạn giữ <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan> trước khi kéo, Inkscape sẽ luôn tạo ra các dây chun.) Hãy thực hành bằng cách chọn tất cả 3 đối tượng hình dáng ở dưới đây:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Giờ, dùng dây chun (bằng cách kéo chuột hoặc <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+kéo chuột</flowSpan>) để chọn 2 hình elip nhưng không chọn hình chữ nhật:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Each individual object within a selection displays a <flowSpan font-style="italic">selection cue</flowSpan> — by default, a dashed rectangular frame. These cues make it easy to see at once what is selected and what is not. For example, if you select both the two ellipses and the rectangle, without the cues you would have hard time guessing whether the ellipses are selected or not.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+bấm chuột</flowSpan> vào một đối tượng để thôi không chọn nó nữa. Hãy chọn tất cả 3 đối tượng ở trên, rồi dùng <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+bấm chuột</flowSpan> để bỏ chọn 2 hình elip và giữ lại hình chữ nhật.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Esc</flowSpan> để bỏ vùng chọn đang có. <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+A</flowSpan> sẽ chọn tất cả các đối tượng có trong lớp hiện tại (nếu bạn không tạo ra lớp nào khác, tất cả các đối tượng trong tài liệu sẽ được chọn).</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2257.6706900000004" x="10">Nhóm lại</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Một số đối tượng có thể được hợp lại thành 1 <flowSpan font-style="italic">nhóm</flowSpan>. Ta có thể di chuyển hay chuyển dạng 1 nhóm giống như 1 đối tượng đơn lẻ. Trong hình dưới, bên trái là 3 đối tượng độc lập với nhau còn bên phải cũng là 3 đối tượng đó, nhưng đã được nhóm lại. Hãy thử kéo chuột để di chuyển nhóm ra vị trí khác.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Để tạo một nhóm, hãy chọn một hoặc nhiều đối tượng và nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+G</flowSpan>. Để tách một hay nhiều nhóm, hãy chọn nhóm cần tách rồi nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan>. Ta có thể nhóm các nhóm lại thành 1 nhóm cấp cao hơn. Tuy nhiên, hãy lưu ý là <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan> sẽ tách nhóm theo từng cấp; bạn sẽ phải <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan> nhiều lần nếu muốn tách nhóm cấp cao thành nhóm cấp thấp hơn, rồi thành các đối tượng độc lập.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Thực ra bạn không nhất thiết phải tách nhóm để sửa 1 đối tượng đang ở trong 1 nhóm. Chỉ việc <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+bấm chuột</flowSpan> để chọn và sửa đối tượng ta cần, hoặc <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+bấm chuột</flowSpan> để chọn nhiều đối tượng nằm trong và ngoài một nhóm bất kỳ. Hãy thử di chuyển hoặc chuyển dạng các hình dạng độc lập trong nhóm ở bên phải hình trên mà không tách nhóm ra, rồi bỏ chọn và chọn nhóm một cách bình thường để thấy là các đối tượng vẫn đang được nhóm lại.</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="2578.6523340000003" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="2578.6523340000003" x="10">Tô và Nét</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Ta có thể truy cập rất nhiều chức năng của Inkscape từ các <flowSpan font-style="italic">hộp thoại</flowSpan>. Có lẽ cách dễ nhất để tô màu 1 đối tượng là bạn mở hộp thoại Mẫu Màu từ trình đơn Xem (hoặc nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+W</flowSpan>), chọn một đối tượng, sau đó bấm vào một mẫu màu để tô màu đó lên đối tượng đã chọn.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Hộp thoại Tô và Nét trong trình đơn Đối tượng (hoặc nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+F</flowSpan>) cung cấp cho bạn nhiều lựa chọn cao cấp khác trong việc tô màu đối tượng. Hãy chọn hình dưới đây và mở hộp thoại Tô và Nét ra.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Bạn sẽ thấy trong hộp thoại có 3 thẻ: Tô, Sơn nét, và Kiểu nét. Thẻ Tô cho phép bạn sửa lại <flowSpan font-style="italic">màu tô</flowSpan> (bên trong) các đối tượng được chọn. Dùng các nút trong thẻ, bạn có thể chọn kiểu tô, gồm có không tô màu (nút có dấu X), tô màu phẳng, chuyển sắc thẳng và chuyển sắc tròn. Đối với hình trên, nút tô màu phẳng sẽ được nhấn xuống.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Bên dưới nữa là một tập hợp các <flowSpan font-style="italic">bộ chọn màu</flowSpan> nằm trong các thẻ riêng biệt: RGB, CMYK, HSL và Tròn. Bộ chọn màu dễ dùng nhất có lẽ là Tròn: bạn xoay hình tam giác để chọn lấy dải màu sắc mình cần, rồi chọn mức độ đổ bóng lên dải màu đó bên trong hình tam giác. Tất cả các bộ chọn màu đều có các thanh trượt để bạn chọn mức <flowSpan font-style="italic">alpha</flowSpan> (độ mờ đục) của đối tượng đang chọn.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Mỗi khi chọn một đối tượng, bộ chọn màu sẽ được cập nhật lại để biểu diễn màu tô và màu nét hiện đối tượng đó đang có (nếu bạn chọn nhiều đối tượng, màu được biểu diễn là màu <flowSpan font-style="italic">trung bình</flowSpan>). Hãy thử với các hình mẫu dưới đây, hoặc tự tạo ra các hình dạng và thử sử dụng các bộ màu để đổi màu chúng:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Trong thẻ Sơn nét, bạn có thể xoá <flowSpan font-style="italic">nét</flowSpan> (viền) của đối tượng đang chọn, hoặc gán cho nó một màu sắc tuỳ ý, hay độ trong suốt bất kỳ:</flowDiv>
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<path id="basic-f09-vi.svgpath1015" d="m67.136 1653c0 9.8338-12.415 17.806-27.73 17.806s-27.73-7.9719-27.73-17.806c0-9.8338 12.415-17.806 27.73-17.806s27.73 7.9719 27.73 17.806z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 3026.8) matrix(.99850 0 0 .93643 146.81 -1530.2)" stroke="#16417c" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#dbdbdb"/>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e592"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Thẻ cuối cùng, Kiểu nét, cho phép bạn đặt độ rộng của nét viền, cũng như các tham số khác liên quan:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<path id="basic-f10-vi.svgpath1038" d="m67.136 1653c0 9.8338-12.415 17.806-27.73 17.806s-27.73-7.9719-27.73-17.806c0-9.8338 12.415-17.806 27.73-17.806s27.73 7.9719 27.73 17.806z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 3110.9) matrix(.98881 0 0 .92734 168.1 -1511.2)" stroke="#000" stroke-dasharray="7.26312, 3.63156, 1.81578, 3.63156" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" stroke-width="1.8158" fill="#dbdbdb"/>
<path id="basic-f10-vi.svgpath1039" d="m67.136 1653c0 9.8338-12.415 17.806-27.73 17.806s-27.73-7.9719-27.73-17.806c0-9.8338 12.415-17.806 27.73-17.806s27.73 7.9719 27.73 17.806z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 3110.9) matrix(.98881 0 0 .92734 204.24 -1511.2)" stroke="#000" stroke-dasharray="0.847366, 0.847366" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" stroke-width=".84737" fill="#dbdbdb"/>
<rect id="d0e605" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3164.9" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e605"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Cuối cùng, thay vì dùng màu phẳng, bạn có thể dùng <flowSpan font-style="italic">chuyển sắc</flowSpan> làm màu tô và/hoặc màu nét viền:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<stop id="basic-f11-vi.svgstop1089" stop-color="#aba6a6" stop-opacity=".24314" offset="1"/>
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<path id="basic-f11-vi.svgpath1053" d="m67.136 1653c0 9.8338-12.415 17.806-27.73 17.806s-27.73-7.9719-27.73-17.806c0-9.8338 12.415-17.806 27.73-17.806s27.73 7.9719 27.73 17.806z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 3202.6) matrix(1.0663 0 0 1 -1.6488 -1632.8)" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" fill="url(#basic-f11-vi.svglinearGradient1054)"/>
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<path id="basic-f11-vi.svgpath1084" d="m67.136 1653c0 9.8338-12.415 17.806-27.73 17.806s-27.73-7.9719-27.73-17.806c0-9.8338 12.415-17.806 27.73-17.806s27.73 7.9719 27.73 17.806z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 3202.6) matrix(1.0663 0 0 1 214.49 -1632.8)" stroke="url(#basic-f11-vi.svgradialGradient1085)" stroke-dasharray="3.64368, 3.64368" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" stroke-width="3.6437" fill="url(#basic-f11-vi.svgradialGradient1086)"/>
<rect id="d0e621" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3253.8" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e621"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Khi bạn chuyển chế độ tô từ màu phẳng sang chuyển sắc, chuyển sắc được tạo ra sẽ lấy màu phẳng trước đó làm cơ sở, nhưng chuyển từ đục dần dần thành trong suốt. Chuyển sang công cụ Chuyển sắc (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+F1</flowSpan>) để kéo các <flowSpan font-style="italic">chốt chuyển sắc</flowSpan> — điểm điều khiển nằm trên đường thẳng biểu diễn phương hướng và chiều dài trên đó diễn ra sự biến đổi màu. Khi một chốt chuyển sắc được chọn (có màu xanh), hộp thoại Tô và Nét sẽ đặt màu cho chốt đó thay vì màu của toàn bộ đối tượng.</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e630" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3337" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e630"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Một cách khác khá hay để đổi màu cho một đối tượng là dùng công cụ Bút chọn màu (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F7</flowSpan>). Chỉ việc <flowSpan font-weight="bold">bấm chuột</flowSpan> lên vị trí bất kỳ trong bản vẽ khi dùng công cụ đó, và màu tại điểm vừa bấm chuột sẽ được tô cho đối tượng đang chọn (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+bấm chuột</flowSpan> để tô nét viền thay vì tô màu).</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="3410.920497" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="3410.920497" x="10">Nhân đôi, sắp xếp và phân phối</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e648"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Ta rất hay phải <flowSpan font-style="italic">nhân đôi</flowSpan> một đối tượng (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+D</flowSpan>) trong khi làm việc. Bản sao sẽ nằm ngay bên trên đối tượng gốc và được chọn ngay khi bạn vừa tạo ra nó, nên bạn có thể kéo chuột hoặc dùng các phím mũi tên để di chuyển nó ra vị trí khác. Hãy thử thực hành bằng cách tạo một đường thẳng từ hình vuông màu đen này:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e667" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="3508.4" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e667"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Chances are, your copies of the square are placed more or less randomly. This is
where the Align dialog (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+A</flowSpan>) is useful. Select all the squares
(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+click</flowSpan> or drag a rubberband), open the dialog and press the
“Center on horizontal axis” button, then the “Make horizontal gaps between objects
equal” button (read the button tooltips). The objects are now neatly aligned and
distributed equispacedly. Here are some other alignment and distribution
examples:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Thuật ngữ <flowSpan font-style="italic">thứ tự z</flowSpan> dùng để chỉ thứ tự xếp chồng của các đối tượng trong bản vẽ, tức là đối tượng nào nằm trên và che khuất các đối tượng khác. Trong trình đơn Đối tượng có 2 lệnh là Lên trên cùng (phím <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Home</flowSpan>) và Xuống dưới cùng (phím <flowSpan font-weight="bold">End</flowSpan>) để di chuyển đối tượng đang chọn lên cao nhất hoặc xuống thấp nhất trong thứ tự z của lớp hiện hành. Hai lệnh khác, Nâng lên (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">PgUp</flowSpan>) và Hạ thấp (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">PgDn</flowSpan>) sẽ di chuyển đối tượng lên/xuống <flowSpan font-style="italic">một vị trí</flowSpan> trong thứ tự z của lớp.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Hãy thực hành các lệnh trên bằng cách đảo ngược thứ tự z của các đối tượng dưới đây, để cho hình elip ngoài cùng bên trái sẽ ở trên cùng, và hình ngoài cùng bên phải sẽ ở dưới cùng:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Một thao tác nhanh để chọn đối tượng là dùng phím <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Tab</flowSpan>. Nếu bạn chưa chọn gì, nhấn Tab sẽ chọn đối tượng nằm dưới cùng trong lớp; bằng không nó sẽ chọn cho bạn <flowSpan font-style="italic">đối tượng nằm trên đối tượng đang chọn</flowSpan> trong thứ tự z của lớp. <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan> có tác dụng ngược lại, bắt đầu từ đối tượng trên cùng trở xuống. Vì các đối tượng được tạo ra sẽ được thêm lên trên các đối tượng đang có, nên nhấn <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan> khi không chọn gì sẽ chọn cho ta đối tượng được tạo <flowSpan font-style="italic">gần đây nhất</flowSpan>. Hãy thử <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Tab</flowSpan> và <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan> với các hình elip ở trên.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="3996.658332" x="10">Chọn và di chuyển đối tượng nằm dưới đối tượng khác</tspan>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e756"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Bạn cần chọn một đối tượng nằm dưới đối tượng khác ư? Có thể đối tượng đó vẫn hiện ra nếu đối tượng nằm trên nó tương đối trong suốt, nhưng nếu bạn nhấn chuột lên nó, bạn sẽ chỉ chọn được đối tượng nằm trên mà thôi.</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e759"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Muốn chọn đối tượng bên dưới, hãy dùng <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+bấm chuột</flowSpan>. <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+bấm chuột</flowSpan> lần đầu sẽ chọn cho bạn đối tượng nằm trên cùng, giống như khi không giữ Alt. Tuy nhiên, tiếp tục <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+bấm chuột</flowSpan> tại cùng điểm đó, bạn có thể lần lượt chọn được các đối tượng <flowSpan font-style="italic">nằm dưới</flowSpan>. Nhờ vậy, sau một vài lần <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+bấm chuột</flowSpan> bạn có thể chọn được đối tượng mình cần di chuyển. Khi hết các đối tượng nằm dưới, tổ hợp <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+bấm chuột</flowSpan> tiếp theo sẽ chọn cho bạn đối tượng nằm trên cùng.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">[Nếu dùng Linux, có thể <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+click</flowSpan> không làm việc. Thay vì thế, có thể toàn bộ cửa sổ Inkscape sẽ bị di chuyển. Đây thường là do trình quản lý cửa sổ của bạn đã đặt Alt+bấm chuột làm thao tác kích hoạt một hành động nào khác. Hãy chỉnh lại cấu hình cho trình quản lý cửa sổ để có thể dùng phím Alt cho các hành động khác.]</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e786"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Sau khi đã chọn các đối tượng bên dưới, bạn có thể dùng bàn phím để chuyển dạng chúng, di chuyển chúng, và có thể kéo các chốt của chúng. Tuy nhiên, kéo đối tượng một cách trực tiếp sẽ có thể làm Inkscape nhầm tưởng là bạn muốn chọn lại đối tượng nằm trên cùng. Để báo với Inkscape rằng bạn muốn <flowSpan font-style="italic">di chuyển đối tượng đang chọn</flowSpan> thay vì chọn đối tượng trên cùng, hãy giữ <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+kéo chuột</flowSpan>. Việc này sẽ di chuyển đối tượng đang chọn mà không quan tâm đến việc bạn bắt đầu kéo chuột ở đâu.</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e795"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Bạn hãy thực hành các thao tác <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+bấm chuột trái</flowSpan> và <flowSpan font-weight="bold">giữ Alt+kéo chuột</flowSpan> trên 2 hình màu nâu nằm dưới hình tam giác màu xanh trong hình này:</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="4418.073294000001" x="10">Selecting similar objects</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape can select other objects similar to the object currently selected.
For example, if you want to select all the blue squares below first select one of the
blue squares, and use <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Edit > Select Same >
Fill Color</flowSpan> from the menu. All the objects with a fill color the same
shade of blue are now selected.</flowDiv>
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