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<!--Author: bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net-->
<rect id="d0e15" width="264" height="1000px" x="35" y="36" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:7.2;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;line-height:150%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e15" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">В этом уроке изложены основы работы с Inkscape. Это обычный документ Inkscape: вы можете его просматривать, редактировать, копировать и сохранять.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e18" width="264" height="1000px" x="35" y="70.272655" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:7.2;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;line-height:150%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e18" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Урок охватывает приемы ориентирования на холсте и работу с документами. Он дает начальное представление о рисующих фигуры инструментах, о выделении, о редактировании и группировке фигур, об установке параметров заливки и обводки, выравнивании и распределении объектов. Если ищете более глубокие знания, смотрите другие уроки из меню «Справка».</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="156.545307"><tspan x="10" y="156.545307">Перемещение по холсту</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e27" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="161.445307" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e27" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Есть множество способов перемещаться по холсту. Попробуйте <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+стрелки</flowSpan> для перемещения при помощи клавиатуры (Попробуйте прямо сейчас Ctrl+стрелка вниз для смещения документа вниз). Вы также можете передвигаться по холсту, зажав его поверхность средней клавишей мыши или при помощи ползунков (нажмите <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+B (здесь и далее все буквы в клавиатурных комбинациях — латинские)</flowSpan>, для того, чтобы показать или спрятать их). <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Колесо прокрутки</flowSpan> на мышке также работает для вертикального перемещения. Для горизонтального перемещения используйте <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift</flowSpan> вместе с колесом.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="270.89461400000005"><tspan x="10" y="270.89461400000005">Изменение масштаба</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e48" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="275.794614" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e48" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Простейший способ изменить масштаб — нажать <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">-</flowSpan> или <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">+</flowSpan> (для увеличения работает и <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">=</flowSpan>). Также работает вариант <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+средняя клавиша мыши</flowSpan> или <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+правая кнопка мыши</flowSpan> — для увеличения, <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+средняя</flowSpan> или <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+правая</flowSpan> — для уменьшения, или колесо мыши с нажатым <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>. Как вариант, вы можете выбрать масштаб увеличения в нижнем левом углу окна документа. Значение указано в процентах; набрав нужное, нажмите <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Enter</flowSpan>. Кроме того, в программе инструмент масштабирования (среди инструментов слева), который позволяет увеличивать только необходимую выделенную область.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e78" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="371.64392100000003" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e78" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape хранит историю масштабов, которые вы использовали при работе. Нажмите клавишу <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">`</flowSpan>, чтобы вернуться к предыдущему состоянию, или <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+`</flowSpan> для перехода к следующему.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="425.23323300000004"><tspan x="10" y="425.23323300000004">Инструменты Inkscape</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e93" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="430.133233" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e93" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Панель со значками в левой части окна представляет инструменты Inkscape для рисования и редактирования. В верхней части окна, под меню, находится <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">панель управления</flowSpan> с основными командными кнопками, и чуть ниже — панель <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">Параметры инструментов</flowSpan>, содержащую параметры, специфичные для каждого инструмента. <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">Строка состояния</flowSpan>, что в самом низу окна, будет показывать полезные подсказки во время вашей работы.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e105" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="503.62214" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e105" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Многие действия доступны с клавиатуры. Полный справочник по клавишам можно вызвать через меню «Справка > Использование клавиатуры и мыши».</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="545.789257"><tspan x="10" y="545.789257">Работа с документами</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e114" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="550.689257" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e114" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Для создания нового чистого документа используйте «<flowSpan style="font-family:sans serif">Файл > Создать</flowSpan>» или нажмите <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+N</flowSpan>. Чтобы открыть существующий документ SVG, используйте «<flowSpan style="font-family:sans serif">Файл > Открыть</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+O</flowSpan>). Для сохранения используйте «<flowSpan style="font-family:sans serif">Файл > Сохранить</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+S</flowSpan>), либо «<flowSpan style="font-family:sans serif">Сохранить как...</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Ctrl+S</flowSpan>) для сохранения файла под другим именем. (Inkscape по-прежнему может быть нестабильным в работе, так что запомните важное правило — сохраняться почаще!)</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e141" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="624.873894" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e141" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape использует формат SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics — Масштабируемая векторная графика) для своих файлов. SVG является открытым стандартом и широко используется в графических пакетах. Формат SVG использует язык разметки XML, поэтому файлы в этом формате могут редактироваться любым текстовым или XML-редактором (отдельно от Inkscape). Помимо SVG в Inkscape можно работать и с другими форматами (например, EPS и PNG).</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e144" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="698.379207" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e144" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Для каждого документа Inkscape открывает новое окно. Вы можете переключаться между ними разными способами в зависимости от менеджера окон (например, нажав <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+Tab</flowSpan> для переключения между документами по кругу). Попробуйте сейчас создать несколько новых документов и попереключаться между ними для практики.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="774.312519"><tspan x="10" y="774.312519">Создание фигур</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e156" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="779.2125189999999" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e156" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Настало время фигур! Выберите синий прямоугольник в полоске слева (или нажмите <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">F4</flowSpan>). Наведите курсор мыши на документ (тут же или в новом созданном окне), нажмите левую клавишу мыши и переместите ее курсор в сторону — вы получите прямоугольник:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e172" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="900.1098759999999" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e172" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Как видите, по умолчанию прямоугольник залит синим цветом, имеет черную <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">обводку</flowSpan> и частично прозрачен. Ниже вы увидите, как изменить эти параметры. Другими инструментами вы также можете создавать овалы, звезды и спирали:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e188" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1020.3642649999998" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e188" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Рассмотренные инструменты называются <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">инструментами фигур</flowSpan>. Каждая созданная фигура имеет один или несколько белых прямоугольников <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">управления (ручек)</flowSpan>; попробуйте потаскать их туда-сюда и обратите внимание на изменение фигуры (белые точки видны только когда выбран один из четырех инструментов: синий квадрат, коричневый круг, желтая звездочка или спираль). У панели параметров инструментов свой способ изменения фигуры. Управляющие элементы в ней влияют на выбранные в настоящий момент объекты (т.е. те, ручки которых видны), <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">а также</flowSpan> определяют параметры новых фигур.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e200" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1127.3855689999998" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e200" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Для <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">отмены</flowSpan> последнего действия действует комбинация <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+Z</flowSpan>. (Если вы изменили решение, можно вернуть <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">отменённое</flowSpan> действие, используя <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Ctrl+Z</flowSpan>.)</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="1180.9584749999997"><tspan x="10" y="1180.9584749999997">Перемещение, изменение размера и вращение</tspan></text> <rect id="d0e221" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1185.8584749999998" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e221" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Наиболее популярный инструмент в Inkscape — <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">Селектор</flowSpan>. Выбрать его можно щелчком по черной стрелке (либо нажатием <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">F1</flowSpan> или <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">пробела</flowSpan>. Этим инструментом вы можете выбрать любой объект на холсте. Щелкните квадрат, изображенный на иллюстрации ниже:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" transform="translate(10, 1245.0033799999999) " y="-0.47140065" x="25.427231" height="38.810017" width="40.574112" id="basic-f03-ru.svgrect804" style="font-size:12.000000;fill:#0000ff;fill-opacity:0.75000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.0000000pt"/>
<rect id="d0e243" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1297.063397" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e243" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Вокруг объекта вы увидите восемь стрелок. Теперь вы можете:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1320.7087092)"/><rect id="d0e250" width="258" height="1000px" x="20" y="1314.7087092" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e250" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan style="font-style:italic">Передвигать</flowSpan> объект (с нажатым <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> перемещения ограничиваются двумя осями: горизонтальной и вертикальной).</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1349.5260211999998)"/><rect id="d0e261" width="258" height="1000px" x="20" y="1343.5260211999998" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e261" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan style="font-style:italic">Менять размер</flowSpan> объекта, потянув за любую из стрелок (меняя размер с нажатым <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>, вы сохраните пропорции оригинала).</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e270" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1372.3269271999998" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e270" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Щелкните по прямоугольнику еще раз — направление стрелок изменится. Теперь вы можете:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1406.8571301999998)"/><rect id="d0e277" width="258" height="1000px" x="20" y="1400.8571301999998" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e277" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan style="font-style:italic">Поворачивать</flowSpan> объект, потянув за угловые стрелки (с нажатым <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> объект будет поворачиваться шагами по 15 градусов. Сместив крестик, вы сместите центр вращения.)</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1446.8300361999998)"/><rect id="d0e288" width="258" height="1000px" x="20" y="1440.8300361999998" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e288" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan style="font-style:italic">Перекашивать</flowSpan> (наклонять) объект, двигая неугловые стрелки. (с нажатым <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> перекашивание будет производиться с шагом в 15 градусов.)</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e297" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1480.8193481999997" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e297" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">В этом режиме (режиме выделения объектов) вы так же можете менять размеры и расположение выделения на холсте, используя поля вверху.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="1523.2366601999995"><tspan x="10" y="1523.2366601999995">Изменение формы при помощи клавиш</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e306" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1528.1366601999996" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e306" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Одна из особенностей Inkscape, отличающая его от большинства других редакторов векторной графики — удобное управление с клавиатуры. Трудно найти команду или действие, которое нельзя было бы выполнить с клавиатуры, и изменение формы объектов — не исключение.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e309" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1579.2815651999997" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e309" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Вы можете использовать клавиатуру для перемещения объектов (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">используя стрелки</flowSpan>), изменения размера (клавиши <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold"><</flowSpan> и <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">></flowSpan>), и вращения (клавиши <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">[</flowSpan> и <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">]</flowSpan>). По умолчанию перемещение и размер меняются на 2 пиксела. С нажатым <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift</flowSpan> это значение увеличивается в 10 раз (и становится равным 20 пикселам). Клавиши <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+></flowSpan> и <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+<</flowSpan> увеличивают или уменьшают объект на 200% или 50% от оригинала соответственно. С нажатым <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> вращение будет выполняться с шагом в 90 градусов вместо 15.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e339" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1663.9588751999997" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e339" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Кстати говоря, наиболее удобны <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">пиксельные изменения формы</flowSpan>, производимые с нажатой клавишей <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt</flowSpan> и клавишами изменения форм. Например, <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+стрелки</flowSpan> будут двигать выбранное на 1 пиксел <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">данного масштаба</flowSpan> (т.е. на 1 <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">пиксел экрана</flowSpan>, не путайте с пикселом, который является SVG единицей длины и отличается от пиксела масштаба). Это значит, что если вы увеличили масштаб, то <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+стрелка</flowSpan> даст <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">меньшее</flowSpan> смещение от абсолютного измерения, что по-прежнему будет выглядит как смещение на пиксел на экране. Это даёт возможность точно разместить объект, меняя масштаб.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e363" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1759.7917761999997" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e363" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Схожим образом <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+></flowSpan> и <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+<</flowSpan> меняют размер на один пиксел, а <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+></flowSpan> и <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+<</flowSpan> вращают объект на один пиксел.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e378" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1788.5926821999997" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e378" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+стрелка</flowSpan> и некоторые другие комбинации клавиш могут не работать, если используемый в Linux оконный менеджер перехватывает эти клавишные события прежде, чем они достигнут Inkscape. Обычно этот вопрос решается настройкой оконного менеджера.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="1853.3375871999997"><tspan x="10" y="1853.3375871999997">Выделение нескольких объектов</tspan></text> <rect id="d0e389" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1858.2375871999998" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e389" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Вы можете выбрать любое количество объектов одновременно, нажав <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+щелчок</flowSpan> на желаемых объектах. Еще можно <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">выбрать</flowSpan> объекты рамкой выделения — так называемым <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">резиновым выделением</flowSpan>. (Рамка выделения появляется, когда выделение начинается с пустого места, а с нажатой клавишей <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift</flowSpan> рамка выделения появится и над объектом.) Попрактикуйтесь в выделении на этих трех фигурах:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e414" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1986.5968321999999" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e414" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Теперь, используя «резиновое» выделение (без или с клавишей <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift</flowSpan>), выделите эллипсы, но не прямоугольник, что под ними:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e430" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2076.2811902" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e430" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Каждый выделенный объект отображается с пунктирной рамкой вокруг него. Благодаря этой рамке просто определить, какой объект выделен, а какой — нет. Например, если выбрать оба эллипса и прямоугольник под ними, без пунктирной рамки будет сложно понять, выделены эллипсы или нет.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e441" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2167.4318132" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e441" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Нажатие <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Esc</flowSpan> сбросит все выделения. <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+A</flowSpan> выделяет все объекты в пределах активного слоя (если вы не создавали слоёв, это равносильно выделению всех объектов документа).</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="2221.0211252"><tspan x="10" y="2221.0211252">Группировка</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e456" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2225.9211252" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e456" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Несколько объектов могут быть объединены в <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">группу</flowSpan>. При перемещении и трансформации группа ведет себя как обычный объект. Как следует из иллюстрации ниже, три объекта слева независимы, в то время как правые объекты сгруппированы. Попробуйте перетащить сгруппированные объекты.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e472" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2362.6260841999997" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e472" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Для создания группы нужно выбрать один или более объектов и нажать <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+G</flowSpan>. Разгруппировать их можно, нажав <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan> и предварительно выбрав группу. Сами по себе группы могут быть сгруппированы и как одиночные объекты. Подобная поэтапная группировка может быть сколь угодно сложной. При этом следует помнить, что <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan> разгруппирует только последнюю группировку. Нужно нажать <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan> несколько раз, если вы хотите полностью разгруппировать сложносгруппированные группы в группе.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e487" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2447.3033941999997" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e487" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Очень удобно, что вам не нужно разбивать группу для редактирования отдельных объектов. Выполнив <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+щелчок</flowSpan> по объекту, вы его выберете и сможете его редактировать. Таким же образом работает комбинация <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Ctrl+щелчок</flowSpan>, позволяющая редактировать несколько объектов независимо от группы. Попробуйте трансформировать или переместить отдельные объекты из предыдущего примера (правая верхняя картинка) без разгруппировки, затем выберите всю группу обычным образом и убедитесь, что объекты остались сгруппированными.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="2556.7527011999996"><tspan x="10" y="2556.7527011999996">Заливка и обводка</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e502" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2561.6527011999997" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e502" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Множество функций Inkscape доступны через <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">диалоги (субменю)</flowSpan>. Вероятно, самый простой способ заполнить объект каким-либо цветом — это выбрать «Образцы цветов...» из меню «Вид», выбрать объект и его цвет в палитре образцов цвета (изменение цвета заливки или обводки объекта).</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e508" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2612.7976062" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e508" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Но более мощным способом будет выбрать диалог «Заливка и обводка...» через меню «Объект» (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Ctrl+F</flowSpan>). Выберите ту фигуру, что ниже, и откройте диалог «Заливка и обводка...».</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e524" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2705.9582981999997" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e524" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Вы увидите, что диалог содержит три вкладки: «Заливка», «Цвет обводки», и «Стиль обводки». Вкладка «Заливка» позволит вам изменить <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">заполнение</flowSpan> выбранного объекта (или объектов). Используя кнопки под вкладкой, вы можете выбрать тип заливки, включая режим «Нет заливки» (кнопка со знаком X), режим «Плоский цвет», режимы «Линейный градиент» или «Радиальный градиент». Для приведенной выше фигуры будет нажата кнопка «Плоский цвет».</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e530" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2789.8645141999996" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e530" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Чуть ниже расположены кнопки-варианты <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">выбора цвета</flowSpan>. Каждый вариант имеет свою вкладку: RGB, CMYK, HSL, и «Круг». Вероятно, самым удобным вариантом является «Круг», где можно выбрать тон цвета, вращая треугольник, а затем подобрать насыщенность и яркость в самом треугольнике. Все варианты выбора цвета имеют возможность менять <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">альфа-канал</flowSpan> (прозрачность) выбранного объекта (или объектов).</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e539" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2863.3534211999995" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e539" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Каждый раз при выборе объекта вкладка «Заливка и обводка...» показывает текущее значение для данного объекта (для нескольких, одновременно выбранных объектов, вкладка цвета показывает их <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">усредненный</flowSpan> цвет). Поэкспериментируйте на этих примерах:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e555" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2969.5916091999993" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e555" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Используя вкладку «Цвет обводки», вы можете убрать <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">обводку</flowSpan> объекта, установить его цвет или прозрачность:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e571" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="3052.9651101999993" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e571" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Последняя вкладка «Стиль обводки» позволит вам изменить толщину и другие параметры обводки:</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e600" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="3231.4884681999993" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e600" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">При переключении с режима «Плоский цвет» на режим градиента, создаваемый градиент использует предыдущий цвет и направлен от насыщенности к прозрачности. Переключитесь на инструмент для градиентов (выбрав инструмент в левой панели или нажав <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+F1</flowSpan>). При перемещении <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">рычаги градиента</flowSpan> — видно, что рычаги связаны линиями, которые определяют направление и длину градиента. Когда какой-нибудь из вычагов градиента выбран (подсвечен синим), диалог «Заливка и обводка...» устанавливает цвет рычага (цвета части градиента), а не выбранного объекта.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e609" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="3327.071173199999" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e609" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Ещё один способ изменить цвет объекта — использовать инструмент Пипетка («Брать усредненные цвета от изображения (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">F7</flowSpan>)»). Просто <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">щелкните</flowSpan> этим инструментом в любой части рисунка, и полученный цвет будет присвоен выбранному до этого объекту (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+щелчок</flowSpan> присвоит цвет обводке).</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="3391.832484199999"><tspan x="10" y="3391.832484199999">Дублирование, выравнивание, распределение</tspan></text>
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<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="3664.1662411999987"><tspan x="10" y="3664.1662411999987">Z-порядок</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e671" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="3669.066241199999" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e671" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Термин <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">Z-порядок</flowSpan> (порядок по оси Z) относится к перекрыванию объектами друг друга на рисунке. Иначе говоря, Z-порядок определяет, какой объект находится выше и закрывает собой другие. Две команды в меню «Объект» → «Поднять на передний план» (клавиша <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Home</flowSpan>) и «Опустить на задний план» (клавиша <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">End</flowSpan>), переместят выбранный объект в самую верхнюю или самую нижнюю позицию по оси Z данного слоя. Другие две команды, «Поднять» (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">PgUp</flowSpan>) и «Опустить» (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">PgDn</flowSpan>), опустят или приподнимут выбранный объект (или объекты), <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">но только на один уровень</flowSpan> относительно других невыделенных объектов по оси Z (считаются только объекты, перекрывающие выделенные; если выделение ничем не перекрывается, действие «Поднять» и «Опустить» будет ставить его в самую верхнюю или самую нижнюю позицию соответственно).</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e705" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="3922.071483199999" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e705" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Очень полезная клавиша для выделений объектов — <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Tab</flowSpan>. Если ничего не выбрано, Tab выделяет самый нижний объект по оси Z; иначе Tab выбирает объект, <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">находящийся над выбранным объектом (объектами)</flowSpan> на оси Z. <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan> срабатывает наоборот, переключая от верхнего к нижнему, поскольку при создании объекта он добавляется в самый верх Z-уровня. И если нет выделения, нажатие <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan> выберет <flowSpan style="font-style:italic">последний</flowSpan> созданный объект. Опробуйте использование <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Tab</flowSpan> и <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan> на стопке эллипсов вверху.</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="4020.348793199999"><tspan x="10" y="4020.348793199999">Выделение объектов под объектами и перемещение выделенного</tspan></text>
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<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="4460.4355381999985"><tspan x="10" y="4460.4355381999985">Заключение</tspan></text>
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