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<text id="text7519" opacity="0.5" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" line-height="125%" font-weight="normal" xml:space="preserve" transform="matrix(0,1,-1,0,0,0)" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-size="7.5px" font-variant="normal" y="-326.81229" x="3.6203015" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:linespacing="125%" fill="#000000"><tspan id="tspan2946" sodipodi:role="line" x="3.6203015" y="-326.81229">از ctrl+ جهت بالا برای پیمایش به بالا استفاده کنید</tspan></text>
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<tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813099;" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0" fill="#ffffff">::اصول ابتدایی</tspan>
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<!--Author: bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net-->
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">این آموزش گام به گام قرار است اصول و مفاهیم پایه‌ای کار با Inkscape را آموزش دهد. یک فایل عادی Inkscape را می‌توانید با کمک این برنامه ببینید، ویرایش کنید، کپی کرده و یا ذخیره کنید.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-family="Sans" font-size="7.2" line-height="150%" font-weight="normal" font-style="italic" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">در اصول و مفاهیم پایه‌ای کار با Inkscape، مباحث پیمایش (اسکرول) صفحه، مدیریت فایل‌های Inkscape، اصول اولیه‌ی کار با اَشکال، تکنیک‌های انتخاب کردن، نحوه‌ی تغییر شکل دادن اشیاء با selector، گروه‌بندی، تنظیم رنگ و خط حاشیه، مرتب کردن اشیاء در صفحه و z-order بررسی خواهند شد.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="134.440821" x="10">پیمایش صفحه</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">راه‌های زیادی برای پیمایش (اسکرول) صفحه‌ وجود دارد. برای اسکرول به کمک صفحه کلید از <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+کلید‌های جهت‌دار</flowSpan> استفاده می‌شود. (همین الان، از این کلید‌ها برای اسکرول کردن صفحه به سمت پایین استفاده کنید.) همچنین می‌توانید صفحه را به کمک کلید وسط ماوس درگ کنید. یا، از نوار‌های پیمایش استفاده کنید (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+B</flowSpan> این نوار‌ها را مخفی و مرئی می‌کند). برای پیمایش عمودی <flowSpan font-weight="bold">چرخک ماوس</flowSpan> را به کار بگیرید با نگهداشتن کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan> در حین چرخاندن چرخک، پیمایش افقی حاصل می‌شود.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="214.19437600000003" x="10">زوم کردن یا برگشت از زوم (zoom in or out)</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">آسانترین راه برای زوم کردن، استفاده از کلید های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> – </flowSpan> و <flowSpan font-weight="bold">+ </flowSpan> (یا <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> = </flowSpan>) است. همچنین با استفاده از <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl/+کلیک وسط ماوس <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> یا <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl/+کلیک راست ماوس <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> می‌توانید زوم کنید، <flowSpan> Shift/+کلیک وسط ماوس <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> یا Shift </flowSpan>+کلیک راست ماوس <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> برای برگشت از زوم به کار می‌آیند. عملیات مربوط به زوم و برگشت از زوم با نگه داشتن <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl/ و چرخاندن چرخک ماوس <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> نیز امکان پذیر است. با کلیک کردن در محدوده مربوط به زوم (در گوشه سمت راست پنجره سند)، مقدار دقیق زوم را به درصد بنویسید و کلید Enter را بزنید تا عملیات زوم به اندازه وارد شده انجام شود. همچنین ابزار Zoom در جعبه ابزار، سمت چپ به شما اجازه می‌دهد در محدوده‌ای که با ماوس حدودش را مشخص می‌کنید، زوم کنید.</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">نرم افزار Inkscape همچنین تاریخچه‌ای از مراحل زوم را در نشست کاری ذخیره می‌کند. کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> ` </flowSpan> (کلیدی که علامت ~ دارد) را برای برگشتن به زوم قبلی و کلید<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift+` </flowSpan> را برای رفتن به زوم بعدی بزنید.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="345.405728" x="10">ابزارهای Inkscape</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">جعبه ابزار عمودی سمت چپ، ابزار‌های طراحی و ویرایش Inkscape را نشان می‌دهد. در قسمت بالای پنجره زیر منو‌ی اصلی، نوار Commands </flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">بسیاری از اعمال را می‌توان با استفاده از میانبر‌های صفحه کلید انجام داد. برای دیدن مرجع کامل این میانبر‌ها از منوی Help زیر منوی Keys را انتخاب کنید.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="421.044255" x="10">ساختن و مدیریت اسناد</tspan>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">برای ساختن یک سند خالی، به <flowSpan font-family="Sans"> File &gt; New </flowSpan> بروید یا کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+N </flowSpan> را بزنید. برای باز کردن یک سند موجود به فرمت SVG، از <flowSpan font-family="Sans"> File &gt; Open </flowSpan> یا کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+O </flowSpan> استفاده کنید. برای ذخیره کردن سند نیز، مسیر <flowSpan font-family="Sans"> File &gt; </flowSpan> را طی کنید یا کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+S <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> را بزنید. همچنین برای ذخیره کردن با یک اسم دیگر گزینه Save As را انتخاب کنید یا کلید‌های Shift+Ctrl+S را به خدمت بگیرید. (Inkscape ممکن است هنوز ناپایدار باشد، پس مرتبا فایلهایتان را ذخیره کنید!)</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">نرم افزار Inkscape از فرمت SVG (سرواژه ی عبارت Scalable Vector Graphics) برای ذخیره کردن فایل‌های خودش استفاده می‌کند. SVG یک استاندارد باز است که طیف گسترده‌ای از نرم افزار‌های گرافیکی آن را پشتیبانی می‌کنند. فایل‌های SVG بر پایه‌ی XML بنا شده‌اند و توسط هر ویرایشگر متنی یا ویرایشگر XML ای می‌توانند ویرایش شوند. Inkscape در کنار SVG چندین نوع قالب فایلی دیگر مثل (PNG و EPS) را می‌تواند وارد (import) و صادر (export) کند. ( import کردن یک فایل، یعنی اینکه آن فایل‌ را در سند ‌‌Inkscape به عنوان بخشی از فایلتان وارد کرده و از آن استفاده کنید. Export کردن یک فایل، یعنی فایلی که در Inkscape ساخته‌اید را می‌توانید به این فرمت‌ها درآورده و ذخیره کنید.)</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">نرم افزار Inkscape برای هر سند جدید، یک پنجره‌ی جدید باز می‌کند. با <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt+Tab </flowSpan> یا سایر روش‌ها می‌توانید بین پنجره‌ها حرکت کنید، یا از میانبر Inkscape (کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+Tab </flowSpan>) استفاده کنید که بین تمام پنجره‌های Inkscape که فایلی در آن باز شده باشد، سوییچ می‌کند. (همین الان یک سند جدید بسازید و برای تمرین بین آن و این سند سوییچ کنید.) نکته: Inkscape با این پنجره‌ها مثل تب‌های یک مرورگر وب رفتار می‌کند، یعنی میانبر <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+Tab </flowSpan> بین اسنادی که در یک پروسه اجرا شده باشند، سوییچ می‌کند. اگر چند فایل را از یک مدیر فایل اجرا کنید یا بیش از یک پروسه Inkscape اجرا کرده باشید، این میانبر برای تمام پنجره‌ها کار نخواهد کرد.</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="668.8588239999999" x="10" font-family="Sans" font-style="normal" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="668.8588239999999" x="10">ساختن شکل‌ها</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">وقت کشیدن چند شکل نازنین است! روی ابزار مستطیل Rectangle در نوار ابزار کلیک کنید (یا کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> F4 </flowSpan> را بزنید) و در یک سند جدید یا همینجا کلیک را نگه داشته و ماوس را بکشید و رها کنید (به این عمل درگ کردن می‌گویند)، در یک سند جدید یا همینجا مستطیل را بکشید:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">As you can see, default rectangles come up blue, with a black <flowSpan font-style="italic">stroke</flowSpan> (outline),
and fully opaque. We&apos;ll see how to change that below. With other tools, you can
also create ellipses, stars, and spirals:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e181"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">به مجموعه این ابزار‌ها، ابزار‌های <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> ترسیم شکل (shape tools) <flowSpan font-style="italic"> می‌گویند. هر شکلی که ایجاد کنید یک یا چند <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> اهرم <flowSpan> چهارگوش دارد؛ سعی کنید آن‌ها را با ماوس بکشید تا اثر آن‌ها را بر شکل ببینید. یک راه دیگر برای تنظیم دقیق شکل وجود دارد. می‌توان پارامتر‌های نوار کنترل مربوط به ابزار را تنظیم کرد. این تغییرات بر روی شکلی که انتخاب شده باشد بلافاصله اعمال می‌شود. (معمولا اهرم‌های سفیدی روی شکلی که انتخاب شده باشد، دیده می‌شود) <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> و <flowSpan font-style="italic">اگر قبل از تغییر دادن پارامتر‌ها هیچ شکلی انتخاب نشده باشد، تغییرات بر اشکالی که بعدا ساخته شوند، اعمال خواهد شد.</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e196"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">برای <flowSpan font-style="italic"/>خنثی <flowSpan font-style="italic"> کردن آخرین عمل انجام شده، کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+Z </flowSpan> را بزنید. (یا اگر دوباره نظرتان عوض شد، می‌توانید عمل خنثی شده را با زدن کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift+Ctrl+Z </flowSpan> دوباره برگردانید.)</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1017.6392859999999" x="10" font-family="Sans" font-style="normal" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1017.6392859999999" x="10">جابه‌جا کردن، مقیاس کردن، چرخاندن</tspan>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e215"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">پر‌استفاده‌ترین ابزار Inkscape، </flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e228" display="none" height="1000px" width="288" y="1100.6" x="10"/>
<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e228"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">حالا هشت اهرم شبیه فلش اطراف شکل می‌بینید. در این وضعیت می‌توانید:</flowDiv>
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<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1124.6844592999998)"/>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e235"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">شئ را با درگ کردن آن <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> جابه‌جا <flowSpan font-style="italic">کنید. (کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl </flowSpan> را برای محدود کردن حرکت در جهت‌های افقی و عمودی نگه دارید)</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1154.3184792999998)"/>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e248"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">شئ را با کشیدن (درگ کردن) هر یک از اهرم‌ها <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> مقیاس <flowSpan font-style="italic"> کنید. (کلید Ctrl را برای ثابت نگه داشتن نسبت طول به عرض شکل نگه دارید.) (مقیاس کردن یعنی اینکه شکل را همانطور که هست کوچک یا بزرگ کنید، می‌توانید با هدایت ماوس نسبت کوچک/بزرگ شدن شکل را در امتداد طول یا عرض آن تعیین کنید)</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e256"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">حالا دوباره روی مستطیل کلیک کنید. ( اگر شکل از حالت انتخاب خارج شده است، روی شکل دوبار کلیک کنید) حالا اهرم‌ها تغییر می‌کنند. می‌توانید:</flowDiv>
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<circle cy="0" cx="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1234.5756262999998)"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">شئ را با کشیدن (درگ کردن) اهرم‌های گوشه <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> بچرخانید <flowSpan font-style="italic">. (کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl </flowSpan> را برای محدود کردن دَوَران به چرخش‌های ۱۵ درجه‌ای نگه دارید. علامت + را برای مشخص کردن مرکز دوران درگ کنید تا جابه‌جا شود.)</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e276"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">شی را با درگ کردن اهرم‌هایی که در گوشه نیستند <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> نامتوازن (skew) <flowSpan font-style="italic"> کنید. (کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl </flowSpan> را برای محدود کردن نامتوازن‌سازی به مراحل ۱۵ درجه‌ای نگه دارید) (نامتوازن سازی در واقع موّرب کردن شکل است، به عنوان مثال با نامتوازن کردن یک مستطیل، می‌توانید آن را به یک متوازی‌الاضلاع تبدیل کنید)</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e287"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">در حالی که ابزار انتخابگر فعال است، در نوار کنترل‌ (بالای صفحه) مقادیر دقیق مختصات (X و Y) و اندازه (W و H) -همان طول و عرض- مربوط به شئ انتخاب شده را (به عدد!) وارد کنید. (توجه داشته‌ باشید که مقادیر H و W در واقع شکل را مقیاس می‌کند.)</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1373.3485602999997" x="10" font-family="Sans" font-style="normal" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1373.3485602999997" x="10">تغییر شکل با کلید‌ها</tspan>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e296"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">یکی از ویژگی‌های Inkscape که آن را از بیشتر برنامه‌های ویرایشگر برداری جدا می‌کند، تاکید آن بر دسترسی از طریق صفحه کلید است. به سختی می‌توان فرمان یا عملیاتی را در Inkscape پیدا کرد که نتوان آن را از صفحه کلید انجام داد، و تغییر شکل اشیاء هم از این قاعده مستثنی نیست.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e299"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">می‌توانید از <flowSpan font-weight="bold"/> کلید‌های جهت‌دار <flowSpan> صفحه برای جابه‌جا کردن، کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> &lt; </flowSpan> و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> &gt; </flowSpan> برای مقیاس کردن و کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> [ </flowSpan> و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> ] </flowSpan> برای چرخاندن (دَوَران) اشیاء استفاده کنید. گام پیش فرض برای جابه‌جایی و مقیاس‌ کردن ۲ پیکسل است؛ با نگهداشتن کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift </flowSpan> می‌توانید این گام‌ را ۱۰ برابر کنید. <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+&gt; </flowSpan> و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+&lt; </flowSpan> شئ را به ترتیب به ۲۰۰٪ و ۵۰٪ مقدار اصلی‌اش مقیاس می‌کنند. دوران‌های پیش فرض با گام‌های ۱۵ درجه‌ای اجرا می‌شوند؛ با نگهداشتن کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl </flowSpan> چرخش به گام‌های ۹۰ درجه‌ای افزایش خواهد یافت.</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e330"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">با این وجود، شاید مفید‌ترین مقدار گام برای تغییر شکل، گام‌های در <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> اندازه پیکسل <flowSpan font-style="italic"> باشد، که با استفاده از نگهداشتن کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt </flowSpan> به همراه کلید‌های تغییر شکل اجرا می‌شوند. به عنوان مثال،<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt/+ کلیدهای جهت‌دار <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> ناحیه انتخاب شده را به اندازه ۱ پیکسل در <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> زوم فعلی <flowSpan> جابه‌جا می‌کند (در عمل، این یک پیکسل را نباید با واحد اندازه گیری پیکسل که یک واحد اندازه گیری طول مستقل از زوم است، اشتباه گرفت). این به این معناست که اگر زوم کنید، نتیجه‌ی یک Alt+کلید جهت‌دار حرکت مطلق <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> کوچکتری <flowSpan font-style="italic"> را نتیجه می‌دهد که هنوز به نظر یک پیکسل در صفحه می‌آید. بنابراین می‌توان اشیاء را با استفاده از زوم کردن یا برگشتن از زوم با دقت دلخواه در صفحه ساماندهی کرد. </flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e352"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">به طور مشابه، <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt+&gt; </flowSpan> و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt+&lt; </flowSpan> ناحیه‌ی انتخاب شده را به اندازه یک پیکسل در زوم فعلی مقیاس می‌کنند، و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt+[ </flowSpan> و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt+] </flowSpan> آن ناحیه را طوری می‌چرخانند که دورترین نقطه از مرکز شئ به اندازه یک پیکسل صفحه نمایش در زوم فعلی جابه‌جا شود.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e367"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">نکته: کاربران گنو/لینوکس ممکن است از ترکیب <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt/+کلید‌های جهت‌دار <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> و چند ترکیب دیگر از کلید‌ها نتیجه‌ای نگیرند، به خاطر اینکه مدیر پنجره‌شان احتمالاً رویداد آن کلید‌ها را قبل از رسیدن به برنامه Inkscape می‌گیرد. برای رفع این مشکل می‌بایست تنظیمات مدیر پنجره را به صورت مناسب تغییر داد.</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1655.5597142999995" x="10" font-family="Sans" font-style="normal" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1655.5597142999995" x="10">انتخاب چندگانه</tspan>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">با نگه داشتن کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift/ موقع کلیک کردن<flowSpan>، می‌توانید هر تعداد شئ را به طور همزمان انتخاب کنید. یا می‌توانید اطراف اشیائی که می‌خواهید انتخاب شوند، ماوس را <flowSpan font-weight="bold"/> درگ <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> کنید؛ به این روش انتخاب کردن، <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> انتخاب روبانی <flowSpan font-style="italic"> می‌گویند. (ابزار انتخابگر با درگ کردن ماوس از یک فضای خالی یک روبان ایجاد می‌کند -منظور از این روبان در واقع همان مستطیل بی‌رنگ با خطوط مشکی‌ است که محدوده‌ی انتخاب شونده را مشخص می‌کند- ؛ البته اگر کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift </flowSpan> را قبل از فشار دادن کلید ماوس بزنید، Inkscape همیشه چنین روبانی می‌سازد). با انتخاب هر سه شکل زیر انتخاب کردن چند شئ را تمرین کنید:</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">حالا با استفاده از انتخاب روبانی (با درگ کردن یا <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift/+درگ کردن<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> ) دو بیضی را انتخاب کنید طوریکه مستطیل در محدوده انتخاب شده نباشد:</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">هر شئ مجزای انتخاب شده، یک <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> نشانه‌ی انتخاب <flowSpan font-style="italic"> نمایش می‌دهد. -به صورت پیش فرض، یک فریم نقطه چین مستطیل شکل است-. این نشانه‌ها دیدن اینکه چه چیزی انتخاب شده و چه چیزی انتخاب نشده است را آسان می‌کنند. به عنوان مثال، اگر هر دو بیضی و مستطیل را انتخاب کنید، بدون نشانه‌ها به سختی می‌توانید حدس بزنید که بیضی‌ها انتخاب شده‌اند یا نه.</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e432"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">اجرای <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift/+کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> روی یک شئ انتخاب شده آن را از محدوده‌ی انتخاب خارج می‌کند. هر سه شئ بالا را انتخاب کنید، سپس با استفاده از<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift/+کلیک<flowSpan font-weight="bold">، هر دو بیضی را از محدوده‌ی انتخاب خارج کنید تا فقط مستطیل در حالت انتخاب باقی بماند.</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">زدن کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Esc </flowSpan> همه‌ چیز را در لایه‌ی فعلی از محدوده‌ی انتخاب خارج می‌کند. (اگر لایه‌ای نساخته باشید، این مثل خارج کردن همه اشیاء سند از حالت انتخاب می‌شود)</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2010.0465972999996" x="10">گروه بندی</tspan>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e455"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">چند شئ می‌توانند ترکیب شده و یک <flowSpan font-style="italic"> گروه <flowSpan font-style="italic"> بسازند. یک گروه، موقع درگ کردن یا تغییر شکل دادن، مثل یک شئ منفرد رفتار می‌کند. در زیر، سه شئ سمت چپ مستقل هستند؛ سه شئ مشابه سمت راست گروه شده‌اند. سعی کنید گروه را به کمک ماوس درگ کنید.</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e472"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">برای ساختن یک گروه، یک یا چند شئ را انتخاب کرده و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+G </flowSpan> را بزنید. برای خارج کردن یک یا چند گروه از حالت گروه‌بندی شده، آن‌ها را انتخاب کرده و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+U </flowSpan> را بزنید. خود گروه‌ها، درست مثل بقیه اشیاء ممکن است دوباره و دوباره گروه‌بندی شوند و در تعداد این مراحل گروه‌بندی محدودیتی وجود ندارد؛ لازم به ذکر است که، <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+U </flowSpan> فقط در بالاترین سطح گروه انتخاب شده را از حالت گروه‌بندی خارج می‌کند؛ برای خارج کردن تمام اشیاء عضو یک گروه در گروه‌‌های عمیق از حالت گروه‌بندی باید زدن <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+U </flowSpan> چندین بار تکرار شود.</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e487"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">برای ویرایش یک شئ الزامی به خارج کردن آن از گروه نیست. فقط کافی است شئ را<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl/+کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> کنید تا به تنهایی انتخاب شده و قابل ویرایش شود، یا چندین شئ (داخل یا بیرون از گروه) را با <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+Shift/+کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> کنید تا چند شئ صرفنظر از گروه‌بندی انتخاب و آماده ویرایش شود. سعی کنید اشیاء مجزای یک گروه را بدون از گروه خارج کردن، جابه‌جا کرده یا تغییر شکل دهید، سپس همه چیز را از حالت انتخاب شده خارج کرده، گروه را به طور طبیعی انتخاب کنید تا مطمئن شوید که گروه همچنان حالت گروه‌ بودنش را حفظ کرده است.</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="2296.3490493000004" x="10" font-family="Sans" font-style="normal" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="2296.3490493000004" x="10">پُر کردن و حاشیه</tspan>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">بسیاری از توابع Inkscape در <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> کادر‌های محاوره‌ای <flowSpan font-style="italic"> قرار داده شده‌اند. احتمالاً ساده‌ترین روش برای رنگ کردن یک شئ باز کردن کادر محاوره swatch از منوی View است (یا زدن کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift+Ctrl+W </flowSpan>)، سپس مراحل کار چنین پیش می‌رود که شئ مورد نظر انتخاب می‌شود و با کلیک کردن روی یک رنگ برای رنگ کردن آن شئ، عملیات به پایان می‌رسد. (این روش عوض کردن رنگی است که شئ با آن پُر شده است).</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">از این قدرتمندتر، کادر محاوره Fill and Stroke از منوی Object است (یا کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift+Ctrl+F </flowSpan>). شئ زیر را انتخاب کنید و کادر محاوره Fill and Stroke را باز کنید.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">خواهید دید که آن کادر سه تَب دارد:Stroke paint، Fill و Stroke style. تب <flowSpan font-style="italic"> fill </flowSpan> به شما اجازه می‌دهد که ویژگی پُر‌شدگی (فضای داخل) شئ یا اشیاء انتخاب شده را ویرایش کنید. با استفاده از دکمه‌های پایین این تَب، می‌توانید نوع پُر شدن، شامل پُر نشدن (دکمه X دار)، رنگ یک دست (Flat color)، گرادیان‌های خطی (Linear gradient) یا گرادیان دایره‌ای (Radial gradient) را انتخاب کنید. برای شکل بالا، دکمه‌ی رنگ یک دست فعال خواهد بود. (گرادیان در واقع طیفی از رنگ‌هاست که از یک رنگ شروع شده و مرحله به مرحله به رنگ دیگر تبدیل می‌شود. می‌توان این طیف را با چندین رنگ نیز ایجاد کرد)</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e539"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">در قسمت پایین‌تر، مجموعه‌ای از رنگ گزین‌ها (<flowSpan font-style="italic"> color pickers </flowSpan>) را در تب مخصوص خودشان می‌بینید: RGB, CMYK, HSL و Wheel. شاید مناسب‌ترین آن‌ها رنگ گزین Wheel باشد که شما می‌توانید با چرخاندن مثلث، تُن رنگ را از چرخ بگیرید، و سپس با انتخاب میزان سایه‌ی دلخواه از آن تُن، رنگ نهایی را انتخاب کنید. تمام رنگ گزین‌ها یک لغزنده برای تنظیم میزان <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> آلفا (شفافیت) <flowSpan font-style="italic"> شئ یا اشیاء انتخاب شده دارند. (اگر شفافیت را صفر کنید، رنگ نامرئی به دست می‌آید)</flowSpan></flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e549" display="none" height="1000px" width="288" y="2581.1" x="10"/>
<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e549"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">هر زمان که یک شئ را انتخاب کنید، رنگ گزین برای نمایش رنگ پُر شده و حاشیه شئ به هنگام می‌شود (یعنی با انتخاب هر شئ رنگ و حاشیه‌ی مربوط به آن در این کادر محاوره‌ای نمایش داده می‌شود و می‌توان آن را تغییر داد) (با انتخاب چندین شئ، کادر محاوره رنگ <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> متوسطشان <flowSpan font-style="italic"> را نشان می‌دهد). با این نمونه‌ها کار کنید یا نمونه‌های خودتان را بسازید.</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e566"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">با استفاده از تب Stroke paint، می‌توانید خط حاشیه‌ <flowSpan font-style="italic"> stroke </flowSpan> (مرز) شئ را حذف کنید، یا رنگ دلخواه به آن نسبت داده یا آن را شفاف کنید:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e582"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">آخرین تب، Stroke style، اجازه می‌دهد که عرض یا بقیه پارامتر‌های خط حاشیه را تنظیم کنید:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">در آخر، به جای رنگ یک دست، می‌توانید از گرادیان‌ها برای پُر کردن و یا خط حاشیه اشیاء استفاده کنید:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">وقتی از رنگ یک دست به گرادیان سوییچ می‌کنید، یک گرادیان جدید با استفاده از رنگ مذبور ساخته می‌شود که از مات به شفاف (از نامرئی به رنگ مورد نظر) می‌رود. به ابزار گرادیان سوییچ کنید (<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+F1 </flowSpan>) تا اهرم‌های <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> گرادیان <flowSpan font-style="italic"> قابل جابه‌جا شدن شوند – کنترل‌های متصل شده به خطوط جهت و طول گرادیان را مشخص می‌کنند. وقتی یکی از اهرم‌های گرادیان انتخاب شده باشد (رنگش آبی پررنگ باشد)، کادر Fill and Stroke رنگ‌ آن اهرم را به جای رنگ تمام شئ، نشان داده و تنظیم می‌کند.</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">راه دیگری برای عوض کردن رنگ یک شئ وجود دارد، برای اینکار ابزار Dropper کلید (<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> F7 </flowSpan>) می‌تواند گزینه‌ی مناسبی باشد. برای استفاده از این ابزار، شکلی که می‌خواهید رنگ شود را انتخاب کنید، ابزار را فعال کنید و روی هر نقطه‌ای در صفحه که رنگ مورد نظرتان را دارد <flowSpan font-weight="bold"/> کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> کنید تا شکل انتخاب شده به آن رنگ درآید (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift/+کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> رنگ حاشیه را تنظیم می‌کند).</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<tspan y="3054.2835365" x="10">تکثیر، هم‌ترازی، توزیع</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">یکی از پرکاربردترین اعمال، <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> تکثیر <flowSpan font-style="italic"> یک شئ است (<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Ctrl+D </flowSpan>). شئ تکثیر شده دقیقا بالای شکل اصلی قرار می‌گیرد و به حالت انتخاب شده در می‌آید، پس می توانید با درگ ماوس یا کلید‌های جهت‌دار آن را کنار بکشید. برای تمرین، سعی کنید از کپی‌های این مربع سیاه یک خط بسازید.</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">احتمالی که وجود دارد این است که کپی‌های مربع شما کم و بیش نامرتب باشند. این همان موقعیتی است که کادر Align مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Shift+A</flowSpan>). برای مرتب کردن به کمک این کادر، تمام مربع‌ها را انتخاب کنید (<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift/+کلیک برای درگ کردن یک روبان<flowSpan font-weight="bold">)، کادر را باز کنید و دکمه Center on horizontal axis را بزنید و پس از آن Make horizontal gaps between objects equal را بزنید (برای یافتن دکمه‌ی مناسب، ماوس را روی هر دکمه کمی نگهدارید و tooltip آن را بخوانید). اشیاء حالا مرتب و توزیع شده‌ هستند. در اینجا چند نمونه دیگر از مرتب سازی و توزیع آورده شده است:</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<tspan y="3303.2445165000004" x="10">Z-order</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">واژه‌ی <flowSpan font-style="italic"> z-order </flowSpan> به سلسله مراتب پشت سر هم قرار گرفتن اشیاء در یک طراحی گفته می‌شود، مثلا اینکه کدام اشیاء بالا هستند و بقیه را می‌پوشانند و کدام اشیا زیر هستند و شاید بخشی از آن‌ها دیده می‌شود. در این رابطه دو دستور در منوی Object وجود دارد: Rise to Top (کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Home </flowSpan>) و Lower to Bottom (کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> End </flowSpan>) که به ترتیب شئ انتخاب شده را به بالاترین سطح و پایین‌ترین سطح z-order در لایه‌ی فعلی می‌برند. دو دستور دیگر، Raise (کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> PgUp </flowSpan>) و Lower (کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> PgDn </flowSpan>) هستند که به اندازه یک سطح z-order شئ انتخاب شده را بالا یا پایین می‌آورند. </flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">استفاده از این دستورات را با تغییر دادن z-order اشیاء زیر تمرین کنید، تا اولین بیضی از سمت چپ رو و اولین بیضی از سمت راست پشت بقیه بیضی‌ها قرار گیرد:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">یک میانبر بسیار مفید کلید <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Tab </flowSpan> است. اگر هیچ چیز انتخاب نشده باشد، کلید Tab، شئ‌ای که در پایین‌ترین سطح z-order باشد را انتخاب می‌کند؛ در غیر اینصورت، شئ‌ای که <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> سطح z-order آن بالای شئ انتخاب شده باشد <flowSpan font-style="italic"> انتخاب می‌شود. <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan> برعکس کار می‌کند، به این ترتیب که از بالاترین شئ شروع می‌کند و به سمت پایین حرکت می‌کند. از آنجا که اشیائی که می‌سازید به صورت پشته در سند ذخیره می‌شود، <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift+Tab </flowSpan> زدن در حالتی که هیچ شئ‌ای انتخاب نشده باشد، آخرین شئ‌ای که اخیرا ساخته‌اید را انتخاب خواهد کرد. کار کردن با کلید‌های <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Tab </flowSpan> و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Shift+Tab </flowSpan> را روی بیضی‌های بالا تمرین کنید.</flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<tspan y="3569.6952355000003" x="10">انتخاب کردن شئ زیرین و درگ کردن آن</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">اگر شئ‌ای که نیاز دارید زیر شئ دیگری پنهان شده باشد، چه کار می‌کنید؟ اگر شئ بالایی (تا حدودی) شفاف باشد، ممکن است هنوز شئ زیری را ببینید، اما کلیک کردن روی آن باعث می‌شود شئ بالایی انتخاب شود و نه آنچه که شما می‌خواهید.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">در این وضعیت <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt/+کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> مفید واقع می‌شود. با چندبار زدن<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt/+کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> می‌تواند اشیائی که در سطح z-order Alt/+ </flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">نکته: (اگر در لینوکس باشید، ممکن است متوجه شوید که <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt/+کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> به درستی کار نمی‌کند. در عوض، ممکن است پنجره اصلی Inkscape را جابه‌جا کند. دلیلش این است که مدیر پنجره شما <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt/+کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> را برای عملیات دیگری رزرو کرده است. برای رفع این مشکل، باید تنظیمات رفتار مدیر پنجره را پیدا کرده و یا آن را خاموش کنید یا آن را با کلید متا (همان کلیدی که عکس ویندوز روی آن درج شده است) عوض کنید تا Inkscape و سایر برنامه‌ها بتوانند آزادانه از Alt استفاده کنند.</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">تا اینجا همه چیز خوب است، اما وقتی یک شئ زیر سطحی را انتخاب می‌کنید، چه کاری می‌توانید با آن انجام‌دهید؟ شما می‌توانید از کلید‌ها برای تغییر شکل آن استفاده کنید و یا می‌توانید اهرم‌های ناحیه‌ی انتخاب شده را درگ کنید. البته، درگ کردن خود شئ، باعث ریست شدن سطح z-order شده و شئ موجود در بالاترین سطح را انتخاب و جابه‌جا خواهد کرد. (این چیزی است که کلیک و درگ برای آن ساخته شده است- مراحل کار به این شکل است که ابتدا بالاترین شئ زیر نشانگر ماوس را انتخاب شده، سپس <flowSpan font-style="italic"/> ناحیه انتخاب شده <flowSpan font-style="italic"> درگ می‌شود). برای اینکه به Inkscape بگویید که شئ انتخاب شده را بدون انتخاب هیچ شئ دیگری درگ کند، از <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt/+درگ کردن <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> استفاده کنید.</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">ترکیب‌های<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt/+کلیک <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> و <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> Alt/+درگ <flowSpan font-weight="bold"> را روی دو شکل قهوه‌ای زیر مستطیل سبز شفاف تمرین کنید:</flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowSpan></flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">این پایان آموزش گام به گام اصول مقدماتی Inkscape بود. مطالب زیادی در مورد Inkscape وجود دارد که بر پایه‌ی تکنیک‌هایی که در اینجا شرح داده شد، قابل اجرا خواهند بود. با گذراندن این بخش، شما قادر هستید که اشکال گرافیکی ساده ولی مفیدی بسازید. برای موارد پیچیده‌تر به بخش پیشرفته و سایر آموزش‌های گام به گام در <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Help &gt; Tutorials</flowSpan> رجوع کنید یا بخش بعدی این سری آموزشی را ببینید.</flowDiv>
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