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<tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813" fill="#ffffff" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0">::進階</tspan>

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bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net 和 josh andler, scislac@users.sf.net

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">這篇教學內容涵蓋複製/貼上、節點編輯、手繪和貝茲曲線、路徑運用、布林運算、偏移、簡化和文字工具。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">使用 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+方向鍵</flowSpan>、<flowSpan font-weight="bold">滑鼠滾輪</flowSpan> 或 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">按著滑鼠中鍵拖曳</flowSpan> 可向下捲動頁面。關於建立、選取和改變物件的基本方法，請閱讀 <flowSpan font-family="Sans">說明 &gt; 指導手冊</flowSpan> 中的基本教學。</flowDiv>

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<tspan y="103.776871" x="10">剪貼技巧</tspan>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">你用 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+C</flowSpan> 複製或用 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+X</flowSpan> 剪下一些物件後，普通的 <flowSpan font-family="Sans">貼上</flowSpan> 指令 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+V</flowSpan>) 會在滑鼠游標正下方貼上複製的物件，如果游標不在視窗內，會將複製物件貼在文件視窗的中心位置。不過，在剪貼簿中的物件被複製時仍會記住原始位置，且你可以用 <flowSpan font-family="Sans">同位置貼上</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+V</flowSpan>) 貼回到那裡。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">另一個指令 - <flowSpan font-family="Sans">貼上樣式</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+V</flowSpan>) 套用在剪貼簿上的 (第一個) 物件樣式到目前的選取。被套用的樣式包括全部的填色、邊框和字型設定，但不包含形狀、大小或指定形狀類型的參數，例如星形的尖角數目。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">又另一個貼上指令 - <flowSpan font-family="Sans">貼上尺寸</flowSpan>，縮放選取的物件使其與剪貼簿物件的尺寸屬性相同。下列為一些貼上尺寸的指令：貼上尺寸、貼上寬度、貼上高度、分別貼上尺寸、分別貼上寬度和分別貼上高度。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-family="Sans">貼上尺寸</flowSpan> 會縮放整個選取區使其與剪貼簿物件整體大小相同。<flowSpan font-family="Sans">貼上寬度</flowSpan>/<flowSpan font-family="Sans">貼上高度</flowSpan> 會水平/垂直縮放整個選取區因而它會與剪貼簿物件的寬度/高度相同。這些指令遵循於選取工具控制列上(W 和 H 之間的地方)的縮放比例鎖定，所以當鎖定被按下時，會以等比例縮放選取物件的其他尺寸；否則其他尺寸沒有變化。此指令包含「個別」處理類似於上述的指令，除了它們個別使每個選取物件縮放為與剪貼簿物件的大小/寬度/高度相同。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<rect id="d0e86" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="312.23" x="10"/>

<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e86"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">剪貼簿是全系統範圍的 - 你可以在不同的 Inkscape 實例之間複製/貼上物件，也可以在 Inkscape 和其他應用程式之間 (此應用程式必須能處理剪貼簿上的 SVG 才可使用)。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="366.115352" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">

<tspan y="366.115352" x="10">手繪和規則路徑</tspan>

</text>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e95"/>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">製作一個任意形狀最簡單的方法是使用鉛筆 (手繪) 工具 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F6</flowSpan>) 繪製：</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<path id="advanced-f01-zh_TW.svgpath1372" style="color:#000000" d="m209.6 38.436c4.81 24.041-7.01 48.593-14.35 70.594-4.08 12.25-0.05-14.799 0.58-22.384 3.21-38.534 52.43-71.095 27.55-27.549-2.52 4.399-8.08 5.74-12.63 5.74" transform="translate(10 397.39)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

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<path id="advanced-f01-zh_TW.svgpath2356" style="color:#000000" d="m168.93 48.291c-0.93 1.387-3.45-0.619-5 0-15.47 6.188-25.19 28.823-0.72 23.928 2.56-0.512 4.77-2.143 7.15-3.214" transform="translate(10 397.39)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f01-zh_TW.svgpath2382" style="color:#000000" d="m230.71 51.862c-0.02 0.042 8.22-2.601 14.65-5.357 13.01-5.578 12.87-20.01-2.15-11.429-10.41 5.949-18.7 23.929-1.07 23.929 9.37 0 21.66-3.891 28.93-10.357" transform="translate(10 397.39)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

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<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e111"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">如果你想要更多規則的形狀，使用筆 (貝茲曲線) 工具 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+F6</flowSpan>)：</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<path id="advanced-f02-zh_TW.svgpath1320" d="m68.536 43.654c7.83-15.458 13-8.555 13-8.555v28.918h-5.854" transform="translate(10 547.12)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f02-zh_TW.svgpath1321" d="m83.172 29.942l9.301-14.321v48.849s-0.841-24.272 9.927-29.4c10.77-5.128 11.79 12.616 0.64 12.616s-7.563 0.033-7.563 0.033l18.653 16.58h-13.27" sodipodi:nodetypes="cccccccc" transform="translate(10 547.12)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f02-zh_TW.svgpath1322" d="m138.02 45.326s6.16-15.126 0-11.965c-6.16 3.16-21.15 17.264-19.42 17.264s19.86-1.855 18.65 0c-1.2 1.854-5.77 15.212-11.53 14.187-5.77-1.026-9.23-10.94-9.23-10.94" transform="translate(10 547.12)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f02-zh_TW.svgpath1323" d="m164.31 46.693c-7.8-12.013-18.46-12.648-18.46-12.648v20.511l12.31 10.939s9.61 3.077 9.61-8.204" transform="translate(10 547.12)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f02-zh_TW.svgpath1324" d="m161.48 33.515h25.41s-15.37 0.279-16 13.387 7.4 17.195 13.02 11.574c5.95-5.952 7.43-24.648 7.43-24.648v31.202" sodipodi:nodetypes="cccscc" transform="translate(10 547.12)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f02-zh_TW.svgpath1325" d="m197.87 73.397v-40.161h13.6c14.16 0 5.22 11.841-0.83 18.686-6.03 6.81-8.8 5.641-8.8-2.231" sodipodi:nodetypes="cccsc" transform="translate(10 547.12)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f02-zh_TW.svgpath1328" d="m219.33 44.95h37.64s-0.31-11.156-17.57-11.435c-17.25-0.279-15.68 17.849-15.68 23.427s5.02 15.897 17.88 15.897 15.37-13.666 15.37-20.08" transform="translate(10 547.12)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

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<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e127"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">用筆工具每次 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">點擊</flowSpan> 會建立一個無任何曲線控制柄的尖銳節點，所以一連串點擊會產生一條直線線段的串連。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">點擊並拖曳</flowSpan> 會建立一個帶有兩個對立於同一直線上的控制點的平滑貝茲曲線節點。當拖住一個控制點時按 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan> 可只旋轉單個控制點並固定另一個。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> 像往常一樣可限制目前線段或貝茲曲線控制點方位的增加量為 15 度。按 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Enter</flowSpan> 以完成並結束此直線，按 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Esc</flowSpan> 可取消它。按 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Backspace</flowSpan> 可只取消未完成直線的最後線段。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e151"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">不論用手繪或貝茲曲線工具，目前選取的路徑於兩側端點會顯示方形的小<flowSpan font-style="italic">錨點</flowSpan>。這些錨點讓你可<flowSpan font-style="italic">繼續</flowSpan>這個路徑 (從其中一個錨點開始繪製) 或<flowSpan font-style="italic">關閉</flowSpan>它 (從其中一個錨點繪製到另一個)，而不是建立一個新的路徑。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<tspan y="761.7496019999999" x="10">編輯路徑</tspan>

</text>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e169"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">用形狀工具建立不同的形狀，筆和鉛筆工具建立的東西稱為<flowSpan font-style="italic">路徑</flowSpan>。路徑是直線線段和(或)貝茲曲線的串連，像任何其他 Inkscape 物件一樣會有任意填色和邊框屬性。但是不同的形狀、路徑可以藉由任意拖動它的節點(不僅預定義的控制點)或直接拖動路徑的線段來編輯。選取這個路徑並切換為節點工具 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F2</flowSpan>)：</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e188"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">你會看到路徑上有許多灰色方形<flowSpan font-style="italic">節點</flowSpan>。這些節點可以藉由<flowSpan font-weight="bold">點擊</flowSpan>來<flowSpan font-style="italic">選取</flowSpan>，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+點擊</flowSpan> 或用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">拖曳</flowSpan>一個選取框 — 就像是用選取工具選擇物件一樣。你也可以點擊路徑線段自動選取相鄰的節點。選取的節點會變明亮並且顯示它們的<flowSpan font-style="italic">節點控制柄</flowSpan> — 一個或兩個小圓形由直線連接各個選取的節點。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">!</flowSpan> 按鍵可反轉目前子路徑上選取的節點 (即含有最後選取的節點的子路徑)；<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+!</flowSpan> 可反轉整個路徑。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e215"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">路徑可藉由<flowSpan font-weight="bold">拖曳</flowSpan>它們的節點、節點控制柄或直接拖動路徑線段進行編輯。(試著拖動上面路徑的一些節點、控制柄和路徑線段。) <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> 的作用與往常一樣可限制移動量和旋轉量。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">方向鍵</flowSpan>、<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Tab</flowSpan>、<flowSpan font-weight="bold">[</flowSpan>、<flowSpan font-weight="bold">]</flowSpan>、<flowSpan font-weight="bold">&lt;</flowSpan>、<flowSpan font-weight="bold">&gt;</flowSpan> 按鍵的全部作用都與在選取器時一樣，但套用到節點而不是物件。你可以藉由點擊兩次或 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+點擊</flowSpan> 想要的位置於路徑上任何地方增加節點。</flowDiv>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e245"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">你可以用 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Del</flowSpan> 或 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+點擊</flowSpan> 刪除節點。當刪除節點時會試著維持路徑的形狀，如果你渴望撤銷相鄰節點的控制柄，那麼可以用 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Del</flowSpan> 刪除。另外，你可以再製 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+D</flowSpan>) 選取的節點。於選取數個節點上的路徑可以被拆開 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+B</flowSpan>)，或者如果你選取路徑上兩個端點節點，你可以合併它們 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+J</flowSpan>)。</flowDiv>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e266"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">節點可以變為<flowSpan font-style="italic">尖角</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+C</flowSpan>)，這表示它的兩個控制柄彼此之間可於任何角度各自移動；<flowSpan font-style="italic">平滑</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+S</flowSpan>) 表示它的控制點總保持在同一直線上 (共線)；而<flowSpan font-style="italic">對稱</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Y</flowSpan>) 同於平滑，但控制柄還具有相同的長度。當你切換節點的類型時，你可以將滑鼠停留在其中一個控制點上面使其維持原來的位置，所以只有另一個控制點會配合旋轉/縮放。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e287"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">同樣地你用 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+點擊</flowSpan> 節點的控制點可以<flowSpan font-style="italic">撤銷</flowSpan>它。如果相鄰的兩個節點已撤銷他們的控制點，節點之間的路徑線段會變成直線。從節點 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+拖曳離開</flowSpan> 可恢復已撤銷的節點。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1188.1569359999999" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">

<tspan y="1188.1569359999999" x="10">子路徑和合併</tspan>

</text>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e305"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">一個路徑物件可能包含多個<flowSpan font-style="italic">子路徑</flowSpan>。子路徑是節點連接另一個節點的串連。(因此，如果路徑有多個子路徑，並不是所有的節點都連接在一起。) 下面左邊的三個路徑屬於單一複合路徑；於右邊相同的三個路徑是獨立的路徑物件：</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<path id="advanced-f04-zh_TW.svgpath1729" d="m226.58 6.7994c-6.51-7.5367-18.17-7.0049-26.39-2.6524-5.7 3.0209-11.53 6.513-15.33 11.723-5.2 7.129-0.62 18.407 8.26 21.306 6.65 1.819 14.24-3.463 8.91-12.672" sodipodi:nodetypes="cssss" transform="translate(10 1241.5)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f04-zh_TW.svgpath1730" d="m206.95 13.832c6.42-6.621 17.63-1.346 20.29 6.427 2.26 6.607 2.77 14.497 9.14 18.923 6.41 4.45 17.12 5.311 21.25-2.256 3.53-6.461-3.16-14.74-10.26-12.459" sodipodi:nodetypes="cssss" transform="translate(10 1241.5)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f04-zh_TW.svgpath1731" d="m190.44 51.444c7.04 4.896 14.77-1.73 19.71-6.763 5.24-5.339 13.27-1.157 16.92 4.369 3.32 5.038 11.7 8.321 15.91 2.324" sodipodi:nodetypes="csss" transform="translate(10 1241.5)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

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<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e321"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">注意那個複合路徑不同於群組。它是單一個物件，只是整個都可選取。如果你選取上面左邊的物件並切換為節點工具，你會看到節點顯示在全部三個子路徑上。在右邊的，你只能一次編輯一個路徑上的節點。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e324"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape 可以<flowSpan font-family="Sans">合併</flowSpan>數個路徑為一個複合路徑 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+K</flowSpan>) 和<flowSpan font-family="Sans">打散</flowSpan>一個複合路徑變為分開的數個路徑 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+K</flowSpan>)。在上面的範例嘗試這些指令。由於一個物件只能有一種填色和邊框，一個新的複合路徑會使用合併前第一個(排列在最下層)物件的樣式。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<rect id="d0e339" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1399.4" x="10"/>

<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e339"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">當你合併有填色的重疊路徑時，通常在路徑重疊地方的填色會消失：</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<path id="advanced-f05-zh_TW.svgpath1796" d="m155.75 61.987l-26.12-11.321-3.86 19.965-7.44-27.481-18.02 9.429 16.85-22.948-18.602-8.208 28.442-1.134-5.18-19.664 18.62 21.533 12.15-16.312-5.23 27.986 20.33-0.678-25.14 13.365 13.2 15.468zm29.81-9.429c-4.76 12.495-21.78 17.62-37.98 11.44-16.21-6.18-25.49-21.338-20.72-33.833 4.76-12.495 21.78-17.62 37.99-11.44 16.2 6.181 25.48 21.337 20.71 33.833z" fill-rule="evenodd" fill-opacity=".75" transform="translate(10 1425.5)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#07ba88"/>

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<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e352"/>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">這個是製作帶有孔洞的物件最簡單的方法。看下面的「布林運算」段落可了解更多強大的路徑指令。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1550.2115569999999" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">

<tspan y="1550.2115569999999" x="10">轉換成路徑</tspan>

</text>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e361"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">任何形狀或文字物件都可<flowSpan font-style="italic">轉換成路徑</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+C</flowSpan>)。這個操作不會改變物件的外觀，但是會移除原本類型的全部特性 (例如你不再能將矩形的邊角圓角化或編輯文字)；取而代之地，你現在可以編輯它的節點。下面有兩個星形 — 左邊的仍是形狀而右邊的是已經轉換成路徑。切換到節點工具並比較選取時它們的編輯特性：</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<path id="advanced-f06-zh_TW.svgpath1412" d="m204.84 59.034l-10.59-19.652-16.32 20.738 8.76-20.532-26.39 0.169 21.52-5.95-16.59-20.528 18.07 13.112 5.71-25.766 1.01 22.3 23.71-11.602-16.81 14.696 23.85 11.298-21.96-3.974 6.03 25.691z" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 1625.6)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#ff0"/>

<rect id="d0e380" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="1698.4" x="10"/>

<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e380"/>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">此外，你可以將任何物件的<flowSpan font-style="italic">邊框</flowSpan>轉換為路徑 (“輪廓”)。下面的第一個物件是原本的路徑 (無填色，黑色邊框)，第二個是使用邊框轉成路徑指令的結果 (黑色填色，無邊框)：</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1818.7237519999999" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">

<tspan y="1818.7237519999999" x="10">布林運算</tspan>

</text>

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<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e405"/>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在路徑選單中的這個指令讓你用<flowSpan font-style="italic">布林運算</flowSpan>合併兩個或多個物件：</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

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<text id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtext1468" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="75.103027" x="72.512367" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1469" y="75.103027" x="72.512367" role="line">相加 (Ctrl++)</tspan></text>

<text id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtext1471" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="75.103027" x="135.35332" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1472" y="75.103027" x="135.35332" role="line">減去 (Ctrl+-)</tspan></text>

<text id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtext1476" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="75.103027" x="202.23427" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1477" y="75.103027" x="202.23427" role="line">交集</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1482" y="81.236844" x="202.23427" role="line">(Ctrl+*)</tspan></text>

<text id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtext1479" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="149.98067" x="73.13726" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1480" y="149.98067" x="73.13726" role="line">排除</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1484" y="156.11448" x="73.13726" role="line">(Ctrl+^)</tspan></text>

<text id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtext2252" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="149.98067" x="136.91679" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1820" y="149.98067" x="136.91679" role="line">除法</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1822" y="156.11448" x="136.91679" role="line">(Ctrl+/)</tspan></text>

<text id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtext1828" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="149.98067" x="199.6328" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1829" y="149.98067" x="199.6328" role="line">剪切</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1831" y="156.11448" x="199.6328" role="line">(Ctrl+Alt+/)</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgtspan1833" y="162.2483" x="199.6328" sodipodi:role="line"/></text>

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<ellipse id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgpath1450" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="15.245" transform="translate(135.22 -2164.2)" stroke="#000" ry="15.687" cy="4055.5" cx="39.55" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#f00"/>

<path id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgpath1459" d="m72.94 90.828v27.372h12.937c-0.026 0.38-0.125 0.74-0.125 1.13 0 8.66 6.835 15.69 15.248 15.69 8.42 0 15.25-7.03 15.25-15.69 0-4.94-2.28-9.31-5.75-12.19v-16.312h-37.56z" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>

<path id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgpath1460" d="m136.71 90.828v27.372h12.94c0.57-8.12 7.09-14.56 15.13-14.56 3.61 0 6.88 1.34 9.5 3.5v-16.312h-37.57z" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>

<path id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgpath1461" d="m228.55 103.64c-8.04 0-14.55 6.44-15.12 14.56h24.62v-11.06c-2.61-2.16-5.89-3.5-9.5-3.5z" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>

<path id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgpath1462" d="m72.924 165.7v27.38h12.937c0.572-8.12 7.085-14.56 15.129-14.56 3.61 0 6.88 1.34 9.5 3.5v-16.32h-37.566zm37.566 16.32v11.06h-24.629c-0.027 0.38-0.125 0.74-0.125 1.12 0 8.66 6.835 15.69 15.254 15.69 8.41 0 15.25-7.03 15.25-15.69 0-4.94-2.28-9.31-5.75-12.18z" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>

<path id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgpath1817" d="m136.73 165.74v27.37h12.94c0.04-0.68 0.05-1.37 0.18-2.03 0.21-1.02 0.49-2.03 0.88-2.97 0.38-0.94 0.86-1.82 1.4-2.65 0.55-0.84 1.19-1.61 1.88-2.32s1.44-1.37 2.25-1.93c0.81-0.57 1.68-1.04 2.59-1.44 0.92-0.4 1.86-0.7 2.85-0.91s2.01-0.31 3.06-0.31 2.1 0.1 3.09 0.31c1 0.21 1.94 0.51 2.85 0.91s1.78 0.87 2.59 1.44c0.35 0.24 0.64 0.57 0.97 0.84v-16.31h-37.53z" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>

<path id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgpath1818" d="m174.26 182.05c-0.33-0.27-0.62-0.6-0.97-0.84-0.81-0.57-1.68-1.04-2.59-1.44s-1.85-0.7-2.85-0.91c-0.99-0.21-2.04-0.31-3.09-0.31s-2.07 0.1-3.06 0.31-1.93 0.51-2.85 0.91c-0.91 0.4-1.78 0.87-2.59 1.44-0.81 0.56-1.56 1.22-2.25 1.93s-1.33 1.48-1.88 2.32c-0.54 0.83-1.02 1.71-1.4 2.65-0.39 0.94-0.67 1.95-0.88 2.97-0.13 0.66-0.14 1.35-0.18 2.03h24.59v-11.06z" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#00f"/>

<path id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgpath1826" d="m214.49 194.75h24.63v-11.09" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<path id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgpath1827" d="m238.05 182.24v-16.31h-37.56v27.4h12.94" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>

<flowRoot id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgflowRoot2628" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 1849.9)" font-size="5.5762px"><flowRegion id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgflowRegion2630"><rect id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgrect2632" y="76.05" width="63.135" x="135.36" height="14.647"/></flowRegion><flowPara id="advanced-f08-zh_TW.svgflowPara2634" font-family="Serif">下層減去上層</flowPara></flowRoot>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e421"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">這些指令的鍵盤快捷鍵是針對布林運算的類比算法 (相加是聯集、減去是差集...等)。<flowSpan font-family="Sans">相減</flowSpan>和<flowSpan font-family="Sans">排除</flowSpan>指令只能套用到兩個已選擇的物件；其他的可以一次處理多個物件。結果都是呈現下層物件的樣式。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<rect id="d0e430" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="2113" x="10"/>

<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e430"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">使用<flowSpan font-family="Sans">排除</flowSpan>指令的結果看起來像是<flowSpan font-family="Sans">合併</flowSpan>(如上)，但它的差別在於<flowSpan font-family="Sans">排除</flowSpan>會在原來的路徑交差點增加額外的節點。<flowSpan font-family="Sans">除法</flowSpan>和<flowSpan font-family="Sans">剪切</flowSpan>之間的不同是前者以最上層物件切去整個下層物件，而後者只切去下層物件的邊框並去掉任何填色 (這個對將無填色的邊框切割成碎片很方便)。</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="2177.5528405" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">

<tspan y="2177.5528405" x="10">內縮和外擴</tspan>

</text>

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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">

<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e454"/>

</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape 不只可用縮放來擴張和收縮形狀，也可藉由<flowSpan font-style="italic">偏移</flowSpan>物件的路徑達成效果，即每個點以垂直於路徑方向移動。對應的指令名稱為<flowSpan font-family="Sans">內縮</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+(</flowSpan>) 和<flowSpan font-family="Sans">外擴</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+)</flowSpan>)。下面陳列的是原始路徑 (紅色) 和一些由原路徑經過內縮或外擴的路徑：</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">簡單的<flowSpan font-family="Sans">內縮</flowSpan>和<flowSpan font-family="Sans">外擴</flowSpan>指令產生這些路徑 (如果原物件不是路徑先將它轉成路徑)。通常<flowSpan font-family="Sans">動態偏移</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+J</flowSpan>) 更方便些，可製作出一個帶有可控制偏移距離的控制柄的物件。選取下面的物件，切換到節點工具並拖動它的控制點來了解這功能：</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">上述的<flowSpan font-style="italic">動態偏移物件</flowSpan>會記住原本路徑，所以當你一遍又一遍的改變偏移距離時它不會受到「損害」。當你不需要再做任何調整時，你可將偏移物件轉換回路徑。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">還有更方便的<flowSpan font-style="italic">連結偏移</flowSpan>，類似於動態變化但是連結到另一個尚待編輯的路徑。一個來源路徑可有多個連結偏移。下面紅色的是來源路徑，它的連結偏移是黑色邊框且無填色，其他的是黑色填色而無邊框。</flowDiv>

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<tspan y="2769.1264645" x="10">簡化</tspan>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-family="Sans">簡化</flowSpan>指令 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+L</flowSpan>) 主要用於減少路徑的節點數目並且<flowSpan font-style="italic">盡可能</flowSpan>保持原來的形狀。這個對用鉛筆工具製作的路徑很有用，因為鉛筆工具有時候會製作不必要的節點。下面左邊的形狀是用手繪工具製作的，而右邊那一個是經過簡化的結果。原始路徑有 28 個節點，而簡化過的只有 17 個 (這表示用節點工具進行編輯會更容易) 且外觀更平滑。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">簡化的程度 (稱為<flowSpan font-style="italic">臨界值</flowSpan>) 決定在選取物件的大小。因此，如果你選取一個路徑和一些較大的物件，那麼路徑簡化的程度會大於只單獨選取路徑時。另外，<flowSpan font-family="Sans">簡化</flowSpan>指令具有加速性。這表示如果你連續快速按 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+L</flowSpan> 數次 (每次間隔小於 0.5 秒)，那麼每次呼叫指令都會增加臨界值。(如果你暫停一下再執行簡化，臨界值會回到預設值。) 靈活運用加速特性，可讓你輕易地依照不同需求套用準確的簡化程度。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">除了平滑手繪的邊框以外，<flowSpan font-family="Sans">簡化</flowSpan>還可用於各種創意效果。通常形狀是死板的，而某些程度簡化幾何形狀的好處是可創作出很棒的生動外觀 — 柔化形狀的邊角而產生非常自然的扭曲，時而流行時尚，時而簡樸有趣。下面有一個美工圖案形狀的例子，經過<flowSpan font-family="Sans">簡化</flowSpan>後使外觀變得很漂亮：</flowDiv>

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<text id="advanced-f13-zh_TW.svgtext2799" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 3030.2)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="4.2366295" x="125.61612" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f13-zh_TW.svgtspan2800" y="4.2366295" x="125.61612" role="line">輕微簡化</tspan></text>

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<tspan y="3189.5329495" x="10">建立文字</tspan>

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<flowRegion>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape 可以製作長篇幅且複雜的文章。不過也可以極為方便地製作少許文字的物件，諸如標題、旗幟、標誌、圖表標籤和說明...等。這小節將介紹基本的 Inkscape 文字功能。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">建立文字物件和切換到文字工具 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F8</flowSpan>) 一樣簡單。點擊文件中某個地方並輸入你要的文字。開啟文字和字型對話窗 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+T</flowSpan>) 可變更字型、樣式、大小和對齊。此對話窗也有文字輸入欄分頁，你可以在那裡編輯文字物件 - 在某些情形下它會比在畫布上編輯還方便 (尤其這個分頁支援拼字檢查功能)。</flowDiv>

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</flowRegion>

<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">像其他工具一樣，文字工具能選取擁有「文字物件」類型的物件，所以你可以點擊來選取以及將游標放置在任何現有的文字物件 (比如本段落)。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">文字排版常見的操作之一就是調整字距和行距。正如往常，Inkscape 提供了這個功能的鍵盤快捷鍵組合。當你正在編輯文字，<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+&lt;</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+&gt;</flowSpan> 可改變文字物件中目前這行的字距，所以會以目前畫面的 1 像素為單位改變總長度 (選取工具中以同樣按鍵做像素大小的縮放)。一般來說，如果文字物件裡的字型大小大於預設的，它會適當地壓縮字母使其比預設的緊密一點。下面有一個範例：</flowDiv>

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<text id="advanced-f14-zh_TW.svgtext1612" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 3389.9)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="53.843742" x="116.16958" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f14-zh_TW.svgtspan1613" y="53.843742" x="116.16958" role="line">減少字母間距</tspan></text>

<text id="advanced-f14-zh_TW.svgtext2315" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 3389.9)" font-size="33.6" y="33.29771" x="60.780251" font-family="Serif" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f14-zh_TW.svgtspan1604">Inspiration</tspan></text>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">作為標題時緊縮變化會看起來較好一點，但仍然不完美：字母間的距離會不一致，例如「a」和「t」離太遠而「t」和「i」又靠太近。這麼糟糕的字母縮排(在字型大時特別明顯)使用品質差的字型會比用品質好的字型還嚴重；儘管如此，在任何文字段落中使用任何字型，你可能會發現字距調整對於字母組合還是有好處的。</flowDiv>

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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e633"/>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape 要作這些調整非常地容易。只要將你的文字編輯游標移到需要調整的字元之間並使用 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+方向鍵</flowSpan> 來移動在游標右邊的字母。下面有一個相同的標題，這次手動調整看起來不一致的字母位置：</flowDiv>

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<text id="advanced-f15-zh_TW.svgtext1649" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 3592.2)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="4.2368875" x="66.563278" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f15-zh_TW.svgtspan1651" y="4.2368875" x="66.563278" role="line">減少字母間距，手動縮排一些字母組合</tspan></text>

<text id="advanced-f15-zh_TW.svgtext2406" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 3592.2)" font-size="33.6" y="34.802681" x="67.866859" font-family="Serif" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f15-zh_TW.svgtspan1647" style="letter-spacing:-1.2479" dx="0 0 -0.1418031 -0.42540932 -0.42540932 0.42540932 0.42540932 -0.87514824 1.1344248 -0.5672124 -0.5672124">Inspiration</tspan></text>

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<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e649"/>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">除了用 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+左方向鍵</flowSpan> 或 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+右方向鍵</flowSpan> 水平移動字母外，你也可以藉由 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+上方向鍵</flowSpan> 或 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+下方向鍵</flowSpan> 垂直移動字母：</flowDiv>

</flowRoot>

<text id="advanced-f16-zh_TW.svgtext1731" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 3683.9)" font-size="33.6" y="32.078743" x="67.866859" font-family="Serif" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f16-zh_TW.svgtspan1732" style="letter-spacing:-1.2479" dx="0 -3.4339702 -1.746122 -1.4281086 -2.0297282 -1.981069 -3.9864676 -3.8832457 -1.2720536 -2.1715312 -1.5699117" dy="0 0.0056477566 6.8183579 -6.6178179 0 -6.4172778 6.0161972 -5.8156576 5.8156576 -3.4091773 2.8075578">Inspiration</tspan></text>

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<flowRegion>

<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e674"/>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">當然你可以將文字轉換成路徑 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+C</flowSpan>) 並當作一般路徑物件來搬動。可是保持為文字屬性會更加方便 — 仍可編輯，你不需要移除字母縮排和間距就可以嘗試不同的字型，而且儲存成檔案的佔用空間也較小。「文字屬性」的唯一缺點是開啟 SVG 文件的系統上必須有安裝原來的字型。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">如同字距，你也可以在多行的文字物件裡調整<flowSpan font-style="italic">行距</flowSpan>。在這個教學裡的某處試用 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+&lt;</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+&gt;</flowSpan> 按鍵來縮小或加寬行距，因此文字物件的整體高度會以畫面的 1 像素進行變化。跟在選取工具裡一樣，按著 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan> 再按增減行距或縮排的快捷鍵會產生原來的 10 倍效果。</flowDiv>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape 的終極強力工具是 XML 編輯器 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+X</flowSpan>)。它會顯示文件的整個 XML 樹狀架構，隨時反映目前的狀態。你可以編輯圖畫並觀察 XML 樹狀架構中對應的變化。此外，你可以用 XML 編輯器編輯任何文字、元件或節點並在畫布上看到效果。這個是互動式學習 SVG 的最佳工具，而且它能夠讓你實現用其他普通編輯工具做不到的把戲。</flowDiv>

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<tspan y="3930.6751095000004" x="10">結論</tspan>

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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">這篇教學僅展示了 Inkscape 所有功能的一小部份。我們希望你會喜歡。不要害怕實驗和分享你的創作。請造訪 <flowSpan font-weight="bold" font-family="Sans">www.inkscape.org</flowSpan> 以獲得更多資訊、最新版本和來自使用者及開發者討論區的幫助。</flowDiv>

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