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<text id="text7519" opacity=".5" line-height="125%" xml:space="preserve" transform="rotate(90)" font-size="6.9693px" y="-326.81229" x="3.6203015" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:linespacing="125%" fill="#000000"><tspan id="tspan7521" sodipodi:role="line" x="3.6203015" style="letter-spacing:.29056" y="-326.81229">Use <tspan id="tspan7523" font-weight="bold">Ctrl+down arrow</tspan> to scroll </tspan></text>
<path id="path7527" opacity=".5" style="color:#000000" d="m338.53 197.82-13.108-1.2709 7.6547-10.717z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(.61496 .045496 .061919 -.45186 112.46 201.6)"/>
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<text id="text1920" font-family="Sans" font-size="7" transform="scale(1.1307)" y="18.25828" x="176.24451" fill="#ffffff">
<tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813" fill="#ffffff" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0">::高级</tspan>
</text>
bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net ; josh andler, scislac@users.sf.net
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">本教程包括:复制/粘贴、节点编辑、手绘和Bezier曲线、路径操作、布尔操作、偏移、简化、以及文本工具。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="7.2" font-style="italic" font-family="Sans" line-height="150%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e18"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+arrows</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">滚轮</flowSpan>, 或者<flowSpan font-weight="bold"> 中键拖动 </flowSpan>将绘图页面向下卷动。绘图对象的创建、选择、变换等基本操作,请参考帮助<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Help &gt; 教程Tutorials</flowSpan>中的基础教程。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="104.02296399999999" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="104.02296399999999" x="10">粘贴操作</tspan>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e39"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">当用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+C</flowSpan>复制对象或<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+X</flowSpan>剪切对象后,通常的<flowSpan font-family="Sans">粘贴Paste</flowSpan>命令(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+V</flowSpan>)将复制的对象粘贴到鼠标光标处,如果光标在绘图窗口外,则粘贴到文档窗口的中心。实际上,剪贴板中的对象仍然记着它的原始位置,你可以用<flowSpan font-family="Sans">原位粘贴Paste in Place</flowSpan>将它粘回原始位置(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+V</flowSpan>)。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e60"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">另一个粘贴命令,<flowSpan font-family="Sans">粘贴样式Paste Style</flowSpan>(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+V</flowSpan>),将复制对象的样式应用到所选对象。样式包括:填充、轮廓、以及字体设置,但不包括形状、大小、以及与该形状相关的参数,如星形的角数等。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e69"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">命令<flowSpan font-family="Sans">粘贴大小Paste Size</flowSpan>,将复制对象的大小应用到所选对象上。该命令包括:粘贴大小、宽度、高度,以及分别粘贴大小、宽度、高度。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e75"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-family="Sans">粘贴大小Paste Size</flowSpan>将全部选择的总大小缩放到剪贴板中对象的总大小。<flowSpan font-family="Sans">粘贴宽度Paste Width</flowSpan>/<flowSpan font-family="Sans">粘贴高度Paste Height</flowSpan>则仅影响水平和竖直方向上的尺寸。这些命令依据复制对象的长宽比是否锁定(选择工具控制栏,W和H的中间),如果复制对象的长宽比锁定,目标对象的另外一个方向上的尺寸将根据该比例自动缩放;否则,另一个方向的尺寸将不改变。带有“分别Separately”的相应命令也是类似的,不同之处在于将每个选择对象都分别缩放以适应复制的对象。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e86" display="none" height="1e3px" width="288" y="302.76" x="10"/>
<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e86"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Clipboard is system-wide - you can copy/paste objects between different Inkscape
instances as well as between Inkscape and other applications (which must be able to
handle SVG on the clipboard to use this).
</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="364.804256" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="364.804256" x="10">手绘和规则路径</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e95"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">创建任意形状的最简单的方法是使用铅笔(手绘)工具(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F6</flowSpan>):</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<path id="advanced-f01-zh_CN.svgpath1350" style="color:#000000" d="m80.979 57.809c2.65 0.332-2.129-10.643 0 0 0.786 3.928-17.812 41.364-8.609 22.957 15.013-30.025 26.378-37.166 20.087 0.574-1.261 7.57 5.876 5.7 9.753 4.592" transform="translate(10 396.07)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
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<path id="advanced-f01-zh_CN.svgpath1372" style="color:#000000" d="m209.6 38.436c4.81 24.041-7.01 48.593-14.35 70.594-4.08 12.25-0.05-14.799 0.58-22.384 3.21-38.534 52.43-71.095 27.55-27.549-2.52 4.399-8.08 5.74-12.63 5.74" transform="translate(10 396.07)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
<path id="advanced-f01-zh_CN.svgpath2338" style="color:#000000" d="m125.36 10.791c0.45 0.68-16.45 58.367-18.22 65-6.23 23.357-13.253 15.48 2.86-12.143 7.99-13.704 20.38-26.489 12.5-2.857-3.64 10.922-12.32-1.972-8.57 9.285 2.13 6.396 3.58 10.662 10.71 9.643" sodipodi:nodetypes="cccccc" transform="translate(10 396.07)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
<path id="advanced-f01-zh_CN.svgpath2356" style="color:#000000" d="m168.93 48.291c-0.93 1.387-3.45-0.619-5 0-15.47 6.188-25.19 28.823-0.72 23.928 2.56-0.512 4.77-2.143 7.15-3.214" transform="translate(10 396.07)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
<path id="advanced-f01-zh_CN.svgpath2382" style="color:#000000" d="m230.71 51.862c-0.02 0.042 8.22-2.601 14.65-5.357 13.01-5.578 12.87-20.01-2.15-11.429-10.41 5.949-18.7 23.929-1.07 23.929 9.37 0 21.66-3.891 28.93-10.357" transform="translate(10 396.07)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e111"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">对于更规则一些的形状,可以用钢笔(Bezier)工具(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+F6</flowSpan>):</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<path id="advanced-f02-zh_CN.svgpath1322" d="m138.02 45.326s6.16-15.126 0-11.965c-6.16 3.16-21.15 17.264-19.42 17.264s19.86-1.855 18.65 0c-1.2 1.854-5.77 15.212-11.53 14.187-5.77-1.026-9.23-10.94-9.23-10.94" transform="translate(10 545.73)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
<path id="advanced-f02-zh_CN.svgpath1323" d="m164.31 46.693c-7.8-12.013-18.46-12.648-18.46-12.648v20.511l12.31 10.939s9.61 3.077 9.61-8.204" transform="translate(10 545.73)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
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<path id="advanced-f02-zh_CN.svgpath1325" d="m197.87 73.397v-40.161h13.6c14.16 0 5.22 11.841-0.83 18.686-6.03 6.81-8.8 5.641-8.8-2.231" sodipodi:nodetypes="cccsc" transform="translate(10 545.73)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
<path id="advanced-f02-zh_CN.svgpath1328" d="m219.33 44.95h37.64s-0.31-11.156-17.57-11.435c-17.25-0.279-15.68 17.849-15.68 23.427s5.02 15.897 17.88 15.897 15.37-13.666 15.37-20.08" transform="translate(10 545.73)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e127"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在钢笔工具中,每次<flowSpan font-weight="bold">单击</flowSpan>创建一个没有曲线控制柄的尖锐点,所以,一系列的单击产生一串线段,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">点击然后拖动</flowSpan>产生一个光滑的Bezier节点,两边各有一个共线的控制柄。拖动一个控制柄时,按住<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan>可以保持另一个不动。同样,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>限制当前线段或Bezier控制柄的方向为15度的整数倍。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Enter</flowSpan>结束绘制,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Esc</flowSpan>取消。如果只取消上一段,使用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Backspace</flowSpan>。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e151"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在手绘和bezier工具模式下,选中路径的两端都会显示一个方形的<flowSpan font-style="italic">锚点anchors</flowSpan>,在这些锚点上可以继续绘图,从而延长路径,或使其<flowSpan font-style="italic">封闭</flowSpan>(从一个锚点画到另一个锚点),而不产生新的路径。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="749.4131884999999" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="749.4131884999999" x="10">编辑路径</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e166"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">形状工具创建的是形状,而钢笔和铅笔工具创建的是<flowSpan font-style="italic">路径</flowSpan>。路径由直线和Bezier曲线构成,像其他对象一样,路径也可以设置任意类型的填充和轮廓属性。但与形状不同的是,修改路径时可以随意调整节点和(直线或曲线)段,而不是预先设置好的控制柄。切换到节点工具(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F2</flowSpan>),然后选择下面的路径:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">你会看到路径上有一些灰色的方形<flowSpan font-style="italic">节点</flowSpan>。通过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">点击</flowSpan>、<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+点击</flowSpan>、或<flowSpan font-weight="bold">拖出</flowSpan>弹性选框,来选择这些节点,与选择器工具拾取对象完全相同。也可以单击路径中的一段来选择相邻的节点。选中的节点将高亮显示,并出现<flowSpan font-style="italic">节点控制柄</flowSpan>:一个或两个与该节点相连的小圆圈。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">!</flowSpan>键在当前子路径范围内反选节点(子路径上至少选中一个节点);<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+!</flowSpan>在整个路径范围内反选节点。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e209"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">路径的编辑通过拖动节点、节点控制柄、或路径段来进行。请在上面的路径上练习一下。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>仍然有限制移动和旋转的作用。<flowSpan font-weight="bold">光标arrow</flowSpan> 键, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Tab</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">[</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">]</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">&lt;</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">&gt;</flowSpan>的作用与选择工具中一样,但作用于节点,而不是整个绘图对象。在路径上的任意位置双击或<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+Click</flowSpan>可以添加节点。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e236"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选中节点后按<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Del</flowSpan> ,或者<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+单击</flowSpan>一个节点,可以将其删去。删除节点时,将尽可能保持路径的形状,如果要保持相邻的节点不变(形状将发生变化),用<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Del</flowSpan>删除。另外,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+D</flowSpan>可以再制选中的节点,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+B</flowSpan>可以将路径在选中的节点处打开,如果选中的是路径的两个终点,则可以将其结合在一起。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e254"/>
</flowRegion>
<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+C</flowSpan>可以使节点<flowSpan font-style="italic">尖锐Cusp</flowSpan> ,它的两个控制柄独立,可以各自调整角度;<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+S</flowSpan>可以使节点<flowSpan font-style="italic">平滑smooth</flowSpan> ,两个控制柄共线;<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Y</flowSpan>可以让节点<flowSpan font-style="italic">对称symmetric</flowSpan> ,两个控制柄共线并且等长。改变节点的类型时,将鼠标悬停在一个控制柄上,可以保持该控制柄不变,仅另一个控制柄相应地改变。</flowDiv>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e274"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+click</flowSpan>控制柄,可以将节点的控制柄收回(到节点上),如果相邻两个节点的控制柄都被收回,它们中间将变为直线。在节点上<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+drag</flowSpan>可以将控制柄重新拉出。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1147.6433795" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1147.6433795" x="10">子路径和结合</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">一个路径可以包含数个<flowSpan font-style="italic">子路径subpath</flowSpan>。每个子路径中的节点互相连接,子路径与子路径之间则是断开的。左下图,三个子路径组合为一个路径,右下图中则互相独立,各自为一个路径:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<path id="advanced-f04-zh_CN.svgpath1730" d="m206.95 13.832c6.42-6.621 17.63-1.346 20.29 6.427 2.26 6.607 2.77 14.497 9.14 18.923 6.41 4.45 17.12 5.311 21.25-2.256 3.53-6.461-3.16-14.74-10.26-12.459" sodipodi:nodetypes="cssss" transform="translate(10 1199.9)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="none"/>
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<flowRegion>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">要注意的是,复合路径并不等同于群组,它是一个单独的对象。如果你选中左上的对象,然后切换到节点工具,将会看到,三个子路径上的节点都显现出来,而在右侧,每次只能选中一个路径进行节点编辑。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e308"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过对几个路径进行<flowSpan font-family="Sans">结合Combine</flowSpan>可以形成一个复合路径(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+K</flowSpan>),也可以将一个复合路径分解为几个独立的路径 (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+K</flowSpan>)。在上图中练习一下。由于一个对象只能有一种填充和轮廓样式,结合后的复合路径将继承第一个对象(处于叠放次序的底层)的属性。</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRoot font-size="8" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e320"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在合并有填充的路径时,如果路径之间有重叠区域,合并后,重叠部分的填充将消失:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<flowRegion>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这是创建内部有孔的形状的最简单的方法。路径工具的高级操作请参考下面的“布尔操作”。</flowDiv>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1519.4370605000001" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1519.4370605000001" x="10">转换为路径</tspan>
</text>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e342"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">任何的形状和文本都可以<flowSpan font-style="italic">转为路径</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+C</flowSpan>)。转换不改变对象的外观,但对象原本所具有的特殊编辑方式(例如矩形倒圆,改变文本内容等)都将不复存在,而变为用节点工具进行编辑。这里有两个星形,左边的一个是形状,右边的已经转为路径,切换到节点工具模式,选择这两个对象,看看他们的区别:</flowDiv>
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<path id="advanced-f06-zh_CN.svgpath1412" d="m204.84 59.034l-10.59-19.652-16.32 20.738 8.76-20.532-26.39 0.169 21.52-5.95-16.59-20.528 18.07 13.112 5.71-25.766 1.01 22.3 23.71-11.602-16.81 14.696 23.85 11.298-21.96-3.974 6.03 25.691z" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(10 1582.7)" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#ff0"/>
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<flowRegion>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">而且,任何对象的<flowSpan font-style="italic">轮廓stroke</flowSpan>都可以转换为路径(“outline”)。下图中第一个是原始路径(无填充,黑色轮廓),第二个是执行轮廓转为路径Stroke to Path后(黑色填充,无轮廓):</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<text style="writing-mode:lr" font-weight="bold" font-size="8" y="1774.9189365" x="10" font-family="Sans" fill="#000000">
<tspan y="1774.9189365" x="10">布尔操作</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">路径Path菜单中命令可以将多个路径以<flowSpan font-style="italic">布尔操作boolean operations</flowSpan>的方式结合到一起:</flowDiv>
</flowRoot>
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<text id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtext1468" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1816.7)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="75.103027" x="72.512367" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1469" y="75.103027" x="72.512367" role="line">合并Union (Ctrl++)</tspan></text>
<text id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtext1471" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1816.7)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="75.103027" x="135.35332" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1472" y="75.103027" x="135.35332" role="line">相减Difference (Ctrl+-)</tspan></text>
<text id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtext1476" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1816.7)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="75.103027" x="202.23427" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1477" y="75.103027" x="202.23427" role="line">交集Intersection</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1482" y="81.236844" x="202.23427" role="line">(Ctrl+*)</tspan></text>
<text id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtext1479" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1816.7)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="149.98067" x="73.13726" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1480" y="149.98067" x="73.13726" role="line">排除Exclusion</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1484" y="156.11448" x="73.13726" role="line">(Ctrl+^)</tspan></text>
<text id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtext2252" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1816.7)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="149.98067" x="136.91679" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1820" y="149.98067" x="136.91679" role="line">分割Division</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1822" y="156.11448" x="136.91679" role="line">(Ctrl+/)</tspan></text>
<text id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtext1828" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 1816.7)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="149.98067" x="199.6328" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1829" y="149.98067" x="199.6328" role="line">剪切路径Cut Path</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1831" y="156.11448" x="199.6328" role="line">(Ctrl+Alt+/)</tspan><tspan id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgtspan1833" y="162.2483" x="199.6328" sodipodi:role="line"/></text>
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<ellipse id="advanced-f08-zh_CN.svgpath1450" fill-opacity=".75" fill-rule="evenodd" rx="15.245" transform="translate(135.22 -2197.4)" stroke="#000" ry="15.687" cy="4055.5" cx="39.55" stroke-width="1pt" fill="#f00"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">布尔操作对应的快捷键也与相应的运算相适应(合并union对应加号,相减difference对应减号,等)。命令<flowSpan font-family="Sans">相减Difference</flowSpan>和 <flowSpan font-family="Sans">排除Exclusion</flowSpan> 只针对两个路径,其它操作可以应用于任意数量的对象。操作后的对象总是保留参与操作的底层对象的样式。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-family="Sans">排除Exclusion</flowSpan> 与<flowSpan font-family="Sans">结合Combine</flowSpan> 操作有些类似,只不过,<flowSpan font-family="Sans">排除Exclusion</flowSpan> 在原始对象相交的地方添加节点。<flowSpan font-family="Sans">分割Division</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan font-family="Sans">剪切路径Cut Path</flowSpan>命令的区别在于前者用顶层路径将底层路径完全剪切,而后者只剪切轮廓,填充则完全完全删除(适用于将不用填充的轮廓分为数段)。</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2155.4329865000004" x="10">嵌入与扩展</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inscape不仅可以通过缩放,也可以通过<flowSpan font-style="italic">偏移offsetting</flowSpan>来扩展和收缩形状,即将路径上的点沿法线方向移动。相应的命令为:<flowSpan font-family="Sans">嵌入Inset</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+(</flowSpan>) 和 <flowSpan font-family="Sans">扩展Outset</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+)</flowSpan>)。下图中给出了原始路径(红色)以及通过嵌入和扩展产生的新路径:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">正常情况下,<flowSpan font-family="Sans">嵌入Inset</flowSpan> 和<flowSpan font-family="Sans">扩展Outset</flowSpan>命令生成的对象是路径(如果原始对象不是路径,将先转为路径)。通常,更方便的命令是<flowSpan font-family="Sans">动态偏移Dynamic Offset</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+J</flowSpan>),通过一个拖动控制柄(同形状的控制柄类似)来控制偏移量。选中下面的对象,切换到节点工具,拖动控制柄到一个合适的位置:</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这种<flowSpan font-style="italic">动态偏移对象dynamic offset object</flowSpan>会记录原始位置,多次调整偏移时不会产生退化(degrade)。如果不需要再调整,可以将偏移对象转为路径。</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2770.2371125000004" x="10">简化</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-family="Sans">简化Simplify</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+L</flowSpan>)命令在<flowSpan font-style="italic">尽量保持形状</flowSpan>的情况下减少路径上的节点。铅笔工具创建的对象,节点数目往往过多,需要这个工具来简化。下图中,左侧的形状是通过手绘工具创建的,右侧是简化后的。原始对象有28个节点,简化后只有17个(节点工具编辑时更容易一些),而且更平滑。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">简化的程度(称为<flowSpan font-style="italic">阈值threshold</flowSpan>)取决于选区的大小。所以,如果选择路径的同时也选择了较大对象,简化的程度将更大。并且,<flowSpan font-family="Sans">简化</flowSpan>的速度将<flowSpan font-style="italic">加快</flowSpan>。也就是所,如果连着按几次<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+L</flowSpan>(间隔不超过0.5秒),每次简化的阈值将递增。(如果等一会再执行,阈值又会还原原始大小。)通过这种方法可以比较精确地控制简化的程度。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">除了平滑手绘对象,<flowSpan font-family="Sans">简化</flowSpan>命令还可以产生许多创造性的效果。显得尖锐和呆板的对象经过简化经常后产生更柔和的效果:锐角变得平滑,引入更自然的变形效果,显得更生动,更有风格。下面是一个剪贴画对象经过<flowSpan font-family="Sans">简化</flowSpan>后的效果:</flowDiv>
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<text id="advanced-f13-zh_CN.svgtext2799" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 3008)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="4.2366295" x="125.61612" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f13-zh_CN.svgtspan2800" y="4.2366295" x="125.61612" role="line">轻微简化</tspan></text>
<text id="advanced-f13-zh_CN.svgtext2802" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 3008)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="4.2366295" x="213.13528" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f13-zh_CN.svgtspan2803" y="4.2366295" x="213.13528" role="line">严重简化</tspan></text>
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<tspan y="3167.1746345000006" x="10">创建文本</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape可以创建复杂的文本。也可以很方便地绘制简短的文字对象,例如标题,标识,标语,流程图等中的文字。本节介绍Inkscape中文本工具的基本功能。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">切换到文本工具(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F8</flowSpan>),在页面上的任意位置点击,然后输入文字。打开文本和字体对话框Text and Font dialog(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+T</flowSpan>),可以修改文字的字体,样式,大小和对齐方式。这个对话框里也有一个文字输入框,可以修改选中的文本的内容。在这个对话框里输入文本可能比在画布上更方便(而且支持拼写检查)。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">像其它工具一样,文本工具模式下可以选择其自身类型的对象——文本对象——点击选择,将输入光标放到文本中的任意位置(比如这个段落)。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">文本编辑中常用的一个操作是调整文字间距和行间距,Inkscape中同样有对应的键盘操作方式。当编辑文本时,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+&lt;</flowSpan> 和<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+&gt;</flowSpan>改变当前行的<flowSpan font-style="italic">字间距letter spacing</flowSpan>,该行的长度在当前缩放级别上每次改变一个像素(选择工具中,同样用这些键实现像素级别的缩放)。通常,如果字体比默认的大,字间距紧凑一些看起来更协调。例如:</flowDiv>
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<text id="advanced-f14-zh_CN.svgtext1609" sodipodi:linespacing="110.00000%" transform="translate(10 3362.5)" line-height="110.00000%" xml:space="preserve" font-size="5.5762" y="4.2361641" x="139.43481" font-family="Serif" sodipodi:insensitive="true" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f14-zh_CN.svgtspan1610" y="4.2361641" x="139.43481" role="line">原始的</tspan></text>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">紧凑一些的作为标题看起来更好一些,但仍然不是很完美:字间距并不一致,例如,“a&quot;和&quot;t&quot;的间隔比&quot;t&quot;和&quot;i&quot;的间距大。在一些质量比较差的字体中,(尤其是字体比较大的情况下)这种不均衡的紧排更明显;但是,不管任何字体,总会存在这种文本组合,需要手工调整松紧。</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在Inkscape中调整起来是很方便的,将光标放到需要调整的两个字符的中间,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+arrows</flowSpan>键移动光标右侧的文字。与上面相同的文字,手动调整字符间距后:</flowDiv>
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<flowRegion>
<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e635"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">除了<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+Left</flowSpan> 和<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+Right</flowSpan>将文字左右移动,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+Up</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+Down</flowSpan>也可以将文字上下移动:</flowDiv>
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<text id="advanced-f16-zh_CN.svgtext1731" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 3654.2)" font-size="33.6" y="32.078743" x="67.866859" font-family="Serif" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f16-zh_CN.svgtspan1732" style="letter-spacing:-1.2479" dx="0 -3.4339702 -1.746122 -1.4281086 -2.0297282 -1.981069 -3.9864676 -3.8832457 -1.2720536 -2.1715312 -1.5699117" dy="0 0.0056477566 6.8183579 -6.6178179 0 -6.4172778 6.0161972 -5.8156576 5.8156576 -3.4091773 2.8075578">Inspiration</tspan></text>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">当然也可以将文字转为路径(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+C</flowSpan>),并将字符像路径一样移动。但是,让其保持为文字无疑是更好的选择,不仅可以编辑,改变字体时也不会丢失间距,文件的体积也更小。保留为文本的唯一缺点是,当你将该SVG文件拿到别的计算机上打开时,这个机子上必须安装有相应的字体。</flowDiv>
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<use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e666"/>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">与字间距类似,在多行文本中也可以调整<flowSpan font-style="italic">行间距line spacing</flowSpan>。在本教程的任意段落中,<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+&lt;</flowSpan> 和<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+&gt;</flowSpan>来增大和缩小行间距,每次调整,整个文本的高度在当前缩放级别上改变一个像素。与选择工具类似,配合<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan>键,行间距和字间距的调整量扩大十倍。</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="3817.6295135000005" x="10">XML编辑器</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape中的终极工具是XML编辑器(<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+X</flowSpan>),可以实时显示整个文档的XML树形图。修改绘图时,你可以注意一下XML树形图中的变化。也可以在XML编辑器中修改文本、元素或者节点属性,然后在画图上查看效果。这是一个非常形象化的学习SVG格式的交互式工具。并且可以实现一些通常的编辑工具无法完成的功能。</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="3898.6657715000006" x="10">小结</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这个教程只展示了Inkscape功能的一小部分,我们希望你能喜欢。欢迎探索它的功能,展示你的灵感。更多信息,最新版本,以及寻求用户社区的帮助,请登录<flowSpan font-weight="bold" font-family="Sans">www.inkscape.org</flowSpan>。</flowDiv>
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