1N/A# <pre>

1N/A# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of

1N/A# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.

1N/A

1N/A# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,

1N/A# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to

1N/A# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).

1N/A

1N/A# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):

1N/A#

1N/A# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is

1N/A# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),

1N/A# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).

1N/A#

1N/A# Gwillim Law writes that a good source

1N/A# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport

1N/A# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),

1N/A# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries

1N/A# of the IATA's data after 1990.

1N/A#

1N/A# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for

1N/A# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.

1N/A#

1N/A# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,

1N/A# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which

1N/A# I found in the UCLA library.

1N/A#

1N/A# For data circa 1899, a common source is:

1N/A# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94

1N/A# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.

1N/A#

1N/A# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is

1N/A# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

1N/A#

1N/A# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT

1N/A# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,

# but Mark R V Murray reports that

# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,

# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and

# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for

# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.

# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.

#

# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;

# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,

# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.

# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African

# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.

#

# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:

# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)

# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time

# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time

# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time

# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:

# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time

# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00

# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of

# until we get more information.

#

# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!

# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time

# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)

# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)

# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)

# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)

# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time

# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)

# Algeria

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -

Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -

Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -

Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -

Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -

# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's

# more precise 0:09:21.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01

0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time

0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00

1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7

0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29

1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14

0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21

1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26

0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May

1:00 - CET

# Angola

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892

0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time

1:00 - WAT

# Benin

# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;

# go with Shanks & Pottenger.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26

1:00 - WAT

# Botswana

# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):

# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;

# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885

1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar

2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00

2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00

2:00 - CAT

# Burkina Faso

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT

# Burundi

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890

2:00 - CAT

# Cameroon

# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT

# Cape Verde

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia

-2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep

-2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15

-2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00

-1:00 - CVT

# Central African Republic

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT

# Chad

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14

1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8

1:00 - WAT

# Comoros

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro

3:00 - EAT

# Democratic Republic of Congo

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9

1:00 - WAT

Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9

2:00 - CAT

# Republic of the Congo

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT

# Cote D'Ivoire

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT

# Djibouti

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul

3:00 - EAT

###############################################################################

# Egypt

# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh

# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for

# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this

# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S

# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.

# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):

# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight

# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of

# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."

#

# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time

# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168">

# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168

# </a>

# or

# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html">

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html

# </a>

Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -

# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):

# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:

# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday

# after observing the daylight saving time since May.

# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf

Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -

# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):

# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight

# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]

# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm

# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:

# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm

Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -

# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):

# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter

# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each

# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite

# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by

# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,

# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.

# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):

# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.

# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):

# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):

#

# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009

# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =

# Apr 23

# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200

# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =

# Apr 24

# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800

# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =

# Aug 27

# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800

# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =

# Aug 27

# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200

#

# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=

# :59)

# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/

#

# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.

#

# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">

# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263

# </a>

# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53

# </a>

# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">

# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/

# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):

# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth

# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday

# in September.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):

# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet

# Information and Decision Support Center:

# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html

# </a>

#

# The Middle East News Agency

# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">

# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx

# </a>

# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"

# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."

# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,

# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine

# (at least today).

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):

# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has

# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during

# Ramadan.

#

# Arabic translation:

# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"

# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again">

# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again

# </a>

# or

# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html">

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html

# </a>

Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -

Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 -

Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct

2:00 Egypt EE%sT

# Equatorial Guinea

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15

1:00 - WAT

# Eritrea

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870

2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time

2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT

3:00 - EAT

# Ethiopia

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):

# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones

# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.

# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870

2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT

3:00 - EAT

# Gabon

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT

# Gambia

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912

-1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time

-1:00 - WAT 1964

0:00 - GMT

# Ghana

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';

# go with Shanks & Pottenger.

Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST

Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918

0:00 Ghana %s

# Guinea

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26

-1:00 - WAT 1960

0:00 - GMT

# Guinea-Bissau

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26

-1:00 - WAT 1975

0:00 - GMT

# Kenya

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul

3:00 - EAT 1930

2:30 - BEAT 1940

2:45 - BEAUT 1960

3:00 - EAT

# Lesotho

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00

2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00

2:00 - SAST

# Liberia

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):

# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch

# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.

# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.

# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;

# go with Shanks & Pottenger.

# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and

# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882

-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time

-0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time

0:00 - GMT

###############################################################################

# Libya

# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):

# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.

# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/

# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc

#

# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in

# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html

#

# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):

# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.

# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe

# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on

# lastFri instead of lastSun).

# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):

# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was

# cancelled yesterday....

# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/

#

# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):

# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920

1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959

2:00 - EET 1982

1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4

# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;

# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.

2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30

1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4

2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00

1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00

2:00 - EET

# Madagascar

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul

3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s

3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s

3:00 - EAT

# Malawi

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - CAT

# Mali

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26

-1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20

0:00 - GMT

# Mauritania

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26

-1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28

0:00 - GMT

# Mauritius

# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):

# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial

# basis....

# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to

# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):

# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD

# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):

# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A

# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving

# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.

# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):

# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):

# According to

# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">

# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216

# </a>

# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier

# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start

# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time

# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).

#

# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date

# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,

# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in

# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder

# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which

# changes two days later.

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):

# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving

# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally

# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...

#

# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction

# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26

# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.

# ...

# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html

# </a>

# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):

# The Government of Mauritius weblink

# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">

# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD

# </a>

# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:

#

# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly

# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in

# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of

# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United

# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the

# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on

# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the

# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008

# and end on 29 March 2009.

# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):

# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the

# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the

# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.

# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">

# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf

# </a>

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):

# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe

# DST the coming summer...

#

# Some sources, in French:

# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">

# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB

# </a>

# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">

# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-

# </a>

#

# Our wrap-up:

# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html

# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):

# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:

# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour

# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -

Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis

4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time

# Agalega Is, Rodriguez

# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius

# Mayotte

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou

3:00 - EAT

# Morocco

# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):

# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between

# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.

#

# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will

# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to

# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."

#

# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">

# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html

# </a>

# OR

# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">

# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html

# </a>

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):

# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:

# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">

# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view

# </a>

#

# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.

# spokesman.

# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):

# According to this article:

# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">

# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html

# </a>

# (and republished here:

# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">

# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html

# </a>

# )

# the changes occurs at midnight:

#

# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be

# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)

# sunday night the 28th at midnight

#

# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say

# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and

# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive

# june1st to sept 27th.

#

# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree

# published on the web.

#

# It's also confirmed here:

# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">

# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm

# </a>

# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet

# posted in english).

#

# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:

# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">

# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search

# </a>

# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):

# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31

# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end

# of September:

#

# One article about it (in French):

# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">

# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default

# </a>

#

# We have some further details posted here:

# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html

# </a>

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):

# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according

# to many sources, such as

# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">

# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html

# </a>

# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">

# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312

# </a>

# (French)

#

# Our summary:

# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html

# </a>

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):

# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,

# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics

#

# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)

# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of

# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be

# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.

#

# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">

# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf

# </a>

#

# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html

# </a>

# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):

# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization

# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from

# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.

#

# Example:

# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html">

# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html

# </a>

# (French)

# Our page:

# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html

# </a>

# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):

# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)

# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00

# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00

# ...Official links of change in morocco

# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio

# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at

# +212.537.71.84.00

# <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/">

# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/

# </a>

# They said that

# <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view">

# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view

# </a>

# is the official publication to look at.

# They said that the decision was already taken.

#

# More articles in the press

# <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev">

# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev

# </a>

# e.html

# <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923">

# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923

# </a>

# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim">

# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim

# anche-prochain-5538.html

# </a>

# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):

# They have it written in English here:

# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view">

# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view

# </a>

#

# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,

# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of

# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has

# also been like that in the past.

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):

# According to Infom&eacute;diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),

# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l&eacute;gale:

# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'&eacute;t&eacute;

# <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9">

# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9

# </a>

# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on

# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on

# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)

# except the month of Ramadan.

# or (brief)

# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html">

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html

# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):

# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in

# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;

# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.

# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about

# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.

# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):

# Seen Morocco change again:

# <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php">

# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php

# </a>

# "...&agrave; partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,

# comme annonc&eacute; pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment."

# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):

# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:

# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288">

# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]

# </a>

#

# Google translation, lightly edited:

# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)

# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,

# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the

# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry

# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return

# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until

# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from

# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes

# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.

# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):

# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be

# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government

# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be

# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see

# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.

# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):

# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings

# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:

# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10

# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):

# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day

# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for

# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00

# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official

# source (French):

# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013

# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):

# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html

# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-03):

# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,

# transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running

# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:

#

# (let ((islamic-year 1435))

# (while (< islamic-year 1461)

# (let ((a

# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute

# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))

# (b

# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute

# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))

# (insert

# (format

# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"

# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")

# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))

# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))

# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))

#

# with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the

# normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with

# all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan

# falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back

# transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back

# date falls during the estimated Ramadan. Normally, the table would

# stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038,

# but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038

# due to the year-2037 glitches. So, this table instead stops after

# 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover.

# An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess

# TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future.

# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -

Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2013 2035 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 7 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 7 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 27 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 16 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 24 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 13 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 3 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 10 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2025 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 21 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 11 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 30 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 2038 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26

0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16

1:00 - CET 1986

0:00 Morocco WE%sT

# Western Sahara

#

# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):

# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters

# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as

# Morocco does.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):

# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,

# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.

Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan

-1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14

0:00 Morocco WE%sT

# Mozambique

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - CAT

# Namibia

# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.

# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.

# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in

# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:

# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other

# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there

# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of

# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of

# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest

# of the country.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):

# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but

# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.

# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8

1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time

2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00

2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00

2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence

2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3

1:00 Namibia WA%sT

# Niger

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912

-1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26

0:00 - GMT 1960

1:00 - WAT

# Nigeria

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep

1:00 - WAT

# Reunion

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis

4:00 - RET # Reunion Time

#

# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.

# The following information about them is taken from

# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;

# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).

# We have no info about their time zone histories.

#

# Bassas da India - uninhabited

# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families

# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958

# Juan de Nova - uninhabited

# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958

# Rwanda

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun

2:00 - CAT

# St Helena

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown

-0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time

0:00 - GMT

# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:

# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA

# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA

# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):

# on GMT, says the CIA

# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT

# Sao Tome and Principe

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884

-0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time

0:00 - GMT

# Senegal

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912

-1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun

0:00 - GMT

# Seychelles

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria

4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):

# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the

# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory

# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know

# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.

# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.

# Sierra Leone

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.

Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST

Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT

Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST

Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882

-0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time

-1:00 SL %s 1957

0:00 SL %s

# Somalia

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov

3:00 - EAT 1931

2:30 - BEAT 1957

3:00 - EAT

# South Africa

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -

Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8

1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar

2:00 SA SAST

# Marion and Prince Edward Is

# scientific station since 1947

# no information

# Sudan

#

# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">

# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)

# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:

# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon

# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for

# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.

#

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -

Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931

2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00

3:00 - EAT

# South Sudan

Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba

# Swaziland

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - SAST

# Tanzania

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931

3:00 - EAT 1948

2:45 - BEAUT 1961

3:00 - EAT

# Togo

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893

0:00 - GMT

# Tunisia

# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):

# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,

# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News

# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP

# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by

# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be

# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next

# Saturday." (My translation)

#

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):

# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...

# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>

# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,

# 1h standard time.

#

# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):

# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:

# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00

# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...

# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):

# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.

# (Arabic)

# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">

# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546

# </a>

# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">

# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp

# </a>

#

# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.

# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:

# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html

# </a>

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):

# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency

#

# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):

#

# (in English)

# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">

# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157

# </a>

#

# (in Arabic)

# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">

# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1

# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):

# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact

# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.

# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."

# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):

# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010

#

# (translation):

# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on

# Sunday...

# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also

# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."

#

# (in Arabic)

# <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1">

# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1

# <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036">

# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036

# or

# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html">

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -

Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -

# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's

# more precise 0:09:21.

# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12

0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time

1:00 Tunisia CE%sT

# Uganda

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul

3:00 - EAT 1930

2:30 - BEAT 1948

2:45 - BEAUT 1957

3:00 - EAT

# Zambia

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - CAT

# Zimbabwe

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - CAT