#ident "%Z%%M% %I% %E% SMI"

# @(#)africa 7.36

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,

# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to

# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):

#

# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is

# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),

# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).

#

# Gwillim Law writes that a good source

# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport

# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),

# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries

# of the IATA's data after 1990.

#

# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,

# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.

#

# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,

# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which

# I found in the UCLA library.

#

# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is

# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

#

# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT

# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,

# but Mark R V Murray <markm@grondar.za> reports that

# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,

# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and

# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for

# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.

# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.

#

# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;

# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,

# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.

# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African

# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.

#

# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:

# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)

# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time

# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time

# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time

# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:

# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time

# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00

# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of

# until we get more information.

#

# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!

# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time

# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)

# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)

# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)

# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)

# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time

# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)

# Algeria

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun<=7 23:00s 0 -

Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -

Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -

Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -

Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -

Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -

# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01

0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time

0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00

1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7

0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29

1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14

0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21

1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26

0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May

1:00 - CET

# Angola

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892

0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time

1:00 - WAT

# Benin

# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26

1:00 - WAT

# Botswana

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885

2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00

2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00

2:00 - CAT

# Burkina Faso

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT

# Burundi

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890

2:00 - CAT

# Cameroon

# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT

# Cape Verde

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia

-2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep

-2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15

-2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00

-1:00 - CVT

# Central African Republic

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT

# Chad

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14

1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8

1:00 - WAT

# Comoros

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro

3:00 - EAT

# Democratic Republic of Congo

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9

1:00 - WAT

Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9

2:00 - CAT

# Republic of the Congo

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT

# Cote D'Ivoire

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT

# Djibouti

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul

3:00 - EAT

###############################################################################

# Egypt

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -

Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S

# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.

# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.

Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct

2:00 Egypt EE%sT

# Equatorial Guinea

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15

1:00 - WAT

# Eritrea

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Asmera 2:35:32 - LMT 1870

2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time

2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT

3:00 - EAT

# Ethiopia

# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):

# Shanks writes that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones between

# 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.

# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870

2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT

3:00 - EAT

# Gabon

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912

1:00 - WAT

# Gambia

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912

-1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time

-1:00 - WAT 1964

0:00 - GMT

# Ghana

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.

Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST

Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918

0:00 Ghana %s

# Guinea

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26

-1:00 - WAT 1960

0:00 - GMT

# Guinea-Bissau

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26

-1:00 - WAT 1975

0:00 - GMT

# Kenya

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul

3:00 - EAT 1930

2:30 - BEAT 1940

2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960

3:00 - EAT

# Lesotho

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00

2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00

2:00 - SAST

# Liberia

# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (2001-07-17):

# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch

# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.

# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.

# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.

# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman

# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882

-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time

-0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time

0:00 - GMT

###############################################################################

# Libya

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -

Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920

1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959

2:00 - EET 1982

1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4

# The following entries are all from Shanks;

# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.

2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30

1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4

1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4

2:00 - EET

# Madagascar

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul

3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s

3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s

3:00 - EAT

# Malawi

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - CAT

# Mali

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26

-1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20

0:00 - GMT

# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit

Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT

# Mauritania

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912

0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26

-1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28

0:00 - GMT

# Mauritius

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis

4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time

# Agalega Is, Rodriguez

# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius

# Mayotte

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou

3:00 - EAT

# Morocco

# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).

# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -

Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26

0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16

1:00 - CET 1986

0:00 - WET

# Western Sahara

Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan

-1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14

0:00 - WET

# Mozambique

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - CAT

# Namibia

# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.

# Shanks reports no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.

# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8

1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time

2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00

2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00

2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence

2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3

1:00 Namibia WA%sT

# Niger

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912

-1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26

0:00 - GMT 1960

1:00 - WAT

# Nigeria

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep

1:00 - WAT

# Reunion

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis

4:00 - RET # Reunion Time

#

# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.

# The following information about them is taken from

# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;

# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).

# We have no info about their time zone histories.

#

# Bassas da India - uninhabited

# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families

# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958

# Juan de Nova - uninhabited

# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958

# Rwanda

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun

2:00 - CAT

# St Helena

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown

-0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time

0:00 - GMT

# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:

# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA

# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA

# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):

# on GMT, says the CIA

# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT

# Sao Tome and Principe

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884

-0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time

0:00 - GMT

# Senegal

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912

-1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun

0:00 - GMT

# Seychelles

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria

4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):

# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the

# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory

# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know

# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.

# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.

# Sierra Leone

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.

Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST

Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT

Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST

Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882

-0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time

-1:00 SL %s 1957

0:00 SL %s

# Somalia

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov

3:00 - EAT 1931

2:30 - BEAT 1957

3:00 - EAT

# South Africa

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -

Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8

1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar

2:00 SA SAST

# Marion and Prince Edward Is

# scientific station since 1947

# no information

# Sudan

#

# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">

# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)

# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:

# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon

# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for

# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.

#

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -

Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931

2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00

3:00 - EAT

# Swaziland

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - SAST

# Tanzania

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931

3:00 - EAT 1948

2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961

3:00 - EAT

# Togo

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893

0:00 - GMT

# Tunisia

# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -

Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S

Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S

# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.

# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12

0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time

1:00 Tunisia CE%sT

# Uganda

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul

3:00 - EAT 1930

2:30 - BEAT 1948

2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957

3:00 - EAT

# Zambia

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - CAT

# Zimbabwe

# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar

2:00 - CAT