0N/A#ident "%Z%%M% %I% %E% SMI"
0N/A# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
2362N/A# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
0N/A# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
0N/A# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
0N/A# A good source for time zone historical data outside the
U.S. is
0N/A# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
0N/A# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
0N/A# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
0N/A# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
0N/A# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
0N/A# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
0N/A# of the IATA's data after 1990.
2362N/A# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
2362N/A# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
0N/A# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
4956N/A# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
4956N/A# I found in the UCLA library.
2080N/A# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
0N/A# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
0N/A# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
0N/A# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
0N/A# but Mark R V Murray reports that
0N/A# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
0N/A# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
0N/A# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
0N/A# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
0N/A# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
0N/A# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
0N/A# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
0N/A# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
0N/A# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
0N/A# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
0N/A# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
0N/A# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
0N/A# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
0N/A# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
0N/A# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
0N/A# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
0N/A# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
0N/A# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
0N/A# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
0N/A# until we get more information.
0N/A# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
0N/A# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
0N/A# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
0N/A# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
0N/A# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
0N/A# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
0N/A# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
0N/A# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
-2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
# Central African Republic
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Democratic Republic of Congo
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
###############################################################################
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
Rule Egypt 2007 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time
2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
-0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
###############################################################################
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
# We have no info about their time zone histories.
# Bassas da India - uninhabited
# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# scientific station since 1947
# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
# Saturday." (My translation)
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]