manual/vhosts/ip-based.html

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<h1 ALIGN="CENTER">Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support</h1>

<strong>See also:</strong>
<a href="name-based.html">Name-based Virtual Hosts Support</a>

<HR>

<h2>System requirements</h2>
As the term <cite>IP-based</cite> indicates, the server <strong>must have a
different IP address for each IP-based virtual host</strong>.
This can be achieved by the machine having several physical network connections,
or by use of virtual interfaces which are supported by most modern
operating systems (see system documentation for details).

<h2>How to set up Apache</h2>
There are two ways of configuring apache to support multiple hosts.
Either by running a separate httpd daemon for each hostname, or by running a
single daemon which supports all the virtual hosts.
<p>
Use multiple daemons when:
<ul>
<li>The different virtual hosts need very different httpd configurations, such
   as different values for: <A HREF="/mod/core.html#servertype">ServerType</A>,
   <A HREF="/mod/core.html#user">User</A>,
   <A HREF="/mod/core.html#group">Group</A>,
   <A HREF="/mod/mod_mime.html#typesconfig">TypesConfig</A> or
   <A HREF="/mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</A>.
<li>The machine does not process a very high request rate.
</ul>
Use a single daemon when:
<ul>
<li>Sharing of the httpd configuration between virtual hosts is acceptable.
<li>The machine services a large number of requests, and so the performance
   loss in running separate daemons may be significant.
</ul>

<h2>Setting up multiple daemons</h2>
Create a separate httpd installation for each virtual host.
For each installation, use the
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#listen">Listen</A> directive in the configuration
file to select which IP address (or virtual host) that daemon services.
e.g.
<pre>
    Listen www.smallco.com:80
</pre>
It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a hostname
(see <A HREF="/dns-caveats.html">DNS page</A>).

<h2>Setting up a single daemon with virtual hosts</h2>
For this case, a single httpd will service requests for the main server
and all the virtual hosts.
The <A HREF="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</A> directive in the
 configuration file is used to set the values of
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#serveradmin">ServerAdmin</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</A> and
<A HREF="/mod/mod_log_config.html#transferlog">TransferLog</A> or
<A HREF="/mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</A>
configuration directives to different values for each virtual host.
e.g.
<pre>
    &lt;VirtualHost www.smallco.com&gt;
    ServerAdmin webmaster@mail.smallco.com
    DocumentRoot /groups/smallco/www
    ServerName www.smallco.com
    ErrorLog /groups/smallco/logs/error_log
    TransferLog /groups/smallco/logs/access_log
    &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;

    &lt;VirtualHost www.baygroup.org&gt;
    ServerAdmin webmaster@mail.baygroup.org
    DocumentRoot /groups/baygroup/www
    ServerName www.baygroup.org
    ErrorLog /groups/baygroup/logs/error_log
    TransferLog /groups/baygroup/logs/access_log
    &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
</pre>

It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a hostname
(see <A HREF="/dns-caveats.html">DNS page</A>).

<P>

Almost <strong>any</strong> configuration directive can be put
in the VirtualHost directive, with the exception of
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#servertype">ServerType</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#startservers">StartServers</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#bindaddress">BindAddress</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#listen">Listen</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#pidfile">PidFile</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/mod_mime.html#typesconfig">TypesConfig</A>,
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</A> and
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</A>.
<P>
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#user">User</A> and
<A HREF="/mod/core.html#group">Group</A> maybe used inside a VirtualHost
directive if the <A HREF="/suexec.html">suEXEC wrapper</A> is used.
<P>

<EM>SECURITY:</EM> When specifying where to write log files, be aware
of some security risks which are present if anyone other than the
user that starts Apache has write access to the directory where they
are written.  See the <A HREF="/misc/security_tips.html">security
tips</A> document for details.
</P>

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