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22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<title>Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="/faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
52fff662005b1866a3ff09bb6c902800c5cc6dedjerenkrantz<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<div id="path">
4b5981e276e93df97c34e4da05ca5cf8bbd937dand<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> &gt; <a href="./">Virtual Hosts</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support</h1>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<div class="toplang">
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/vhosts/ip-based.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
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22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#explanation">What is IP-based virtual hosting</a></li>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#requirements">System requirements</a></li>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#howto">How to set up Apache</a></li>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multiple">Setting up multiple daemons</a></li>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#single">Setting up a single daemon
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen  with virtual hosts</a></li>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<a href="name-based.html">Name-based Virtual Hosts Support</a>
ec7f95732d562ee4f5586faea04d12df7fb20180rbowen</li></ul></div>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
cb31536ca972d939ea2833f27b99f8b0bdde049crbowen<div class="section">
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<h2><a name="explanation" id="explanation">What is IP-based virtual hosting</a></h2>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<p>IP-based virtual hosting is a method to apply different directives
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowenbased on the IP address and port a request is received on.  Most commonly,
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowenthis is used to serve different websites on different ports or interfaces.</p>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<p>In many cases, <a href="name-based.html">name-based
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowenvirtual hosts</a> are more convenient, because they allow
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowenmany virtual hosts to share a single address/port.
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowenSee <a href="name-based.html#namevip">Name-based vs. IP-based
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowenVirtual Hosts</a> to help you decide.  </p>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<div class="section">
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<h2><a name="requirements" id="requirements">System requirements</a></h2>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    <p>As the term <cite>IP-based</cite> indicates, the server
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    <strong>must have a different IP address/port combination for each IP-based
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    virtual host</strong>. This can be achieved by the machine
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    having several physical network connections, or by use of
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    virtual interfaces which are supported by most modern operating
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    systems (see system documentation for details, these are
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    frequently called "ip aliases", and the "ifconfig" command is
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    most commonly used to set them up), and/or using multiple
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    port numbers.</p>
1db37411af96e1c17b78ed2b35461187791250cbrbowen
1db37411af96e1c17b78ed2b35461187791250cbrbowen    <p> In the terminology of Apache HTTP Server, using a single IP address
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    but multiple TCP ports, is also IP-based virtual hosting.</p>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<div class="section">
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen<h2><a name="howto" id="howto">How to set up Apache</a></h2>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    <p>There are two ways of configuring apache to support multiple
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    hosts. Either by running a separate <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> daemon for
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    each hostname, or by running a single daemon which supports all the
4eb5e97c7a147352e1017b0114d2719d5f67cea9rbowen    virtual hosts.</p>
ec7f95732d562ee4f5586faea04d12df7fb20180rbowen
e953a3ed43a5521c980dbd1c1390d14b7f903b85rbowen    <p>Use multiple daemons when:</p>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    <ul>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen      <li>There are security partitioning issues, such as company1
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen      does not want anyone at company2 to be able to read their
f3f7fbd152943fb15146b438ec8a4c39c404a2fbrbowen      data except via the web. In this case you would need two
f3f7fbd152943fb15146b438ec8a4c39c404a2fbrbowen      daemons, each running with different <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#user">User</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#group">Group</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code> settings.</li>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen      <li>You can afford the memory and file descriptor
ec7f95732d562ee4f5586faea04d12df7fb20180rbowen      requirements of listening to every IP alias on the
ec7f95732d562ee4f5586faea04d12df7fb20180rbowen      machine. It's only possible to <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> to the "wildcard"
ec7f95732d562ee4f5586faea04d12df7fb20180rbowen      address, or to specific addresses. So if you have a need to
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen      listen to a specific address for whatever reason, then you
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen      will need to listen to all specific addresses. (Although one
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen      <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> could listen to N-1 of the addresses, and another could
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen      listen to the remaining address.)</li>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    </ul>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen
eac602f079a7b6a1039df751710a2c734c5f67cenoirin    <p>Use a single daemon when:</p>
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen
22a41ae508535e87c3c2270202ae78de6ac4672crbowen    <ul>
      <li>Sharing of the httpd configuration between virtual hosts
      is acceptable.</li>

      <li>The machine services a large number of requests, and so
      the performance loss in running separate daemons may be
      significant.</li>
    </ul>

</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="multiple" id="multiple">Setting up multiple daemons</a></h2>

    <p>Create a separate <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> installation for each
    virtual host. For each installation, use the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive in the
    configuration file to select which IP address (or virtual host)
    that daemon services. e.g.</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
    Listen 192.0.2.100:80
    </code></p></div>

    <p>It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a
    hostname (see <a href="/dns-caveats.html">DNS caveats</a>).</p>

</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="single" id="single">Setting up a single daemon
  with virtual hosts</a></h2>

    <p>For this case, a single <code class="program"><a href="/programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> will service
    requests for the main server and all the virtual hosts. The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</a></code> directive
    in the configuration file is used to set the values of <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#serveradmin">ServerAdmin</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_log_config.html#transferlog">TransferLog</a></code>
    or <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code>
    configuration directives to different values for each virtual
    host. e.g.</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
    &lt;VirtualHost 172.20.30.40:80&gt;<br />
    ServerAdmin webmaster@www1.example.com<br />
    DocumentRoot /www/vhosts/www1<br />
    ServerName www1.example.com<br />
    ErrorLog /www/logs/www1/error_log<br />
    CustomLog /www/logs/www1/access_log combined<br />
    &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;<br />
    <br />
    &lt;VirtualHost 172.20.30.50:80&gt;<br />
    ServerAdmin webmaster@www2.example.org<br />
    DocumentRoot /www/vhosts/www2<br />
    ServerName www2.example.org<br />
    ErrorLog /www/logs/www2/error_log<br />
    CustomLog /www/logs/www2/access_log combined<br />
    &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
    </code></p></div>

    <p>It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a
    hostname in the &lt;VirtualHost&gt; directive
    (see <a href="/dns-caveats.html">DNS caveats</a>).</p>

    <p> Specific IP addresses or ports have precedence over their wildcard
    equivalents, and any virtual host that matches has precedence over
    the servers base configuration.</p>

    <p>Almost <strong>any</strong> configuration directive can be
    put in the VirtualHost directive, with the exception of
    directives that control process creation and a few other
    directives. To find out if a directive can be used in the
    VirtualHost directive, check the <a href="/mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> using the
    <a href="/mod/directives.html">directive index</a>.</p>

    <p><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code>
    may be used inside a
    VirtualHost directive if the <a href="/suexec.html">suEXEC
    wrapper</a> is used.</p>

    <p><em>SECURITY:</em> When specifying where to write log files,
    be aware of some security risks which are present if anyone
    other than the user that starts Apache has write access to the
    directory where they are written. See the <a href="/misc/security_tips.html">security tips</a> document
    for details.</p>

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