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<title>Apache mod_rewrite Introduction - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="/faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache mod_rewrite Introduction</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/rewrite/rewrite_intro.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
</div>
<p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
describes the basic concepts necessary for use of
<code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>. Other documents go into greater detail,
but this doc should help the beginner get their feet wet.
</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
documentation</a></li><li><a href="rewrite_tech.html">Technical details</a></li><li><a href="rewrite_guide.html">Practical solutions to common
advanced problems</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="introduction" id="introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>The Apache module <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> is a very powerful and
sophisticated module which provides a way to do URL manipulations. With
it, you can do nearly all types of URL rewriting that you may need. It
is, however, somewhat complex, and may be intimidating to the beginner.
There is also a tendency to treat rewrite rules as magic incantation,
using them without actually understanding what they do.</p>
<p>This document attempts to give sufficient background so that what
follows is understood, rather than just copied blindly.
</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="regex" id="regex">Regular Expressions</a></h2>
<p>Basic regex building blocks</p>
<h3><a name="InternalBackRefs" id="InternalBackRefs">Regex Back-Reference Availability</a></h3>
<p>One important thing here has to be remembered: Whenever you
use parentheses in <em>Pattern</em> or in one of the
<em>CondPattern</em>, back-references are internally created
which can be used with the strings <code>$N</code> and
<code>%N</code> (see below). These are available for creating
the strings <em>Substitution</em> and <em>TestString</em>.
Figure 2 shows to which locations the back-references are
transferred for expansion.</p>
<p class="figure">
<img src="/images/mod_rewrite_fig2.gif" width="381" height="179" alt="[Needs graphics capability to display]" /><br />
<dfn>Figure 2:</dfn> The back-reference flow through a rule.
</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="rewriterule" id="rewriterule">RewriteRule basics</a></h2>
<p>
Basic anatomy of a RewriteRule, with exhaustively annotated simple
examples.
</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="flags" id="flags">Rewrite Flags</a></h2>
<p>Discussion of the flags to RewriteRule, and when and why one might
use them.</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="rewritecond" id="rewritecond">Rewrite conditions</a></h2>
<p>Discussion of RewriteCond, looping, and other related concepts.
</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="rewritemap" id="rewritemap">Rewrite maps</a></h2>
<p>Discussion of RewriteMap, including simple, but heavily annotated,
examples.</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess files</a></h2>
<p>Discussion of the differences between rewrite rules in httpd.conf and
in .htaccess files.</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="EnvVar" id="EnvVar">Environment Variables</a></h2>
<p>This module keeps track of two additional (non-standard)
and <code>SCRIPT_URI</code>. These contain the
<em>logical</em> Web-view to the current resource, while the
<code>SCRIPT_FILENAME</code> contain the <em>physical</em>
System-view. </p>
rewriting. This is important because the rewriting process is
primarily used to rewrite logical URLs to physical
pathnames.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre>
SCRIPT_URI=http://en1.engelschall.com/u/rse/
</pre></div>
</div></div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/rewrite/rewrite_intro.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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<p class="apache">Copyright 1995-2005 The Apache Software Foundation or its licensors, as applicable.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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