rewrite_guide.html.en revision 43a906741e1d11f0f1d0c189d1b55eafbcc21d14
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
96ad5d81ee4a2cc66a4ae19893efc8aa6d06fae7jailletc<title>URL Rewriting Guide - Apache HTTP Server</title>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf<link href="/style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf<link href="/style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
d29d9ab4614ff992b0e8de6e2b88d52b6f1f153erbowen<link href="/style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" />
2e545ce2450a9953665f701bb05350f0d3f26275nd<link href="/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
d29d9ab4614ff992b0e8de6e2b88d52b6f1f153erbowen<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="/faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div>
3f08db06526d6901aa08c110b5bc7dde6bc39905nd<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> > <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>URL Rewriting Guide</h1>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/rewrite/rewrite_guide.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf <p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf <a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>.
f086b4b402fa9a2fefc7dda85de2a3cc1cd0a654rjung It describes how one can use Apache's <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf to solve typical URL-based problems with which webmasters are
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf commonly confronted. We give detailed descriptions on how to
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf solve each problem by configuring URL rewriting rulesets.</p>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf <div class="warning">ATTENTION: Depending on your server configuration
b09fcdfc59ada4712150e7bcc7b502bb9e4601d8rjung it may be necessary to slightly change the examples for your
c44eeebd065e2c8cd028016b45c58afb480aaf8fdruggeri additionally using <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code> and
c44eeebd065e2c8cd028016b45c58afb480aaf8fdruggeri <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code>, etc. Or rewriting a ruleset
c44eeebd065e2c8cd028016b45c58afb480aaf8fdruggeri of per-server context. Always try to understand what a
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf particular ruleset really does before you use it. This
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sf avoids many problems.</div>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#canonicalurl">Canonical URLs</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#canonicalhost">Canonical Hostnames</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#moveddocroot">Moved <code>DocumentRoot</code></a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#trailingslash">Trailing Slash Problem</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#movehomedirs">Move Homedirs to Different Webserver</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multipledirs">Search for pages in more than one directory</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#setenvvars">Set Environment Variables According To URL Parts</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#uservhosts">Virtual Hosts Per User</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirecthome">Redirect Homedirs For Foreigners</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirectanchors">Redirecting Anchors</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#time-dependent">Time-Dependent Rewriting</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#backward-compatibility">Backward Compatibility for YYYY to XXXX migration</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#old-to-new">From Old to New (intern)</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#old-to-new-extern">From Old to New (extern)</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#static-to-dynamic">From Static to Dynamic</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#blocking-of-robots">Blocking of Robots</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#blocked-inline-images">Forbidding Image "Hotlinking"</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxy-deny">Proxy Deny</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#external-rewriting">External Rewriting Engine</a></li>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coardocumentation</a></li><li><a href="rewrite_intro.html">mod_rewrite
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coarintroduction</a></li><li><a href="rewrite_guide_advanced.html">Advanced Rewrite Guide - advanced
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coaruseful examples</a></li><li><a href="rewrite_tech.html">Technical details</a></li></ul></div>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<h2><a name="canonicalurl" id="canonicalurl">Canonical URLs</a></h2>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <p>On some webservers there are more than one URL for a
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar resource. Usually there are canonical URLs (which should be
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar actually used and distributed) and those which are just
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar shortcuts, internal ones, etc. Independent of which URL the
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar user supplied with the request he should finally see the
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar canonical one only.</p>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <p>We do an external HTTP redirect for all non-canonical
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar URLs to fix them in the location view of the Browser and
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sf for all subsequent requests. In the example ruleset below
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf <code>/u/user</code> and fix a missing trailing slash for
16a0ba19b2cecf27e48c0c197ae1f3a96f447949sfRewriteRule ^/<strong>~</strong>([^/]+)/?(.*) /<strong>u</strong>/$1/$2 [<strong>R</strong>]
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsfRewriteRule ^/u/(<strong>[^/]+</strong>)$ /$1/$2<strong>/</strong> [<strong>R</strong>]
b09fcdfc59ada4712150e7bcc7b502bb9e4601d8rjung </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf<h2><a name="canonicalhost" id="canonicalhost">Canonical Hostnames</a></h2>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf <dd>The goal of this rule is to force the use of a particular
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf hostname, in preference to other hostnames which may be used to
cb8646cb564e6b2f7b1580b01ba4fbfd26231253sf reach the same site. For example, if you wish to force the use
cb8646cb564e6b2f7b1580b01ba4fbfd26231253sf <strong>example.com</strong>, you might use a variant of the
cb8646cb564e6b2f7b1580b01ba4fbfd26231253sf following recipe.</dd>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsfRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.example\.com [NC]
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsfRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sfRewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^80$
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsfRewriteRule ^/?(.*) http://www.example.com:%{SERVER_PORT}/$1 [L,R]
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sfRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.example\.com [NC]
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sfRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
2e0e3814627be5f1f08d890663cfa6c1f7671a4crpluemRewriteRule ^/?(.*) http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R]
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf If you wanted to do this generically for all domain names - that
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sf is, if you want to redirect <strong>example.com</strong> to
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sf <strong>www.example.com</strong> for all possible values of
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sf <strong>example.com</strong>, you could use the following
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf recipe:</p>
16a0ba19b2cecf27e48c0c197ae1f3a96f447949sfRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
16a0ba19b2cecf27e48c0c197ae1f3a96f447949sfRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
16a0ba19b2cecf27e48c0c197ae1f3a96f447949sfRewriteRule ^/?(.*) http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [L,R]
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sf <p>These rulesets will work either in your main server configuration
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sf file, or in a <code>.htaccess</code> file placed in the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> of the server.</p>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsf </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sf<h2><a name="moveddocroot" id="moveddocroot">Moved <code>DocumentRoot</code></a></h2>
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sf<p>Usually the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsfof the webserver directly relates to the URL "<code>/</code>".
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sfBut often this data is not really of top-level priority. For example,
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sfyou may wish for visitors, on first entering a site, to go to a
efb3a31a4ca193ac8629a4c039d481c29171d6e0sfparticular subdirectory <code>/about/</code>. This may be accomplished
af4381d113faafc97340eaaa008840c7fcbcc8fdsfusing the following ruleset:</p>
cc7e1025de9ac63bd4db6fe7f71c158b2cf09fe4humbedoohRewriteEngine on
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abndRewriteRule <strong>^/$</strong> /about/ [<strong>R</strong>]
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abnd <p>Note that this can also be handled using the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code> directive:</p>
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abnd<p>Note also that the example rewrites only the root URL. That is, it
727872d18412fc021f03969b8641810d8896820bhumbedoohrewrites a request for <code>http://example.com/</code>, but not a
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abndrequest for <code>http://example.com/page.html</code>. If you have in
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abndfact changed your document root - that is, if <strong>all</strong> of
30471a4650391f57975f60bbb6e4a90be7b284bfhumbedoohyour content is in fact in that subdirectory, it is greatly preferable
205f749042ed530040a4f0080dbcb47ceae8a374rjungto simply change your <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>
af33a4994ae2ff15bc67d19ff1a7feb906745bf8rbowendirective, rather than rewriting URLs.</p>
7fec19672a491661b2fe4b29f685bc7f4efa64d4nd </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
with using the techniques discussed in the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/misc/FAQ-E.html#set-servername">FAQ
<p>The solution is trivial with <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.
# ...and if found stop and be happy:
# ...and if found stop and be happy:
<p>Parentheses used in a <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> are captured into the
used in <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> are
RewriteRule ^(/~.+) http://www.somewhere.com/$1 [R,L]
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.day.html
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.night.html
<h2><a name="backward-compatibility" id="backward-compatibility">Backward Compatibility for YYYY to XXXX migration</a></h2>
# when and only when document.phtml exists
# but no longer document.html
# rewrite to document.phtml if exists
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.phtml [S=1]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.html
the new one, i.e. their browsers Location field should
forbid access only to the particular robot, i.e. just
<h2><a name="blocked-inline-images" id="blocked-inline-images">Forbidding Image "Hotlinking"</a></h2>
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !www.example.com [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !www.example.com [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !www.example.com [NC]
<p>We first have to make sure <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
is below(!) <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> in the Configuration
called <em>before</em> <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>. Then we
RewriteRule !^http://[^/.]\.mydomain.com.* - [F]
RewriteRule !^http://[^/.]\.mydomain.com.* - [F]
<p>Use an external <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code>, i.e. a program which acts
like a <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code>. It is run once on startup of Apache
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/rewrite/rewrite_guide.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
<p class="apache">Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="/faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>