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3f08db06526d6901aa08c110b5bc7dde6bc39905nd<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
ad74a0524a06bfe11b7de9e3b4ce7233ab3bd3f7nd<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
ad74a0524a06bfe11b7de9e3b4ce7233ab3bd3f7nd<a href="/en/mod/prefork.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Implements a non-threaded, pre-forking web server</td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module�Identifier:</a></th><td>mpm_prefork_module</td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source�File:</a></th><td>prefork.c</td></tr></table>
9b6a3a558cc90ffdaa0b50bd02546ffec424ded7slive <p>This Multi-Processing Module (MPM) implements a non-threaded,
55478342807b8fbc71ba2af7444e3a06fad7ebf1rbowen pre-forking web server. Each server process may answer incoming
55478342807b8fbc71ba2af7444e3a06fad7ebf1rbowen requests, and a parent process manages the size of the server pool.
55478342807b8fbc71ba2af7444e3a06fad7ebf1rbowen It is appropriate for sites that need to avoid
9b6a3a558cc90ffdaa0b50bd02546ffec424ded7slive threading for compatibility with non-thread-safe libraries. It
9b6a3a558cc90ffdaa0b50bd02546ffec424ded7slive is also the best MPM for isolating each request, so that a problem
9b6a3a558cc90ffdaa0b50bd02546ffec424ded7slive with a single request will not affect any other.</p>
9b6a3a558cc90ffdaa0b50bd02546ffec424ded7slive <p>This MPM is very self-regulating, so it is rarely necessary to
9b6a3a558cc90ffdaa0b50bd02546ffec424ded7slive adjust its configuration directives. Most important is that
ffb01336be79c64046b636e59fa8ddca8ec029edsf <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#maxrequestworkers">MaxRequestWorkers</a></code> be big enough
ffb01336be79c64046b636e59fa8ddca8ec029edsf to handle as many simultaneous requests as you expect to receive, but
9b6a3a558cc90ffdaa0b50bd02546ffec424ded7slive small enough to assure that there is enough physical RAM for all
9b6a3a558cc90ffdaa0b50bd02546ffec424ded7slive processes.</p>
c44eeebd065e2c8cd028016b45c58afb480aaf8fdruggeri<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#how-it-works">How it Works</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#coredumpdirectory">CoreDumpDirectory</a></li>
deeee6bb6fd94c0ba5f3730b58abd9d299c89ccdnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#enableexceptionhook">EnableExceptionHook</a></li>
4db28ee269aa06f7c6232e11cd01f58c3349af23noodl<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mod_unixd.html#group">Group</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#listenbacklog">ListenBacklog</a></li>
4a31db3c3a0202003c1b9f87affa7cc143e120e5sf<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#maxconnectionsperchild">MaxConnectionsPerChild</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#maxmemfree">MaxMemFree</a></li>
ffb01336be79c64046b636e59fa8ddca8ec029edsf<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#maxrequestworkers">MaxRequestWorkers</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#pidfile">PidFile</a></li>
2bc7f1cf720973a67f8ff7a8d523e40569ae5b6cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#receivebuffersize">ReceiveBufferSize</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#scoreboardfile">ScoreBoardFile</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#sendbuffersize">SendBufferSize</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#serverlimit">ServerLimit</a></li>
117c1f888a14e73cdd821dc6c23eb0411144a41cnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></li>
4db28ee269aa06f7c6232e11cd01f58c3349af23noodl<li><img alt="" src="/images/right.gif" /> <a href="mod_unixd.html#user">User</a></li>
55478342807b8fbc71ba2af7444e3a06fad7ebf1rbowen<li><a href="/bind.html">Setting which addresses and ports Apache HTTP Server
30471a4650391f57975f60bbb6e4a90be7b284bfhumbedooh</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<h2><a name="how-it-works" id="how-it-works">How it Works</a></h2>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <p>A single control process is responsible for launching child
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar processes which listen for connections and serve them when they
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar arrive. Apache httpd always tries to maintain several <dfn>spare</dfn>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar or idle server processes, which stand ready to serve incoming
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar requests. In this way, clients do not need to wait for a new
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar child processes to be forked before their requests can be
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar served.</p>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></code>,
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <code class="directive"><a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a></code>,
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <code class="directive"><a href="#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</a></code>, and
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#maxrequestworkers">MaxRequestWorkers</a></code> regulate how
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar the parent process creates children to serve requests. In general,
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar Apache httpd is very self-regulating, so most sites do not need to
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar adjust these directives from their default values. Sites which
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar need to serve more than 256 simultaneous requests may need to
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar increase <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#maxrequestworkers">MaxRequestWorkers</a></code>,
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar while sites with limited memory may need to decrease <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#maxrequestworkers">MaxRequestWorkers</a></code> to keep the server from
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar thrashing (swapping memory to disk and back). More information
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar about tuning process creation is provided in the <a href="/misc/perf-tuning.html">performance hints</a>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar documentation.</p>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <p>While the parent process is usually started as <code>root</code>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar under Unix in order to bind to port 80, the child processes are
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar launched by Apache httpd as a less-privileged user. The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_unixd.html#user">User</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_unixd.html#group">Group</a></code> directives are used to set
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar the privileges of the Apache httpd child processes. The child processes
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar must be able to read all the content that will be served, but
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar should have as few privileges beyond that as possible.</p>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <p><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#maxconnectionsperchild">MaxConnectionsPerChild</a></code>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar controls how frequently the server recycles processes by killing
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar old ones and launching new ones.</p>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <p>This MPM uses the <code>mpm-accept</code> mutex to serialize
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar access to incoming connections when subject to the thundering herd
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar problem (generally, when there are multiple listening sockets).
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar The implementation aspects of this mutex can be configured with the
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#mutex">Mutex</a></code> directive. The <a href="/misc/perf-tuning.html">performance hints</a>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar documentation has additional information about this mutex.</p>
1f1b6bf13313fdd14a45e52e553d3ff28689b717coar<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MaxSpareServers" id="MaxSpareServers">MaxSpareServers</a> <a name="maxspareservers" id="maxspareservers">Directive</a></h2>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maximum number of idle child server processes</td></tr>
9fc1345bb54ea7f68c2e59ff3a618c1237a30918yoshiki<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MaxSpareServers <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>MaxSpareServers 10</code></td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>prefork</td></tr>
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive <p>The <code class="directive">MaxSpareServers</code> directive sets the
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive desired maximum number of <em>idle</em> child server processes. An
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive idle process is one which is not handling a request. If there are
a63f0ab647ad2ab72efc9bea7a66e24e9ebc5cc2nd more than <code class="directive">MaxSpareServers</code> idle, then the
a63f0ab647ad2ab72efc9bea7a66e24e9ebc5cc2nd parent process will kill off the excess processes.</p>
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive <p>Tuning of this parameter should only be necessary on very
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive busy sites. Setting this parameter to a large number is almost
f989aee1278b24f2b6e3a8e3b0935b590349de81jorton always a bad idea. If you are trying to set the value equal to or lower than
55478342807b8fbc71ba2af7444e3a06fad7ebf1rbowen <code class="directive"><a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a></code>, Apache HTTP Server
a63f0ab647ad2ab72efc9bea7a66e24e9ebc5cc2nd will automatically adjust it to <code class="directive">MinSpareServers</code><code> + 1</code>.</p>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<li><code class="directive"><a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a></code></li>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></code></li>
5fe85d8662e07bb4e9dbe9c2d0274e90a3058135rbowen<li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#maxsparethreads">MaxSpareThreads</a></code></li>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MinSpareServers" id="MinSpareServers">MinSpareServers</a> <a name="minspareservers" id="minspareservers">Directive</a></h2>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Minimum number of idle child server processes</td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MinSpareServers <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
a63f0ab647ad2ab72efc9bea7a66e24e9ebc5cc2nd<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>MinSpareServers 5</code></td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>prefork</td></tr>
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive <p>The <code class="directive">MinSpareServers</code> directive sets the
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive desired minimum number of <em>idle</em> child server processes. An
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive idle process is one which is not handling a request. If there are
a63f0ab647ad2ab72efc9bea7a66e24e9ebc5cc2nd fewer than <code class="directive">MinSpareServers</code> idle, then the parent
2bfb6b5514fae5aff3a3a56a15f3d5a545395c41igalic process creates new children: It will spawn one, wait a second, then spawn
2bfb6b5514fae5aff3a3a56a15f3d5a545395c41igalic two, wait a second, then spawn four, and it will
2bfb6b5514fae5aff3a3a56a15f3d5a545395c41igalic continue exponentially until it is spawning 32 children per second. It will
2bfb6b5514fae5aff3a3a56a15f3d5a545395c41igalic stop whenever it satisfies the <code class="directive">MinSpareServers</code>
2bfb6b5514fae5aff3a3a56a15f3d5a545395c41igalic setting.</p>
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive <p>Tuning of this parameter should only be necessary on very
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive busy sites. Setting this parameter to a large number is almost
06ba4a61654b3763ad65f52283832ebf058fdf1cslive always a bad idea.</p>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<li><code class="directive"><a href="#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</a></code></li>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></code></li>
5fe85d8662e07bb4e9dbe9c2d0274e90a3058135rbowen<li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#minsparethreads">MinSpareThreads</a></code></li>
ad74a0524a06bfe11b7de9e3b4ce7233ab3bd3f7nd<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
ad74a0524a06bfe11b7de9e3b4ce7233ab3bd3f7nd<a href="/en/mod/prefork.html" title="English"> en </a> |
e1e8390280254f7f0580d701e583f670643d4f3fnilgun<a href="/ja/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
f086b4b402fa9a2fefc7dda85de2a3cc1cd0a654rjung<a href="/tr/mod/prefork.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p>
727872d18412fc021f03969b8641810d8896820bhumbedooh</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
727872d18412fc021f03969b8641810d8896820bhumbedoohvar comments_shortname = 'httpd';
cc7e1025de9ac63bd4db6fe7f71c158b2cf09fe4humbedoohvar comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/mod/prefork.html';
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abnd(function(w, d) {
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