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<title>Compiling and Installing</title>

<summary>

<p>This document covers compilation and installation of Apache

on Unix and Unix-like systems only. For compiling and

installation on Windows, see <a

href="platform/windows.html">Using Apache with Microsoft

Windows</a>. For other platforms, see the <a

href="platform/">platform</a> documentation.</p>

<p>Apache 2.0's configuration and installation environment has

changed completely from Apache 1.3. Apache 1.3 used a custom

set of scripts to achieve easy installation. Apache 2.0 now

uses <code>libtool</code> and <code>autoconf</code>

to create an environment that looks like many other Open Source

projects.</p>

<p>If you are upgrading from one minor version to the next (for

example, 2.0.50 to 2.0.51), please skip down to the <a

href="#upgrading">upgrading</a> section.</p>

</summary>

<seealso><a href="programs/configure.html">Configure the source tree</a></seealso>

<seealso><a href="invoking.html">Starting Apache</a></seealso>

<seealso><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></seealso>

<section id="overview"><title>Overview for the

impatient</title>

<table>

<columnspec><column width=".13"/><column width=".80"/></columnspec>

<tr>

<td><a href="#download">Download</a></td>

<td><code>$ lynx http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi</code>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="#extract">Extract</a></td>

<td><code>$ gzip -d httpd-2_1_<em>NN</em>.tar.gz<br />

$ tar xvf httpd-2_1_<em>NN</em>.tar</code> </td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="#configure">Configure</a></td>

<td><code>$ /configure --prefix=<em>PREFIX</em></code>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="#compile">Compile</a></td>

<td><code>$ make</code> </td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="#install">Install</a></td>

<td><code>$ make install</code> </td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="#customize">Customize</a></td>

<td><code>$ vi <em>PREFIX</em>/conf/httpd.conf</code> </td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="#test">Test</a></td>

<td><code>$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl start</code>

</td>

</tr>

</table>

<p><em>NN</em> must be replaced with the current minor version

number, and <em>PREFIX</em> must be replaced with the

filesystem path under which the server should be installed. If

<em>PREFIX</em> is not specified, it defaults to

<code>/usr/local/apache2</code>.</p>

<p>Each section of the compilation and installation process is

described in more detail below, beginning with the requirements

for compiling and installing Apache HTTPD.</p>

</section>

<section id="requirements"><title>Requirements</title>

<p>The following requirements exist for building Apache:</p>

<dl>

<dt>Disk Space</dt>

<dd>Make sure you have at least 50 MB of temporary free disk

space available. After installation Apache occupies

approximately 10 MB of disk space. The actual disk space

requirements will vary considerably based on your chosen

configuration options and any third-party modules.</dd>

<dt>ANSI-C Compiler and Build System</dt>

<dd>Make sure you have an ANSI-C compiler installed. The <a

href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/gcc.html">GNU C

compiler (GCC)</a> from the <a

href="http://www.gnu.org/">Free Software Foundation (FSF)</a>

is recommended (version 2.7.2 is fine). If you don't have GCC

then at least make sure your vendor's compiler is ANSI

compliant. In addition, your <code>PATH</code> must contain

basic build tools such as <code>make</code>.</dd>

<dt>Accurate time keeping</dt>

<dd>Elements of the HTTP protocol are expressed as the time of

day. So, it's time to investigate setting some time

synchronization facility on your system. Usually the

<code>ntpdate</code> or <code>xntpd</code> programs are used for

this purpose which are based on the Network Time Protocol (NTP).

See the Usenet newsgroup <a

href="news:comp.protocols.time.ntp">comp.protocols.time.ntp</a>

and the <a href="http://www.ntp.org">NTP

homepage</a> for more details about NTP software and public

time servers.</dd>

<dt><a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl 5</a>

[OPTIONAL]</dt>

<dd>For some of the support scripts like <a

href="programs/apxs.html">apxs</a> or <a

href="programs/dbmmanage.html">dbmmanage</a> (which are

written in Perl) the Perl 5 interpreter is required (versions

5.003 or newer are sufficient). If no such interpreter is found by

the `<code>configure</code>' script there is no harm. Of course, you

still can build and install Apache 2.0. Only those support scripts

cannot be used. If you have multiple Perl interpreters

installed (perhaps a Perl 4 from the vendor and a Perl 5 from

your own), then it is recommended to use the <code>--with-perl</code>

option (see below) to make sure the correct one is selected

by <code>/configure</code>.</dd>

</dl>

</section>

<section id="download"><title>Download</title>

<p>Apache can be downloaded from the <a

href="http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi">Apache HTTP Server

download site</a> which lists several mirrors. Most users of

Apache on unix-like systems will be better off downloading and

compiling a source version. The build process (described below) is

easy, and it allows you to customize your server to suit your needs.

In addition, binary releases are often not up to date with the latest

source releases. If you do download a binary, follow the instructions

in the <code>INSTALL.bindist</code> file inside the distribution.</p>

<p>After downloading, it is important to verify that you have a

complete and unmodified version of the Apache HTTP Server. This

can be accomplished by testing the downloaded tarball against the

PGP signature. Details on how to do this are available on the <a

href="http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#verify">download

page</a> and an extended example is available describing the <a

href="http://httpd.apache.org/dev/verification.html">use of

PGP</a>.</p>

</section>

<section id="extract"><title>Extract</title>

<p>Extracting the source from the Apache HTTPD tarball is a

simple matter of uncompressing, and then untarring:</p>

<example>

$ gzip -d httpd-2_1_<em>NN</em>.tar.gz<br />

$ tar xvf httpd-2_1_<em>NN</em>.tar

</example>

<p>This will create a new directory under the current directory

containing the source code for the distribution. You should

<code>cd</code> into that directory before proceeding with

compiling the server.</p>

</section>

<section id="configure"><title>Configuring the source tree</title>

<p>The next step is to configure the Apache source tree for your

particular platform and personal requirements. This is done using

the script <code><a

href="programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> included in

the root directory of the distribution. (Developers downloading

the CVS version of the Apache source tree will need to have

<code>autoconf</code> and <code>libtool</code> installed and will

need to run <code>buildconf</code> before proceeding with the next

steps. This is not necessary for official releases.)</p>

<p>To configure the source tree using all the default options,

simply type <code>/configure</code>. To change the default

options, <code>configure</code> accepts a variety of variables

and command line options.</p>

<p>The most important option is the location <code>--prefix</code>

where Apache is to be installed later, because Apache has to be

configured for this location to work correctly. More fine-tuned

control of the location of files is possible with additional <a

href="programs/configure.html#installationdirectories">configure

options</a>.</p>

<p>Also at this point, you can specify which <a

href="programs/configure.html#optionalfeatures">features</a> you

want included in Apache by enabling and disabling <a

href="mod/">modules</a>. Apache comes with a <a

href="mod/module-dict.html#Status">Base</a> set of modules included by

default. Other modules are enabled using the

<code>--enable-<var>module</var></code> option, where

<var>module</var> is the name of the module with the

<code>mod_</code> string removed and with any underscore converted

to a dash. You can also choose to compile modules as <a

href="dso.html">shared objects (DSOs)</a> -- which can be loaded

or unloaded at runtime -- by using the option

<code>--enable-<var>module</var>=shared</code>. Similarly, you can

disable Base modules with the

<code>--disable-<var>module</var></code> option. Be careful when

using these options, since <code>configure</code> cannot warn you

if the module you specify does not exist; it will simply ignore the

option.</p>

<p>In addition, it is sometimes necessary to provide the

<code>configure</code> script with extra information about the

location of your compiler, libraries, or header files. This is

done by passing either environment variables or command line

options to <code>configure</code>. For more information, see the

<a href="programs/configure.html">configure manual page</a>.</p>

<p>For a short impression of what possibilities you have, here

is a typical example which compiles Apache for the installation

tree <code>/sw/pkg/apache</code> with a particular compiler and flags

plus the two additional modules <module>mod_rewrite</module> and

<module>mod_speling</module> for

later loading through the DSO mechanism:</p>

<example>

$ CC="pgcc" CFLAGS="-O2" \<br />

/configure --prefix=/sw/pkg/apache \<br />

--enable-rewrite=shared \<br />

--enable-speling=shared

</example>

<p>When <code>configure</code> is run it will take several minutes to

test for the availability of features on your system and build

Makefiles which will later be used to compile the server.</p>

<p>Details on all the different <code>configure</code> options are

available on the <a href="programs/configure.html">configure

manual page</a>.</p>

</section>

<section id="compile"><title>Build</title>

<p>Now you can build the various parts which form the Apache

package by simply running the command:</p>

<example>$ make</example>

<p>Please be patient here, since a base configuration takes

approximately 3 minutes to compile under a Pentium III/Linux

2.2 system, but this will vary widely depending on your

hardware and the number of modules which you have enabled.</p>

</section>

<section id="install"><title>Install</title>

<p>Now it's time to install the package under the configured

installation <em>PREFIX</em> (see <code>--prefix</code> option

above) by running:</p>

<example>$ make install</example>

<p>If you are upgrading, the installation will not overwrite

your configuration files or documents.</p>

</section>

<section id="customize"><title>Customize</title>

<p>Next, you can customize your Apache HTTP server by editing

the <a href="configuring.html">configuration files</a> under

<code><em>PREFIX</em>/conf/</code>.</p>

<example>$ vi <em>PREFIX</em>/conf/httpd.conf</example>

<p>Have a look at the Apache manual under <a

href="./">docs/manual/</a> or consult <a

href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.1/"

>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.1/</a> for the most recent version of

this manual and a complete reference of available <a

href="mod/directives.html">configuration directives</a>.</p>

</section>

<section id="test"><title>Test</title>

<p>Now you can <a href="invoking.html">start</a> your Apache

HTTP server by immediately running:</p>

<example>$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl start</example>

<p>and then you should be able to request your first document

via URL <code>http://localhost/</code>. The web page you see is located

under the <directive module="core">DocumentRoot</directive>

which will usually be <code><em>PREFIX</em>/htdocs/</code>.

Then <a href="stopping.html">stop</a> the server again by

running:</p>

<example>$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl stop</example>

</section>

<section id="upgrading"><title>Upgrading</title>

<p>The first step in upgrading is to read the release announcement

and the file <code>CHANGES</code> in the source distribution to

find any changes that may affect your site. When changing between

major releases (for example, from 1.3 to 2.0 or from 2.0 to 2.2),

there will likely be major differences in the compile-time and

run-time configuration that will require manual adjustments. All

modules will also need to be upgraded to accomodate changes in the

module API.</p>

<p>Upgrading from one minor version to the next (for example, from

2.0.55 to 2.0.57) is easier. The <code>make install</code>

process will not overwrite any of your existing documents, log

files, or configuration files. In addition, the developers make

every effort to avoid incompatible changes in the

<code>configure</code> options, run-time configuration, or the

module API between minor versions. In most cases you should be able to

use an identical <code>configure</code> command line, an identical

configuration file, and all of your modules should continue to

work. (This is only valid for versions after 2.0.41; earlier

versions have incompatible changes.)</p>

<p>If you kept the source tree from your last installation,

upgrading is even easier. The file <code>config.nice</code> in

the root of the old source tree contains the exact

<code>configure</code> command line that you used to configure the

source tree. Then to upgrade from one version to the next, you

need only copy the <code>config.nice</code> file to the source

tree of the new version, edit it to make any desired changes, and

then run:</p>

<example>

$ /config.nice<br />

$ make<br />

$ make install<br />

$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl stop<br />

$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl start<br />

</example>

<note type="warning">You should always test any new version in your

environment before putting it into production. For example, you

can install and run the new version along side the old one by

using a different <code>--prefix</code> and a

different port (by adjusting the <directive

module="mpm_common">Listen</directive> directive) to test for any

incompatibilities before doing the final upgrade.</note>

</section>

</manualpage>