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cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Compiling and Installing Apache 1.3</H1>
3f08db06526d6901aa08c110b5bc7dde6bc39905ndUnixWare users will want to consult <A HREF="unixware.html">build notes</A>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorfor various UnixWare versions before compiling.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorInformation on the latest version of Apache can be found on the Apache
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorweb server at <A
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorHREF="http://www.apache.org/">http://www.apache.org/</A>. This will
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorlist the current release, any more recent beta-test release, together
f086b4b402fa9a2fefc7dda85de2a3cc1cd0a654rjungwith details of mirror web and anonymous ftp sites.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorIf you downloaded a binary distribution, skip to <A
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorHREF="#install">Installing Apache</A>. Otherwise read the next section
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorfor how to compile the server.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorCompiling Apache consists of three steps: Firstly select which Apache
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor<STRONG>modules</STRONG> you want to include into the server. Secondly create a
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorconfiguration for your operating system. Thirdly compile the
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorAll configuration of Apache is performed in the <CODE>src</CODE>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzordirectory of the Apache distribution. Change into this directory.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor Select modules to compile into Apache in the
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor <CODE>Configuration</CODE> file. Uncomment lines corresponding to
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor those optional modules you wish to include (among the AddModule lines
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor at the bottom of the file), or add new lines corresponding to
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor additional modules you have downloaded or written. (See <A
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor HREF="misc/API.html">API.html</A> for preliminary docs on how to
e40d2af13fd7ff120eda49cd327c68fbc16443e8sf write Apache modules). Advanced users can comment out some of the
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor default modules if they are sure they will not need them (be careful
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor though, since many of the default modules are vital for the correct
df135dbebadfdf65d0c45e181d6c19b84d17b7c6sf operation and security of the server).
7e9c796f2dc0dba993a817b3a58cfd56b4e511edwrowe You should also read the instructions in the <CODE>Configuration</CODE>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor file to see if you need to set any of the <CODE>Rule</CODE> lines.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor Configure Apache for your operating system. Normally you can just
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor type run the <CODE>Configure</CODE> script as given below. However
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor if this fails or you have any special requirements (<EM>e.g.</EM>, to include
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor an additional library required by an optional module) you might need
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor to edit one or more of the following options in the
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor <BLOCKQUOTE>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor % Configure
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor Using 'Configuration' as config file
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor + configured for <whatever> platform
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor + setting C compiler to <whatever> *
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor + setting C compiler optimization-level to <whatever> *
30471a4650391f57975f60bbb6e4a90be7b284bfhumbedooh + Adding selected modules
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor + doing sanity check on compiler and options
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor Creating Makefile in support
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor Creating Makefile in main
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor </BLOCKQUOTE>
48c64aeceef385e19025b384bd719b2a9789592dnd (*: Depending on Configuration and your system, Configure
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor make not print these lines. That's OK).<P>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor This generates a Makefile for use in stage 3. It also creates a
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowen Makefile in the support directory, for compilation of the optional
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowen support programs.
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowen (If you want to maintain multiple configurations, you can give a
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowen option to <CODE>Configure</CODE> to tell it to read an alternative
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowen Configuration file, such as <CODE>Configure -file
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorThe modules we place in the Apache distribution are the ones we have
65a611af7093423efb91e5794b8887a527d4cf63trawicktested and are used regularly by various members of the Apache
65a611af7093423efb91e5794b8887a527d4cf63trawickdevelopment group. Additional modules contributed by members or third
65a611af7093423efb91e5794b8887a527d4cf63trawickparties with specific needs or functions are available at
65a611af7093423efb91e5794b8887a527d4cf63trawick<<A HREF="http://www.apache.org/dist/contrib/modules/"
65a611af7093423efb91e5794b8887a527d4cf63trawick >http://www.apache.org/dist/contrib/modules/</A>>.
65a611af7093423efb91e5794b8887a527d4cf63trawickThere are instructions on that page for linking these modules into the
65a611af7093423efb91e5794b8887a527d4cf63trawickcore Apache code.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorYou will have a binary file called <CODE>httpd</CODE> in the
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor<CODE>src</CODE> directory. A binary distribution of Apache will
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorsupply this file. <P>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorThe next step is to install the program and configure it. Apache is
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzordesigned to be configured and run from the same set of directories
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorwhere it is compiled. If you want to run it from somewhere else, make
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzora directory and copy the <CODE>conf</CODE>, <CODE>logs</CODE> and
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor<CODE>icons</CODE> directories into it. In either case you should
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorread the <A HREF="misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">security tips</A>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzordescribing how to set the permissions on the server root directory.<P>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorThe next step is to edit the configuration files for the server. This
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorconsists of setting up various <STRONG>directives</STRONG> in up to three
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorcentral configuration files. By default, these files are located in
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorthe <CODE>conf</CODE> directory and are called <CODE>srm.conf</CODE>,
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor<CODE>access.conf</CODE> and <CODE>httpd.conf</CODE>. To help you get
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorstarted there are same files in the <CODE>conf</CODE> directory of the
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzor<CODE>access.conf-dist</CODE> and <CODE>httpd.conf-dist</CODE>. Copy
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzoror rename these files to the names without the <CODE>-dist</CODE>.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorThen edit each of the files. Read the comments in each file carefully.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorFailure to setup these files correctly could lead to your server not
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorworking or being insecure. You should also have an additional file in
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorthe <CODE>conf</CODE> directory called <CODE>mime.types</CODE>. This
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorfile usually does not need editing.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorFirst edit <CODE>httpd.conf</CODE>. This sets up general attributes
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorabout the server: the port number, the user it runs as, <EM>etc.</EM> Next
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzoredit the <CODE>srm.conf</CODE> file; this sets up the root of the
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzordocument tree, special functions like server-parsed HTML or internal
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorimagemap parsing, <EM>etc.</EM> Finally, edit the <CODE>access.conf</CODE>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorfile to at least set the base cases of access.
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorIn addition to these three files, the server behavior can be configured
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzoron a directory-by-directory basis by using <CODE>.htaccess</CODE>
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorfiles in directories accessed by the server.
e40d2af13fd7ff120eda49cd327c68fbc16443e8sfProper operation of a public web server requires accurate time
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenkeeping, since elements of the HTTP protocol are expressed as the time
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenof day. So, it's time to investigate setting up NTP or some other
e40d2af13fd7ff120eda49cd327c68fbc16443e8sftime synchronization system on your Unix box, or whatever the
e40d2af13fd7ff120eda49cd327c68fbc16443e8sfequivalent on NT would be.
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenTo start the server, simply run <CODE>httpd</CODE>. This will look for
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowen<CODE>httpd.conf</CODE> in the location compiled into the code (by
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowendefault <CODE>/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf</CODE>). If
25f8d56998acb95d39c62c489d72b92d8d29b765humbedoohthis file is somewhere else, you can give the real
25f8d56998acb95d39c62c489d72b92d8d29b765humbedoohlocation with the -f argument. For example:
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowen /usr/local/apache/httpd -f /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenIf all goes well this will return to the command prompt almost
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenimmediately. This indicates that the server is now up and running. If
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenanything goes wrong during the initialization of the server you will
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowensee an error message on the screen.
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenIf the server started ok, you can now use your browser to
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenconnect to the server and read the documentation. If you are running
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenthe browser on the same machine as the server and using the default
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenport of 80, a suitable URL to enter into your browser is
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenNote that when the server starts it will create a number of
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowen<EM>child</EM> processes to handle the requests. If you started Apache
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenas the root user, the parent process will continue to run as root
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenwhile the children will change to the user as given in the httpd.conf
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenIf when you run <CODE>httpd</CODE> it complained about being unable to
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowen"bind" to an address, then either some other process is already using
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenthe port you have configured Apache to use, or you are running httpd
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenas a normal user but trying to use port below 1024 (such as the
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowendefault port 80).
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenIf the server is not running, read the error message displayed
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenwhen you run httpd. You should also check the server
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenerror_log for additional information (with the default configuration,
1462ff536f1b939bb337766b2056109c29664c4erbowenthis will be located in the file <CODE>error_log</CODE> in the
cc8190433d13f5e9de618c5d7f10c824c0c1919cgryzorIf you want your server to continue running after a system reboot, you
f086b4b402fa9a2fefc7dda85de2a3cc1cd0a654rjungshould add a call to <CODE>httpd</CODE> to your system startup files
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abnd<CODE>rc.<EM>N</EM></CODE> directory). This will start Apache as root.
727872d18412fc021f03969b8641810d8896820bhumbedoohBefore doing this ensure that your server is properly configured
cc7e1025de9ac63bd4db6fe7f71c158b2cf09fe4humbedoohfor security and access restrictions.
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abndTo stop Apache send the parent process a TERM signal. The PID of this
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abndprocess is written to the file <CODE>httpd.pid</CODE> in the
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abnd<CODE>logs</CODE> directory (unless configured otherwise). Do not
ac082aefa89416cbdc9a1836eaf3bed9698201c8humbedoohattempt to kill the child processes because they will be renewed by
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abndthe parent. A typical command to stop the server is:
af33a4994ae2ff15bc67d19ff1a7feb906745bf8rbowenFor more information about Apache command line options, configuration
0d0ba3a410038e179b695446bb149cce6264e0abndand log files, see <A HREF="invoking.html">Starting Apache</A>. For a
7fec19672a491661b2fe4b29f685bc7f4efa64d4ndreference guide to all Apache directives supported by the distributed
7fec19672a491661b2fe4b29f685bc7f4efa64d4ndmodules, see the <A HREF="mod/directives.html">Apache directives</A>.
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