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d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd<title>Binding - Apache HTTP Server</title>
d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd<link href="/style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="/faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div>
d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div>
d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd<div id="path">
d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
d5d794fc2f4cc9ca6d6da17cfa2cdcd8d244bacdnd </div>
7db9f691a00ead175b03335457ca296a33ddf31bnd<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
25a848437bc0e4d58675054fd4acc35242837e58slive<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
25a848437bc0e4d58675054fd4acc35242837e58slive<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd<div class="section">
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
25a848437bc0e4d58675054fd4acc35242837e58slive
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd
25a848437bc0e4d58675054fd4acc35242837e58slive <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
25a848437bc0e4d58675054fd4acc35242837e58slive Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd
b2e4e96cb2848d55d437c11c53d944edac79824aslive <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd directive tells the server to accept
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd incoming requests only on the specified port or
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
25a848437bc0e4d58675054fd4acc35242837e58slive directive, the server
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
b2e4e96cb2848d55d437c11c53d944edac79824aslive port and interface. Multiple Listen directives may be used to
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd server will respond to requests from any of the listed
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd addresses and ports.</p>
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
25a848437bc0e4d58675054fd4acc35242837e58slive port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
fc56d0d97412cd0421430f3e415c9b19be97e101nd
7db9f691a00ead175b03335457ca296a33ddf31bnd <div class="example"><p><code>
Listen 80<br />
Listen 8000
</code></p></div>
<p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
</code></p></div>
<p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
following example:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
Listen [fe80::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
</code></p></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
<p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and APR supports
IPv6 on most of these platforms, allowing Apache to allocate IPv6
sockets and handle requests which were sent over IPv6.</p>
<p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or
not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
platforms but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
OpenBSD in order to match the system-wide policy on those
platforms. But even on systems where it is disallowed by default, a
special configure parameter can change this behavior for Apache.</p>
<p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections with a
minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses,
specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> configure option and use
generic Listen directives like the following:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
Listen 80
</code></p></div>
<p>With <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code>, the Listen directives in the
default configuration file created by Apache will use this form.
<code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms but
FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was
built.</p>
<p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
Listen directives, as in the following examples:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
Listen 192.170.2.1:80
</code></p></div>
<p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections on separate
sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped addresses), specify the
<code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> configure option and use specific Listen
directives like the following:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
Listen [::]:80<br />
Listen 0.0.0.0:80
</code></p></div>
<p>With <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code>, the Listen directives in the
default configuration file created by Apache will use this form.
<code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
OpenBSD.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
<p>Listen does not implement Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
<code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
directives are used, the server will behave
the same for all accepted requests. However,
<code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
can be used to specify a different behavior
for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
address and port to be used. Then a
<code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code> section
should be created for a specified address and port to set the
behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
<code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
is set for an address and port that the
server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
</div></div>
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<p class="apache">Maintained by the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Apache HTTP Server Documentation Project</a></p>
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