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6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<title>Binding to Addresses and Ports - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding to Addresses and Ports</h1>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
a5c32cff1f56afe6f0c6c70d91a88a7a8238b2d7Harald Hoyer<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
e48fdd84432bbf9c2ecc339183258c7c33116032Lennart Poettering<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
059cb3858acd038ff2cef10a3a99119bf71a8fc6Lennart Poettering<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
689aede8c622ba68d9060e4edee27364445b2007Lennart Poettering</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
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e48fdd84432bbf9c2ecc339183258c7c33116032Lennart Poettering<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
6db615c17ee7a434f9e0c40d67a1f833d8f3cc9dLennart Poettering <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
2968644080fd103062f070e83edd620e0a58c44dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering directive tells the server to accept
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
8333c77edf8fd1654cd96f3f6ee0f078dd64b58bZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering server will respond to requests from any of the listed
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering addresses and ports.</p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 80
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart PoetteringListen 8000</pre>
7fd1b19bc9e9f5574f2877936b8ac267c7706947Harald Hoyer <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom Gundersen and port 8000 on another, use</p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.0.2.1:80
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart PoetteringListen 192.0.2.5:8000</pre>
689aede8c622ba68d9060e4edee27364445b2007Lennart Poettering <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
689aede8c622ba68d9060e4edee27364445b2007Lennart Poettering following example:</p>
689aede8c622ba68d9060e4edee27364445b2007Lennart Poettering <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80</pre>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <p>See <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/CouldNotBindToAddress">the
d0aa9ce51915f6f7448adfeb4be0f46cc1356124Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek discussion in the wiki</a> for further troubleshooting tips.</p>
d0aa9ce51915f6f7448adfeb4be0f46cc1356124Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
67ab5f761f9b854d8ce85f9ee47b298e497f8bd9Tom Gundersen <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
67ab5f761f9b854d8ce85f9ee47b298e497f8bd9Tom Gundersen <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
67ab5f761f9b854d8ce85f9ee47b298e497f8bd9Tom Gundersen allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
67ab5f761f9b854d8ce85f9ee47b298e497f8bd9Tom Gundersen over IPv6.</p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
64347fc2b983f33e7efb0fd2bb44e133fb9f30f4Tom Gundersen IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
64347fc2b983f33e7efb0fd2bb44e133fb9f30f4Tom Gundersen platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
c3834f9b881f2b1a68dc7d797c134f0b66b47b57Lennart Poettering OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
c3834f9b881f2b1a68dc7d797c134f0b66b47b57Lennart Poettering platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering special <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering for httpd.</p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom Gundersen <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom Gundersen following examples:</p>
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom Gundersen <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 0.0.0.0:80
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom GundersenListen 192.0.2.1:80</pre>
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom Gundersen <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom Gundersen IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom Gundersen addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom Gundersen default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
4e82fe5213bedcb70e25c0270e516d5f2706d8c8Tom Gundersen </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <p>The optional second <var>protocol</var> argument of
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering is not required for most
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>
3d22d1ab57bf44c92e4d9ca95d9728105dd3fb0dTom Gundersen <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
3d22d1ab57bf44c92e4d9ca95d9728105dd3fb0dTom Gundersen ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>
3d22d1ab57bf44c92e4d9ca95d9728105dd3fb0dTom Gundersen <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https</pre>
3d22d1ab57bf44c92e4d9ca95d9728105dd3fb0dTom Gundersen </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
e8d2f6cde0af86eece9118718ad0a8a19e1cffecLennart Poettering<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
6db615c17ee7a434f9e0c40d67a1f833d8f3cc9dLennart Poettering <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
e8d2f6cde0af86eece9118718ad0a8a19e1cffecLennart Poettering Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
e8d2f6cde0af86eece9118718ad0a8a19e1cffecLennart Poettering main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
e8d2f6cde0af86eece9118718ad0a8a19e1cffecLennart Poettering <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
e8d2f6cde0af86eece9118718ad0a8a19e1cffecLennart Poettering directives are used, the server will behave
e8d2f6cde0af86eece9118718ad0a8a19e1cffecLennart Poettering in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
e8d2f6cde0af86eece9118718ad0a8a19e1cffecLennart Poettering <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
e8d2f6cde0af86eece9118718ad0a8a19e1cffecLennart Poettering can be used to specify a different behavior
e48fdd84432bbf9c2ecc339183258c7c33116032Lennart Poettering for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
7fd1b19bc9e9f5574f2877936b8ac267c7706947Harald Hoyer VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
1dc2ced4646a78b3dee9e3ea44130f938d6425bcZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek address and port to be used. Then a
2968644080fd103062f070e83edd620e0a58c44dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
2968644080fd103062f070e83edd620e0a58c44dZbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek should be created for the specified address and port to set the
7fd1b19bc9e9f5574f2877936b8ac267c7706947Harald Hoyer behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
94192cdaf652c9717f15274504ed315126c07a93Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering is set for an address and port that the
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
5e398e546ea65751e6a774daf828fe06f74434a2Tom Gundersen<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<a href="/en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> |
6db615c17ee7a434f9e0c40d67a1f833d8f3cc9dLennart Poettering<a href="/fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> |
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<a href="/ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<a href="/ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering<a href="/tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p>
6b1dc2bd3cdb3bd932b0692be636ddd2879edb92Lennart Poettering</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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