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beaad6ac31022179c44d88536811e9ccd9425696nd<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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01c674544bd4c211141bcd9fb09b96ffc18c6c3dnd<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding to Addresses and Ports</h1>
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
66e48875fca2df6669dab4f2690ee36c6913c0ffnd addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd ports.</p>
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd directive tells the server to accept
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
f5f948a91315652103ddae08be22d76f63ba96d4nd directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
8cfbcde8e416fd60132dd4324c42a5098da156cfnd If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
8cfbcde8e416fd60132dd4324c42a5098da156cfnd on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd server will respond to requests from any of the listed
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd addresses and ports.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680edndListen 8000
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd and port 8000 on another, use</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680edndListen 192.0.2.1:80
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680edndListen 192.0.2.5:8000
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd following example:</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
f5f948a91315652103ddae08be22d76f63ba96d4nd <p>See <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/CouldNotBindToAddress">the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd discussion in the wiki</a> for further troubleshooting tips.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd<h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd over IPv6.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd special <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd for httpd.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd built.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd following examples:</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680edndListen 0.0.0.0:80
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680edndListen 192.0.2.1:80
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd<h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd is not required for most
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>
66e48875fca2df6669dab4f2690ee36c6913c0ffnd <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https
bdbf46e4950b6f633073f803486962e82c2f086and </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
b51bf223f42d43ca6b1b33c95124edcfa5a871a4nd main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
f36af6370d0850bf789703e852778d8e8ceefd20nd <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
b51bf223f42d43ca6b1b33c95124edcfa5a871a4nd directives are used, the server will behave
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd can be used to specify a different behavior
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd address and port to be used. Then a
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd should be created for the specified address and port to set the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd is set for an address and port that the
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd<a href="/en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> |
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd<a href="/fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> |
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd<a href="/ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd<a href="/ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
29fb68cf24dbdb4985cbb4734cb6074ea4bbab26nd<a href="/tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p>
7e68fce3cbd2246164e045a51ecd77f9f26680ednd</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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