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c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<title>Binding - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="/faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<div id="path">
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
3b3b7fc78d1f5bfc2769903375050048ff41ff26nd<div class="toplang">
ad74a0524a06bfe11b7de9e3b4ce7233ab3bd3f7nd<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
3b3b7fc78d1f5bfc2769903375050048ff41ff26nd<a href="/en/bind.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
3b3b7fc78d1f5bfc2769903375050048ff41ff26nd<a href="/fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<a href="/ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<a href="/ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a></p>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd</div>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd  </div>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<div class="section">
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    it listens to all addresses on the machine.  However, it needs to
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    directive tells the server to accept
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    incoming requests only on the specified port or
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    directive, the server
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    server will respond to requests from any of the listed
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    addresses and ports.</p>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    <div class="example"><p><code>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd      Listen 80<br />
3b3b7fc78d1f5bfc2769903375050048ff41ff26nd      Listen 8000
ad74a0524a06bfe11b7de9e3b4ce7233ab3bd3f7nd    </code></p></div>
3b3b7fc78d1f5bfc2769903375050048ff41ff26nd
35714556a25fceb7c9bf9c4e01791b2e2a4c27c3nd    <p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd    interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
c82fca6d3f5608b946f18d37e8710b1d71e3478dnd
    <div class="example"><p><code>
      Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
      Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
    </code></p></div>

    <p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
    following example:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      Listen [fe80::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
    </code></p></div>
  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>


    <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and APR supports
    IPv6 on most of these platforms, allowing Apache to allocate IPv6
    sockets and handle requests which were sent over IPv6.</p>

    <p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or
    not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
    connections.  Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
    IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
    platforms but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
    OpenBSD in order to match the system-wide policy on those
    platforms.  But even on systems where it is disallowed by default, a
    special <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
    for Apache.</p>

    <p>On the other hand, on some platforms such as Linux and Tru64 the
    <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
    mapped addresses. If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
    with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
    addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>

    <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms but
    FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was
    built.</p>

    <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
    what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
    <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
    following examples:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
      Listen 192.170.2.1:80
    </code></p></div>

    <p>If your platform supports it and you want Apache to handle IPv4 and
    IPv6  connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
    addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
    default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>


    <p> <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> does not implement
    Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
    main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
    <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
    directives are used, the server will behave
    the same for all accepted requests. However,
    <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
    can be used to specify a different behavior
    for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
    VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
    address and port to be used. Then a
    <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code> section
    should be created for a specified address and port to set the
    behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
    <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
    is set for an address and port that the
    server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
  </div></div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="/en/bind.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
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<a href="/ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="/ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a></p>
</div><div id="footer">
<p class="apache">Copyright 1999-2004 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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