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3f08db06526d6901aa08c110b5bc7dde6bc39905nd<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding to Addresses and Ports</h1>
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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654d8eb036bedc99e90e11910ee02d3421417697rbowen <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
6f7c18e70781deff3d1129774221de81b43c828end<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
30471a4650391f57975f60bbb6e4a90be7b284bfhumbedooh</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
c0c6c6e1fc6d75274623ec07b635725c5ffaaa20rbowen <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
57d0156f7bbd9ea3a72342cf9912aba61d118702rbowen the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
a166215fba9f76030a979c81f95becff52f5aeefrbowen it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
08e80ab3f88f4db0c0da038e00434a01e7ef061end <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
b1ced323143ade589985456a78f3f64d6a6580c5yoshiki directive tells the server to accept
59c15ce2922cf16717326159168f26f628345a82rbowen incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
57d0156f7bbd9ea3a72342cf9912aba61d118702rbowen address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
59c15ce2922cf16717326159168f26f628345a82rbowen If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
59c15ce2922cf16717326159168f26f628345a82rbowen on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
b442af56a5e2104663b84fb345c070ce185d4ab3slive specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
57d0156f7bbd9ea3a72342cf9912aba61d118702rbowen server will respond to requests from any of the listed
57d0156f7bbd9ea3a72342cf9912aba61d118702rbowen addresses and ports.</p>
57d0156f7bbd9ea3a72342cf9912aba61d118702rbowen <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
b6cd01430bade6f9b474f0fdb71ba69979e1f781nd <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 80
4aa603e6448b99f9371397d439795c91a93637eandListen 8000</pre>
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
38d7b435c9e47c1549c7ec5e899c9461548a228derikabele and port 8000 on another, use</p>
b6cd01430bade6f9b474f0fdb71ba69979e1f781nd <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.0.2.1:80
4aa603e6448b99f9371397d439795c91a93637eandListen 192.0.2.5:8000</pre>
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
b442af56a5e2104663b84fb345c070ce185d4ab3slive following example:</p>
b6cd01430bade6f9b474f0fdb71ba69979e1f781nd <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80</pre>
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
a166215fba9f76030a979c81f95becff52f5aeefrbowen fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>
b6cd01430bade6f9b474f0fdb71ba69979e1f781nd (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
f678adb3842180a9faeb80b11450e6105a282b51rbowen <p>See <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/CouldNotBindToAddress">the
f678adb3842180a9faeb80b11450e6105a282b51rbowen discussion in the wiki</a> for further troubleshooting tips.</p>
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
20189240503ef2c8f5dc6e2248b57faab4b23b5and <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem over IPv6.</p>
c0c6c6e1fc6d75274623ec07b635725c5ffaaa20rbowen <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim special <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
c0c6c6e1fc6d75274623ec07b635725c5ffaaa20rbowen for httpd.</p>
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
35618dd145853155d4c7b1d0d6391707315f957ekess following examples:</p>
b6cd01430bade6f9b474f0fdb71ba69979e1f781nd <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 0.0.0.0:80
4aa603e6448b99f9371397d439795c91a93637eandListen 192.0.2.1:80</pre>
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="/programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
9bcfc3697a91b5215893a7d0206865b13fc72148nd default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
6f7c18e70781deff3d1129774221de81b43c828end<h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>
6f7c18e70781deff3d1129774221de81b43c828end <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf is not required for most
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The
6f7c18e70781deff3d1129774221de81b43c828end protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
6f7c18e70781deff3d1129774221de81b43c828end <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
6f7c18e70781deff3d1129774221de81b43c828end ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>
b6cd01430bade6f9b474f0fdb71ba69979e1f781nd <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https</pre>
6f7c18e70781deff3d1129774221de81b43c828end </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
5a58787efeb02a1c3f06569d019ad81fd2efa06end<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
9a58dc6a2b26ec128b1270cf48810e705f1a90dbsf <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
b1ced323143ade589985456a78f3f64d6a6580c5yoshiki directives are used, the server will behave
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
b1ced323143ade589985456a78f3f64d6a6580c5yoshiki can be used to specify a different behavior
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
57d0156f7bbd9ea3a72342cf9912aba61d118702rbowen VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
b1ced323143ade589985456a78f3f64d6a6580c5yoshiki address and port to be used. Then a
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
bf380c59be3f235bde21f1c00098e09e3cf7e7aerpluem should be created for the specified address and port to set the
57d0156f7bbd9ea3a72342cf9912aba61d118702rbowen behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
b1ced323143ade589985456a78f3f64d6a6580c5yoshiki is set for an address and port that the
57d0156f7bbd9ea3a72342cf9912aba61d118702rbowen server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim<a href="/en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> |
7add1372edb1ee95a2c4d1314df4c7567bda7c62jim<a href="/fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> |
7f5b59ccc63c0c0e3e678a168f09ee6a2f51f9d0nd<a href="/ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
fac8c35bfb158112226ab43ddf84d59daca5dc30nd<a href="/ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
f086b4b402fa9a2fefc7dda85de2a3cc1cd0a654rjung<a href="/tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p>
727872d18412fc021f03969b8641810d8896820bhumbedooh</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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205f749042ed530040a4f0080dbcb47ceae8a374rjung<p class="apache">Copyright 2015 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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