ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu{- |

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae BungiuModule : $Header$

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae BungiuDescription : Grothendieck logic (flattening of logic graph to a single logic)

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae BungiuCopyright : (c) Till Mossakowski, and Uni Bremen 2002-2006

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae BungiuLicense : similar to LGPL, see HetCATS/LICENSE.txt or LIZENZ.txt

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae BungiuMaintainer : till@informatik.uni-bremen.de

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae BungiuStability : provisional

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae BungiuPortability : non-portable (overlapping instances, dynamics, existentials)

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu

c038fcf2030a6cfac7a261dee48a9eb29edb78eaFelix Gabriel ManceGrothendieck logic (flattening of logic graph to a single logic)

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu

ed1b8e97e72b2e3e92edaf2eb22a4b5373d705f1Felix Gabriel ManceThe Grothendieck logic is defined to be the

c038fcf2030a6cfac7a261dee48a9eb29edb78eaFelix Gabriel Mance heterogeneous logic over the logic graph.

c038fcf2030a6cfac7a261dee48a9eb29edb78eaFelix Gabriel Mance This will be the logic over which the data

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu structures and algorithms for specification in-the-large

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu are built.

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu This module heavily works with existential types, see

8d246de26958f1e8c35714b260b9d85c933c060aFrancisc Nicolae Bungiu <http://haskell.org/hawiki/ExistentialTypes> and chapter 7 of /Heterogeneous

ed1b8e97e72b2e3e92edaf2eb22a4b5373d705f1Felix Gabriel Mance specification and the heterogeneous tool set/

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu (<http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~till/papers/habil.ps>).

c038fcf2030a6cfac7a261dee48a9eb29edb78eaFelix Gabriel Mance

c038fcf2030a6cfac7a261dee48a9eb29edb78eaFelix Gabriel Mance References:

8d246de26958f1e8c35714b260b9d85c933c060aFrancisc Nicolae Bungiu

8d246de26958f1e8c35714b260b9d85c933c060aFrancisc Nicolae Bungiu R. Diaconescu:

6995877e4e201fcf8bb936066da2d259aed7c008Felix Gabriel Mance Grothendieck institutions

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu J. applied categorical structures 10, 2002, p. 383-402.

c4076ff1721f8901a30e4b7aa004479ecb2631e0Felix Gabriel Mance

c4076ff1721f8901a30e4b7aa004479ecb2631e0Felix Gabriel Mance T. Mossakowski:

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu Comorphism-based Grothendieck institutions.

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu In K. Diks, W. Rytter (Eds.), Mathematical foundations of computer science,

c4076ff1721f8901a30e4b7aa004479ecb2631e0Felix Gabriel Mance LNCS 2420, pp. 593-604

ccb84c1cb43fb0ed70c5bf2d364e671820473ed5Francisc Nicolae Bungiu

dda7065c0c0f383558d7d4e8072969c8c41a8ed7Francisc Nicolae Bungiu T. Mossakowski:

8e1b180fc839e96d7a4f1f63dfc563c75139c683Francisc Nicolae Bungiu Heterogeneous specification and the heterogeneous tool set.

e5ea4eeaeefd3521ae3475719e18c96cf91637d5Felix Gabriel Mance-}

8e1b180fc839e96d7a4f1f63dfc563c75139c683Francisc Nicolae Bungiu

c4076ff1721f8901a30e4b7aa004479ecb2631e0Felix Gabriel Mancemodule Logic.Grothendieck

dda7065c0c0f383558d7d4e8072969c8c41a8ed7Francisc Nicolae Bungiu ( G_basic_spec (..)

e5ea4eeaeefd3521ae3475719e18c96cf91637d5Felix Gabriel Mance , G_sign (..)

e5ea4eeaeefd3521ae3475719e18c96cf91637d5Felix Gabriel Mance , SigId(..)

e5ea4eeaeefd3521ae3475719e18c96cf91637d5Felix Gabriel Mance , startSigId

dda7065c0c0f383558d7d4e8072969c8c41a8ed7Francisc Nicolae Bungiu , isHomSubGsign

ed1b8e97e72b2e3e92edaf2eb22a4b5373d705f1Felix Gabriel Mance , isSubGsign

c4076ff1721f8901a30e4b7aa004479ecb2631e0Felix Gabriel Mance , langNameSig

c4076ff1721f8901a30e4b7aa004479ecb2631e0Felix Gabriel Mance , G_symbol (..)

, G_symb_items_list (..)

, G_symb_map_items_list (..)

, G_sublogics (..)

, isProperSublogic

, joinSublogics

, G_morphism (..)

, MorId(..)

, startMorId

, mkG_morphism

, lessSublogicComor

, LogicGraph (..)

, emptyLogicGraph

, lookupLogic

, lookupCurrentLogic

, lookupCompComorphism

, lookupComorphism

, lookupModification

, GMorphism (..)

, isHomogeneous

, isHomInclusion

, Grothendieck (..)

, gEmbed

, gEmbed2

, gEmbedComorphism

, gsigUnion

, gsigManyUnion

, homogeneousMorManyUnion

, logicInclusion

, logicUnion

, updateMorIndex

, toG_morphism

, gSigCoerce

, ginclusion

, compInclusion

, findComorphismPaths

, findComorphism

, isTransportable

, Square (..)

, LaxTriangle (..)

, mkIdSquare

, mkDefSquare

, mirrorSquare

, lookupSquare

) where

import Logic.Coerce

import Logic.Comorphism

import Logic.ExtSign

import Logic.Logic

import Logic.Modification

import Logic.Morphism

import ATerm.Lib

import Common.Doc

import Common.DocUtils

import Common.ExtSign

import Common.Id

import Common.Lexer

import Common.Result

import Common.Token

import Common.Utils

import Control.Monad (foldM)

import Data.Maybe (mapMaybe)

import Data.Typeable

import qualified Data.Map as Map

import qualified Data.Set as Set

import Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec (Parser, try, parse, eof, string, (<|>))

-- for looking up modifications

-- * \"Grothendieck\" versions of the various parts of type class Logic

-- | Grothendieck basic specifications

data G_basic_spec = forall lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree .

Logic lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree =>

G_basic_spec lid basic_spec

deriving Typeable

instance Show G_basic_spec where

show (G_basic_spec _ s) = show s

instance Pretty G_basic_spec where

pretty (G_basic_spec _ s) = pretty s

instance GetRange G_basic_spec

-- | index for signatures

newtype SigId = SigId Int

deriving (Typeable, Show, Eq, Ord, Enum, ShATermConvertible)

startSigId :: SigId

startSigId = SigId 0

{- | Grothendieck signatures with an lookup index. Zero indices

indicate unknown ones. It would be nice to have special (may be

negative) indices for empty signatures (one for every logic). -}

data G_sign = forall lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree .

Logic lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree => G_sign

{ gSignLogic :: lid

, gSign :: ExtSign sign symbol

, gSignSelfIdx :: SigId -- ^ index to lookup this 'G_sign' in sign map

} deriving Typeable

instance Eq G_sign where

a == b = compare a b == EQ

instance Ord G_sign where

compare (G_sign l1 sigma1 s1) (G_sign l2 sigma2 s2) =

if s1 > startSigId && s2 > startSigId && s1 == s2 then EQ else

case compare (language_name l1) $ language_name l2 of

EQ -> compare (coerceSign l1 l2 "Eq G_sign" sigma1) $ Just sigma2

r -> r

-- | prefer a faster subsignature test if possible

isHomSubGsign :: G_sign -> G_sign -> Bool

isHomSubGsign (G_sign l1 sigma1 s1) (G_sign l2 sigma2 s2) =

(s1 > startSigId && s2 > startSigId && s1 == s2) ||

maybe False (ext_is_subsig l1 sigma1)

(coerceSign l2 l1 "isHomSubGsign" sigma2)

isSubGsign :: LogicGraph -> G_sign -> G_sign -> Bool

isSubGsign lg (G_sign lid1 (ExtSign sigma1 _) _)

(G_sign lid2 (ExtSign sigma2 _) _) =

Just True ==

do Comorphism cid <- resultToMaybe $

logicInclusion lg (Logic lid1) (Logic lid2)

sigma1' <- coercePlainSign lid1 (sourceLogic cid)

"Grothendieck.isSubGsign: cannot happen" sigma1

sigma2' <- coercePlainSign lid2 (targetLogic cid)

"Grothendieck.isSubGsign: cannot happen" sigma2

sigma1t <- resultToMaybe $ map_sign cid sigma1'

return $ is_subsig (targetLogic cid) (fst sigma1t) sigma2'

instance Show G_sign where

show (G_sign _ s _) = show s

instance Pretty G_sign where

pretty (G_sign _ (ExtSign s _) _) = pretty s

langNameSig :: G_sign -> String

langNameSig (G_sign lid _ _) = language_name lid

-- | Grothendieck symbols

data G_symbol = forall lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree .

Logic lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree =>

G_symbol lid symbol

deriving Typeable

instance Show G_symbol where

show (G_symbol _ s) = show s

instance Pretty G_symbol where

pretty (G_symbol _ s) = pretty s

instance Eq G_symbol where

a == b = compare a b == EQ

instance Ord G_symbol where

compare (G_symbol l1 s1) (G_symbol l2 s2) =

case compare (language_name l1) $ language_name l2 of

EQ -> compare (coerceSymbol l1 l2 s1) s2

r -> r

-- | Grothendieck symbol lists

data G_symb_items_list = forall lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree .

Logic lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree =>

G_symb_items_list lid [symb_items]

deriving Typeable

instance GetRange G_symb_items_list

instance Show G_symb_items_list where

show (G_symb_items_list _ l) = show l

instance Pretty G_symb_items_list where

pretty (G_symb_items_list _ l) = ppWithCommas l

instance Eq G_symb_items_list where

(G_symb_items_list i1 s1) == (G_symb_items_list i2 s2) =

coerceSymbItemsList i1 i2 "Eq G_symb_items_list" s1 == Just s2

-- | Grothendieck symbol maps

data G_symb_map_items_list = forall lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree .

Logic lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree =>

G_symb_map_items_list lid [symb_map_items]

deriving Typeable

instance GetRange G_symb_map_items_list

instance Show G_symb_map_items_list where

show (G_symb_map_items_list _ l) = show l

instance Pretty G_symb_map_items_list where

pretty (G_symb_map_items_list _ l) = ppWithCommas l

instance Eq G_symb_map_items_list where

(G_symb_map_items_list i1 s1) == (G_symb_map_items_list i2 s2) =

coerceSymbMapItemsList i1 i2 "Eq G_symb_map_items_list" s1 == Just s2

-- | Grothendieck sublogics

data G_sublogics = forall lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree .

Logic lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree =>

G_sublogics lid sublogics

deriving Typeable

instance Show G_sublogics where

show (G_sublogics lid sub) = language_name lid ++ case sublogicName sub of

[] -> ""

h -> '.' : h

instance Eq G_sublogics where

g1 == g2 = compare g1 g2 == EQ

instance Ord G_sublogics where

compare (G_sublogics lid1 l1) (G_sublogics lid2 l2) =

case compare (language_name lid1) $ language_name lid2 of

EQ -> compare (forceCoerceSublogic lid1 lid2 l1) l2

r -> r

isProperSublogic :: G_sublogics -> G_sublogics -> Bool

isProperSublogic a@(G_sublogics lid1 l1) b@(G_sublogics lid2 l2) =

isSubElem (forceCoerceSublogic lid1 lid2 l1) l2 && a /= b

joinSublogics :: G_sublogics -> G_sublogics -> Maybe G_sublogics

joinSublogics (G_sublogics lid1 l1) (G_sublogics lid2 l2) =

case coerceSublogic lid1 lid2 "coerce Sublogic" l1 of

Just sl -> Just (G_sublogics lid2 (join sl l2))

Nothing -> Nothing

-- | index for morphisms

newtype MorId = MorId Int

deriving (Typeable, Show, Eq, Ord, Enum, ShATermConvertible)

startMorId :: MorId

startMorId = MorId 0

{- | Homogeneous Grothendieck signature morphisms with indices. For

the domain index it would be nice it showed also the emptiness. -}

data G_morphism = forall lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree .

Logic lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree => G_morphism

{ gMorphismLogic :: lid

, gMorphism :: morphism

, gMorphismSelfIdx :: MorId -- ^ lookup index in morphism map

} deriving Typeable

instance Show G_morphism where

show (G_morphism _ m _) = show m

instance Pretty G_morphism where

pretty (G_morphism _ m _) = pretty m

mkG_morphism :: forall lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree .

Logic lid sublogics

basic_spec sentence symb_items symb_map_items

sign morphism symbol raw_symbol proof_tree

=> lid -> morphism -> G_morphism

mkG_morphism l m = G_morphism l m startMorId

-- | check if sublogic fits for comorphism

lessSublogicComor :: G_sublogics -> AnyComorphism -> Bool

lessSublogicComor (G_sublogics lid1 sub1) (Comorphism cid) =

let lid2 = sourceLogic cid

in language_name lid2 == language_name lid1

&& isSubElem (forceCoerceSublogic lid1 lid2 sub1) (sourceSublogic cid)

-- | Logic graph

data LogicGraph = LogicGraph

{ logics :: Map.Map String AnyLogic

, currentLogic :: String

, comorphisms :: Map.Map String AnyComorphism

, inclusions :: Map.Map (String, String) AnyComorphism

, unions :: Map.Map (String, String) (AnyComorphism, AnyComorphism)

, morphisms :: Map.Map String AnyMorphism

, modifications :: Map.Map String AnyModification

, squares :: Map.Map (AnyComorphism, AnyComorphism) [Square]

, qTATranslations:: Map.Map String AnyComorphism

} deriving Show

emptyLogicGraph :: LogicGraph

emptyLogicGraph = LogicGraph

{ logics = Map.empty

, currentLogic = "CASL"

, comorphisms = Map.empty

, inclusions = Map.empty

, unions = Map.empty

, morphisms = Map.empty

, modifications = Map.empty

, squares = Map.empty

, qTATranslations = Map.empty }

instance Pretty LogicGraph where

pretty lg = text ("current logic is: " ++ currentLogic lg)

$+$ text "all logics:"

$+$ sepByCommas (map text $ Map.keys $ logics lg)

$+$ text "comorphism inclusions:"

$+$ vcat (map pretty $ Map.elems $ inclusions lg)

$+$ text "all comorphisms:"

$+$ vcat (map pretty $ Map.elems $ comorphisms lg)

-- | find a logic in a logic graph

lookupLogic :: Monad m => String -> String -> LogicGraph -> m AnyLogic

lookupLogic error_prefix logname logicGraph =

case Map.lookup logname $ logics logicGraph of

Nothing -> fail $ error_prefix ++" in LogicGraph logic \""

++ logname ++ "\" unknown"

Just lid -> return lid

lookupCurrentLogic :: Monad m => String -> LogicGraph -> m AnyLogic

lookupCurrentLogic msg lg = lookupLogic msg (currentLogic lg) lg

-- | union to two logics

logicUnion :: LogicGraph -> AnyLogic -> AnyLogic

-> Result (AnyComorphism, AnyComorphism)

logicUnion lg l1@(Logic lid1) l2@(Logic lid2) =

case logicInclusion lg l1 l2 of

Result _ (Just c) -> return (c,idComorphism l2)

_ -> case logicInclusion lg l2 l1 of

Result _ (Just c) -> return (idComorphism l1,c)

_ -> case Map.lookup (ln1,ln2) (unions lg) of

Just u -> return u

Nothing -> case Map.lookup (ln2,ln1) (unions lg) of

Just (c2,c1) -> return (c1,c2)

Nothing -> fail $ "Union of logics " ++ ln1 ++

" and " ++ ln2 ++ " does not exist"

where ln1 = language_name lid1

ln2 = language_name lid2

-- | find a comorphism composition in a logic graph

lookupCompComorphism :: Monad m => [String] -> LogicGraph -> m AnyComorphism

lookupCompComorphism nameList logicGraph = do

cs <- mapM lookupN nameList

case cs of

c:cs1 -> foldM compComorphism c cs1

_ -> fail "Illegal empty comorphism composition"

where

lookupN name =

case name of

'i':'d':'_':logic -> do

let (mainLogic, subLogicD) = span (/= '.') logic

--subLogicD will begin with a . which has to be removed

sublogic <- if null subLogicD

then fail $ "missing sublogic for " ++ logic

else return $ tail subLogicD

Logic lid <- maybe (fail ("Cannot find Logic " ++ mainLogic)) return

$ Map.lookup mainLogic (logics logicGraph)

case filter (\ s -> sublogic == sublogicName s)

$ all_sublogics lid of

[] -> fail $ "unknown sublogic name " ++ sublogic

s : _ -> return $ Comorphism $ mkIdComorphism lid s

_ -> maybe (fail ("Cannot find logic comorphism " ++ name)) return

$ Map.lookup name (comorphisms logicGraph)

-- | find a comorphism in a logic graph

lookupComorphism :: Monad m => String -> LogicGraph -> m AnyComorphism

lookupComorphism= lookupCompComorphism . splitOn ';'

-- | find a modification in a logic graph

lookupModification :: (Monad m) => String -> LogicGraph -> m AnyModification

lookupModification input lG

= case parse (parseModif lG << eof) "" input of

Left err -> fail $ show err

Right x -> x

parseModif :: (Monad m) => LogicGraph -> Parser (m AnyModification)

parseModif lG = do

(xs, _) <- separatedBy (vertcomp lG) crossT

let r = do y <- sequence xs

case y of

m:ms -> return $ foldM horCompModification m ms

_ -> Nothing

case r of

Nothing -> fail "Illegal empty horizontal composition"

Just m -> return m

vertcomp :: (Monad m) => LogicGraph -> Parser (m AnyModification)

vertcomp lG = do

(xs, _) <- separatedBy (pm lG) semiT

let r = do

y <- sequence xs

case y of

m:ms -> return $ foldM vertCompModification m ms

_ -> Nothing

--r has type Maybe (m AnyModification)

case r of

Nothing -> fail "Illegal empty vertical composition"

Just m -> return m

pm :: (Monad m) => LogicGraph -> Parser (m AnyModification)

pm lG = parseName lG <|> bracks lG

bracks :: (Monad m) => LogicGraph -> Parser (m AnyModification)

bracks lG = do

oParenT

modif <- parseModif lG

cParenT

return modif

parseIdentity :: (Monad m) => LogicGraph -> Parser (m AnyModification)

parseIdentity lG = do

try (string "id_")

tok <- simpleId

let name = tokStr tok

case Map.lookup name (comorphisms lG) of

Nothing -> fail $ "Cannot find comorphism" ++ name

Just x -> return $ return $ idModification x

parseName :: (Monad m) => LogicGraph -> Parser (m AnyModification)

parseName lG = parseIdentity lG <|> do

tok <- simpleId

let name = tokStr tok

case Map.lookup name (modifications lG) of

Nothing -> fail $ "Cannot find modification" ++ name

Just x -> return $ return x

-- * The Grothendieck signature category

-- | Grothendieck signature morphisms with indices

data GMorphism = forall cid lid1 sublogics1

basic_spec1 sentence1 symb_items1 symb_map_items1

sign1 morphism1 symbol1 raw_symbol1 proof_tree1

lid2 sublogics2

basic_spec2 sentence2 symb_items2 symb_map_items2

sign2 morphism2 symbol2 raw_symbol2 proof_tree2 .

Comorphism cid

lid1 sublogics1 basic_spec1 sentence1

symb_items1 symb_map_items1

sign1 morphism1 symbol1 raw_symbol1 proof_tree1

lid2 sublogics2 basic_spec2 sentence2

symb_items2 symb_map_items2

sign2 morphism2 symbol2 raw_symbol2 proof_tree2 => GMorphism

{ gMorphismComor :: cid

, gMorphismSign :: ExtSign sign1 symbol1

, gMorphismSignIdx :: SigId -- ^ 'G_sign' index of source signature

, gMorphismMor :: morphism2

, gMorphismMorIdx :: MorId -- ^ `G_morphism index of target morphism

} deriving Typeable

instance Eq GMorphism where

a == b = compare a b == EQ

instance Ord GMorphism where

compare (GMorphism cid1 sigma1 in1 mor1 in1')

(GMorphism cid2 sigma2 in2 mor2 in2') =

case compare (Comorphism cid1, G_sign (sourceLogic cid1) sigma1 in1)

(Comorphism cid2, G_sign (sourceLogic cid2) sigma2 in2) of

EQ -> if in1' > startMorId && in2' > startMorId && in1' == in2'

then EQ else

compare (coerceMorphism (targetLogic cid1) (targetLogic cid2)

"Ord GMorphism.coerceMorphism" mor1) (Just mor2)

-- this coersion will succeed, because cid1 and cid2 are equal

r -> r

isHomogeneous :: GMorphism -> Bool

isHomogeneous (GMorphism cid _ _ _ _) =

isIdComorphism (Comorphism cid)

isHomInclusion :: GMorphism -> Bool

isHomInclusion gm@(GMorphism _ _ _ mor _) =

isHomogeneous gm && isInclusion mor

data Grothendieck = Grothendieck deriving (Typeable, Show)

instance Language Grothendieck

instance Show GMorphism where

show (GMorphism cid s _ m _) =

show (Comorphism cid) ++ "(" ++ show s ++ ")" ++ show m

instance Pretty GMorphism where

pretty (GMorphism cid (ExtSign s _) _ m _) = let c = Comorphism cid in fsep

[ text $ show c

, if isIdComorphism c then empty else specBraces $ space <> pretty s

, pretty m ]

-- signature category of the Grothendieck institution

instance Category G_sign GMorphism where

ide (G_sign lid sigma@(ExtSign s _) ind) =

GMorphism (mkIdComorphism lid (top_sublogic lid))

sigma ind (ide s) startMorId

-- composition of Grothendieck signature morphisms

composeMorphisms (GMorphism r1 sigma1 ind1 mor1 _)

(GMorphism r2 _sigma2 _ mor2 _) =

do let lid1 = sourceLogic r1

lid2 = targetLogic r1

lid3 = sourceLogic r2

lid4 = targetLogic r2

-- if the second comorphism is the identity then simplify immediately

if isIdComorphism (Comorphism r2) then do

mor2' <- coerceMorphism lid4 lid2 "Grothendieck.comp" mor2

mor' <- composeMorphisms mor1 mor2'

return (GMorphism r1 sigma1 ind1 mor' startMorId)

else do

-- coercion between target of first and

-- source of second Grothendieck morphism

mor1' <- coerceMorphism lid2 lid3 "Grothendieck.comp" mor1

-- map signature morphism component of first Grothendieck morphism

-- along the comorphism component of the second one ...

mor1'' <- map_morphism r2 mor1'

-- and then compose the result with the signature morphism component

-- of first one

mor <- composeMorphisms mor1'' mor2

-- also if the first comorphism is the identity...

if isIdComorphism (Comorphism r1) &&

case coerceSublogic lid2 lid3 "Grothendieck.comp"

(targetSublogic r1) of

Just sl1 -> maybe (error ("Logic.Grothendieck: Category "++

"instance.comp: no mapping for " ++

show sl1))

(isSubElem (targetSublogic r2))

(mapSublogic r2 sl1)

_ -> False

-- ... then things simplify ...

then do

sigma1' <- coerceSign lid1 lid3 "Grothendieck.comp" sigma1

return (GMorphism r2 sigma1' ind1 mor startMorId)

else return $ GMorphism (CompComorphism r1 r2)

sigma1 ind1 mor startMorId

dom (GMorphism r sigma ind _mor _) =

G_sign (sourceLogic r) sigma ind

cod (GMorphism r (ExtSign _ sys) _ mor _) =

let lid1 = sourceLogic r

lid2 = targetLogic r

sig2 = cod mor

in case coerceSymbolSet lid1 lid2 "" sys of

Nothing -> G_sign lid2 (makeExtSign lid2 sig2) startSigId

Just sys2 -> G_sign lid2 (ExtSign sig2 $ Set.map (\ sy ->

Map.findWithDefault sy sy $ symmap_of lid2 mor) sys2) startSigId

legal_mor (GMorphism r (ExtSign s _) _ mor _) =

legal_mor mor &&

case maybeResult $ map_sign r s of

Just (sigma',_) -> sigma' == cod mor

Nothing -> False

-- | Embedding of homogeneous signature morphisms as Grothendieck sig mors

gEmbed2 :: G_sign -> G_morphism -> GMorphism

gEmbed2 (G_sign lid2 sig si) (G_morphism lid mor ind) =

let cid = mkIdComorphism lid (top_sublogic lid)

Just sig1 = coerceSign lid2 (sourceLogic cid) "gEmbed2" sig

in GMorphism cid sig1 si mor ind

-- | Embedding of homogeneous signature morphisms as Grothendieck sig mors

gEmbed :: G_morphism -> GMorphism

gEmbed (G_morphism lid mor ind) = let sig = dom mor in

GMorphism (mkIdComorphism lid (top_sublogic lid))

(makeExtSign lid sig) startSigId mor ind

-- | Embedding of comorphisms as Grothendieck sig mors

gEmbedComorphism :: AnyComorphism -> G_sign -> Result GMorphism

gEmbedComorphism (Comorphism cid) (G_sign lid sig ind) = do

sig'@(ExtSign s _) <- coerceSign lid (sourceLogic cid) "gEmbedComorphism" sig

(sigTar,_) <- map_sign cid s

return (GMorphism cid sig' ind (ide sigTar) startMorId)

-- | heterogeneous union of two Grothendieck signatures

gsigUnion :: LogicGraph -> G_sign -> G_sign -> Result G_sign

gsigUnion lg gsig1@(G_sign lid1 (ExtSign sigma1 _) _)

gsig2@(G_sign lid2 (ExtSign sigma2 _) _) =

if language_name lid1 == language_name lid2

then homogeneousGsigUnion gsig1 gsig2

else do

(Comorphism cid1, Comorphism cid2) <-

logicUnion lg (Logic lid1) (Logic lid2)

let lidS1 = sourceLogic cid1

lidS2 = sourceLogic cid2

lidT1 = targetLogic cid1

lidT2 = targetLogic cid2

sigma1' <- coercePlainSign lid1 lidS1 "Union of signaturesa" sigma1

sigma2' <- coercePlainSign lid2 lidS2 "Union of signaturesb" sigma2

(sigma1'',_) <- map_sign cid1 sigma1' -- where to put axioms???

(sigma2'',_) <- map_sign cid2 sigma2' -- where to put axioms???

sigma2''' <- coercePlainSign lidT2 lidT1 "Union of signaturesc" sigma2''

sigma3 <- signature_union lidT1 sigma1'' sigma2'''

return (G_sign lidT1 (makeExtSign lidT1 sigma3) startSigId)

-- | homogeneous Union of two Grothendieck signatures

homogeneousGsigUnion :: G_sign -> G_sign -> Result G_sign

homogeneousGsigUnion (G_sign lid1 sigma1 _) (G_sign lid2 sigma2 _) = do

sigma2' <- coerceSign lid2 lid1 "Union of signaturesd" sigma2

sigma3 <- ext_signature_union lid1 sigma1 sigma2'

return (G_sign lid1 sigma3 startSigId)

-- | union of a list of Grothendieck signatures

gsigManyUnion :: LogicGraph -> [G_sign] -> Result G_sign

gsigManyUnion _ [] =

fail "union of emtpy list of signatures"

gsigManyUnion lg (gsigma : gsigmas) =

foldM (gsigUnion lg) gsigma gsigmas

-- | homogeneous Union of a list of morphisms

homogeneousMorManyUnion :: [G_morphism] -> Result G_morphism

homogeneousMorManyUnion [] =

fail "homogeneous union of emtpy list of morphisms"

homogeneousMorManyUnion (gmor : gmors) =

foldM ( \ (G_morphism lid2 mor2 _) (G_morphism lid1 mor1 _) -> do

mor1' <- coerceMorphism lid1 lid2 "homogeneousMorManyUnion" mor1

mor <- morphism_union lid2 mor1' mor2

return (G_morphism lid2 mor startMorId)) gmor gmors

-- | inclusion between two logics

logicInclusion :: LogicGraph -> AnyLogic -> AnyLogic -> Result AnyComorphism

logicInclusion logicGraph l1@(Logic lid1) (Logic lid2) =

let ln1 = language_name lid1

ln2 = language_name lid2 in

if ln1==ln2 then

return (idComorphism l1)

else case Map.lookup (ln1,ln2) (inclusions logicGraph) of

Just (Comorphism i) ->

return (Comorphism i)

Nothing ->

fail ("No inclusion from "++ln1++" to "++ln2++" found")

updateMorIndex :: MorId -> GMorphism -> GMorphism

updateMorIndex i (GMorphism cid sign si mor _) = GMorphism cid sign si mor i

toG_morphism :: GMorphism -> G_morphism

toG_morphism (GMorphism cid _ _ mor i) = G_morphism (targetLogic cid) mor i

gSigCoerce :: LogicGraph -> G_sign -> AnyLogic

-> Result (G_sign, AnyComorphism)

gSigCoerce lg g@(G_sign lid1 sigma1 _) l2@(Logic lid2) =

if language_name lid1 == language_name lid2

then return (g, idComorphism l2) else do

cmor@(Comorphism i) <- logicInclusion lg (Logic lid1) l2

ExtSign sigma1' _ <-

coerceSign lid1 (sourceLogic i) "gSigCoerce of signature" sigma1

(sigma1'', _) <- map_sign i sigma1'

let lid = targetLogic i

return (G_sign lid (makeExtSign lid sigma1'') startSigId, cmor)

-- | inclusion morphism between two Grothendieck signatures

ginclusion :: LogicGraph -> G_sign -> G_sign -> Result GMorphism

ginclusion = inclusionAux True

inclusionAux :: Bool -> LogicGraph -> G_sign -> G_sign -> Result GMorphism

inclusionAux guard lg (G_sign lid1 sigma1 ind) (G_sign lid2 sigma2 _) = do

Comorphism i <- logicInclusion lg (Logic lid1) (Logic lid2)

ext1@(ExtSign sigma1' _) <-

coerceSign lid1 (sourceLogic i) "Inclusion of signatures" sigma1

(sigma1'',_) <- map_sign i sigma1'

ExtSign sigma2' _ <-

coerceSign lid2 (targetLogic i) "Inclusion of signatures" sigma2

mor <- (if guard then inclusion else subsig_inclusion)

(targetLogic i) sigma1'' sigma2'

return (GMorphism i ext1 ind mor startMorId)

genCompInclusion :: (G_sign -> G_sign -> Result GMorphism)

-> GMorphism -> GMorphism -> Result GMorphism

genCompInclusion f mor1 mor2 = do

let sigma1 = cod mor1

sigma2 = dom mor2

incl <- f sigma1 sigma2

mor <- composeMorphisms mor1 incl

composeMorphisms mor mor2

-- | Composition of two Grothendieck signature morphisms

-- | with itermediate inclusion

compInclusion :: LogicGraph -> GMorphism -> GMorphism -> Result GMorphism

compInclusion = genCompInclusion . inclusionAux False

-- | Find all (composites of) comorphisms starting from a given logic

findComorphismPaths :: LogicGraph -> G_sublogics -> [AnyComorphism]

findComorphismPaths lg (G_sublogics lid sub) =

nubOrd $ map fst $ iterateComp (0::Int) [(idc, [idc])]

where

idc = Comorphism (mkIdComorphism lid sub)

coMors = Map.elems $ comorphisms lg

-- compute possible compositions, but only up to depth 3

iterateComp n l =

if n > 1 || l == newL then newL else iterateComp (n + 1) newL

where

newL = nubOrd $ l ++ concatMap extend l

-- extend comorphism list in all directions, but no cylces

extend (coMor, cmps) =

let addCoMor c =

case compComorphism coMor c of

Nothing -> Nothing

Just c1 -> Just (c1, c : cmps)

in mapMaybe addCoMor $ filter (not . (`elem` cmps)) coMors

-- | finds first comorphism with a matching sublogic

findComorphism ::Monad m => G_sublogics -> [AnyComorphism] -> m AnyComorphism

findComorphism _ [] = fail "No matching comorphism found"

findComorphism gsl@(G_sublogics lid sub) (Comorphism cid : rest) =

let l2 = sourceLogic cid in

if language_name lid == language_name l2

&& isSubElem (forceCoerceSublogic lid l2 sub) (sourceSublogic cid)

then return $ Comorphism cid

else findComorphism gsl rest

-- | check transportability of Grothendieck signature morphisms

-- | (currently returns false for heterogeneous morphisms)

isTransportable :: GMorphism -> Bool

isTransportable (GMorphism cid _ ind1 mor ind2) =

ind1 > startSigId && ind2 > startMorId

&& isModelTransportable(Comorphism cid)

&& is_transportable (targetLogic cid) mor

-- * Lax triangles and weakly amalgamable squares of lax triangles

-- a lax triangle looks like:

-- laxTarget

-- i -------------------------------------> k

-- ^ laxModif

-- | |

-- i ------------- > j -------------------> k

-- laxFst laxSnd

--

-- and I_k is quasi-semi-exact

data LaxTriangle = LaxTriangle {

laxModif :: AnyModification,

laxFst, laxSnd, laxTarget :: AnyComorphism

} deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)

-- a weakly amalgamable square of lax triangles

-- consists of two lax triangles with the same laxTarget

data Square = Square {

leftTriangle, rightTriangle :: LaxTriangle

} deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)

-- for deriving Eq, first equality for modifications is needed

mkIdSquare :: AnyLogic -> Square

mkIdSquare (Logic lid) = let

idCom = Comorphism (mkIdComorphism lid (top_sublogic lid))

idMod = idModification idCom

idTriangle = LaxTriangle{

laxModif = idMod,

laxFst = idCom,

laxSnd = idCom,

laxTarget = idCom}

in Square{leftTriangle = idTriangle, rightTriangle = idTriangle}

mkDefSquare :: AnyComorphism -> Square

mkDefSquare c1@(Comorphism cid1) = let

idComS = Comorphism $ mkIdComorphism (sourceLogic cid1) $

top_sublogic $ sourceLogic cid1

idComT = Comorphism $ mkIdComorphism (targetLogic cid1) $

top_sublogic $ targetLogic cid1

idMod = idModification c1

lTriangle = LaxTriangle{

laxModif = idMod,

laxFst = c1,

laxSnd = idComS,

laxTarget = c1

}

rTriangle = LaxTriangle{

laxModif = idMod,

laxFst = idComT,

laxSnd = c1,

laxTarget = c1

}

in Square{leftTriangle = lTriangle, rightTriangle = rTriangle}

mirrorSquare :: Square -> Square

mirrorSquare s = Square{

leftTriangle = rightTriangle s,

rightTriangle = leftTriangle s}

lookupSquare :: AnyComorphism -> AnyComorphism -> LogicGraph -> Result [Square]

lookupSquare com1 com2 lg = maybe (fail "lookupSquare") return $ do

sqL1 <- Map.lookup (com1, com2) $ squares lg

sqL2 <- Map.lookup (com2, com1) $ squares lg

return $ nubOrd $ sqL1 ++ map mirrorSquare sqL2

-- maybe adjusted if comparing AnyModifications change