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<refentry id="man.dnssec-keygen">

<refentryinfo>

<date>June 30, 2000</date>

</refentryinfo>

<refmeta>

<refentrytitle><application>dnssec-keygen</application></refentrytitle>

<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

<refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>

</refmeta>

<refnamediv>

<refname><application>dnssec-keygen</application></refname>

<refpurpose>DNSSEC key generation tool</refpurpose>

</refnamediv>

<docinfo>

<copyright>

<year>2004</year>

<year>2005</year>

<year>2007</year>

<year>2008</year>

<year>2009</year>

<year>2010</year>

<year>2012</year>

<holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>

</copyright>

<copyright>

<year>2000</year>

<year>2001</year>

<year>2002</year>

<year>2003</year>

<holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>

</copyright>

</docinfo>

<refsynopsisdiv>

<cmdsynopsis>

<command>dnssec-keygen</command>

<arg choice="req">-a <replaceable class="parameter">algorithm</replaceable></arg>

<arg choice="req">-b <replaceable class="parameter">keysize</replaceable></arg>

<arg choice="req">-n <replaceable class="parameter">nametype</replaceable></arg>

<arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg><option>-e</option></arg>

<arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg><option>-g <replaceable class="parameter">generator</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg><option>-h</option></arg>

<arg><option>-k</option></arg>

<arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">protocol</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg><option>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg><option>-s <replaceable class="parameter">strength</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg><option>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg choice="req">name</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

</refsynopsisdiv>

<refsect1>

<title>DESCRIPTION</title>

<para><command>dnssec-keygen</command>

generates keys for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535

and RFC 4034. It can also generate keys for use with

TSIG (Transaction Signatures), as defined in RFC 2845.

</para>

<para>

The <option>name</option> of the key is specified on the command

line. For DNSSEC keys, this must match the name of the zone for

which the key is being generated.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>OPTIONS</title>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term>-a <replaceable class="parameter">algorithm</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Selects the cryptographic algorithm. For DNSSEC keys, the value

of <option>algorithm</option> must be one of RSAMD5, RSASHA1,

DSA, NSEC3RSASHA1, NSEC3DSA, RSASHA256 or RSASHA512.

For TSIG/TKEY, the value must

be DH (Diffie Hellman), HMAC-MD5, HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-SHA224,

HMAC-SHA256, HMAC-SHA384, or HMAC-SHA512. These values are

case insensitive.

</para>

<para>

Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement

algorithm, and DSA is recommended. For TSIG, HMAC-MD5 is

mandatory.

</para>

<para>

Note 2: HMAC-MD5 and DH automatically set the -k flag.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-b <replaceable class="parameter">keysize</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies the number of bits in the key. The choice of key

size depends on the algorithm used. RSA keys must be

between 512 and 2048 bits. Diffie Hellman keys must be between

128 and 4096 bits. DSA keys must be between 512 and 1024

bits and an exact multiple of 64. HMAC keys must be

between 1 and 512 bits.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">nametype</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of

<option>nametype</option> must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC

zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with

a host (KEY)),

USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY).

These values are case insensitive. Defaults to ZONE for DNSKEY

generation.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have

the specified class. If not specified, class IN is used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-e</term>

<listitem>

<para>

If generating an RSAMD5/RSASHA1 key, use a large exponent.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-f <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record.

The only recognized flag is KSK (Key Signing Key) DNSKEY.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-g <replaceable class="parameter">generator</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

If generating a Diffie Hellman key, use this generator.

Allowed values are 2 and 5. If no generator

is specified, a known prime from RFC 2539 will be used

if possible; otherwise the default is 2.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-h</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to

<command>dnssec-keygen</command>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-k</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">protocol</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the protocol value for the generated key. The protocol

is a number between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC).

Other possible values for this argument are listed in

RFC 2535 and its successors.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating

system does not provide a <filename>/dev/random</filename>

or equivalent device, the default source of randomness

is keyboard input. <filename>randomdev</filename>

specifies

the name of a character device or file containing random

data to be used instead of the default. The special value

<filename>keyboard</filename> indicates that keyboard

input should be used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-s <replaceable class="parameter">strength</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies the strength value of the key. The strength is

a number between 0 and 15, and currently has no defined

purpose in DNSSEC.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Indicates the use of the key. <option>type</option> must be

one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default

is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate

data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the debugging level.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>GENERATED KEYS</title>

<para>

When <command>dnssec-keygen</command> completes

successfully,

it prints a string of the form <filename>Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii</filename>

to the standard output. This is an identification string for

the key it has generated.

</para>

<itemizedlist>

<listitem>

<para><filename>nnnn</filename> is the key name.

</para>

</listitem>

<listitem>

<para><filename>aaa</filename> is the numeric representation

of the

algorithm.

</para>

</listitem>

<listitem>

<para><filename>iiiii</filename> is the key identifier (or

footprint).

</para>

</listitem>

</itemizedlist>

<para><command>dnssec-keygen</command>

creates two files, with names based

on the printed string. <filename>Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key</filename>

contains the public key, and

<filename>Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private</filename> contains the

private

key.

</para>

<para>

The <filename>.key</filename> file contains a DNS KEY record

that

can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE

statement).

</para>

<para>

The <filename>.private</filename> file contains

algorithm-specific

fields. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have

general read permission.

</para>

<para>

Both <filename>.key</filename> and <filename>.private</filename>

files are generated for symmetric encryption algorithms such as

HMAC-MD5, even though the public and private key are equivalent.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>EXAMPLE</title>

<para>

To generate a 768-bit DSA key for the domain

<userinput>example.com</userinput>, the following command would be

issued:

</para>

<para><userinput>dnssec-keygen -a DSA -b 768 -n ZONE example.com</userinput>

</para>

<para>

The command would print a string of the form:

</para>

<para><userinput>Kexample.com.+003+26160</userinput>

</para>

<para>

In this example, <command>dnssec-keygen</command> creates

the files <filename>Kexample.com.+003+26160.key</filename>

and

<filename>Kexample.com.+003+26160.private</filename>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>SEE ALSO</title>

<para><citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dnssec-signzone</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>,

<citetitle>RFC 2539</citetitle>,

<citetitle>RFC 2845</citetitle>,

<citetitle>RFC 4034</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>AUTHOR</title>

<para><corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry><!--