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72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<div class="refentry" lang="en">
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<a name="man.rndc"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<div class="refnamediv">
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<h2>Name</h2>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<p><span class="application">rndc</span> &#8212; name server control utility</p>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott</div>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<h2>Synopsis</h2>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc</code> [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-r</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em></code>] {command}</p></div>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott</div>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<a name="id2659721"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<p><span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott controls the operation of a name
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott server. It supersedes the <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> utility
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott that was provided in old BIND releases. If
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> is invoked with no command line
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott options or arguments, it prints a short summary of the
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott supported commands and the available options and their
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott arguments.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott </p>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<p><span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott communicates with the name server over a TCP connection, sending
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott commands authenticated with digital signatures. In the current
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott versions of
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>,
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott the only supported authentication algorithms are HMAC-MD5
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott (for compatibility), HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-SHA224, HMAC-SHA256
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott (default), HMAC-SHA384 and HMAC-SHA512.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott They use a shared secret on each end of the connection.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott This provides TSIG-style authentication for the command
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott request and the name server's response. All commands sent
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott over the channel must be signed by a key_id known to the
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott server.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott </p>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<p><span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott reads a configuration file to
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott determine how to contact the name server and decide what
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott algorithm and key it should use.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott </p>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott</div>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<a name="id2659771"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<div class="variablelist"><dl>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em></span></dt>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dd><p>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott Use <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott as the source address for the connection to the server.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott Multiple instances are permitted to allow setting of both
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott </p></dd>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dd><p>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott as the configuration file instead of the default,
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott <code class="filename">/etc/rndc.conf</code>.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott </p></dd>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key-file</code></em></span></dt>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dd><p>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott Use <em class="replaceable"><code>key-file</code></em>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott as the key file instead of the default,
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott <code class="filename">/etc/rndc.key</code>. The key in
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott <code class="filename">/etc/rndc.key</code> will be used to
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott authenticate
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott commands sent to the server if the <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott does not exist.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott </p></dd>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em></span></dt>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dd><p><em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em> is
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott the name or address of the server which matches a
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott server statement in the configuration file for
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>. If no server is supplied on the
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott command line, the host named by the default-server clause
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott in the options statement of the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott configuration file will be used.
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott </p></dd>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott<dd><p>
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott Send commands to TCP port
72450cb9c2ca854c6d3479832c2738196c1d3282Robert Wapshott <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>
instead
of BIND 9's default control channel port, 953.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-q</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Quiet mode: Message text returned by the server
will not be printed except when there is an error.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-r</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Instructs <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> to print the result code
returned by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> after executing the
requested command (e.g., ISC_R_SUCCESS, ISC_R_FAILURE, etc).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Enable verbose logging.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use the key <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>
from the configuration file.
<em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>
must be
known by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> with the same algorithm and secret string
in order for control message validation to succeed.
If no <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>
is specified, <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> will first look
for a key clause in the server statement of the server
being used, or if no server statement is present for that
host, then the default-key clause of the options statement.
Note that the configuration file contains shared secrets
which are used to send authenticated control commands
to name servers. It should therefore not have general read
or write access.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2661799"></a><h2>COMMANDS</h2>
<p>
A list of commands supported by <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> can
be seen by running <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> without arguments.
</p>
<p>
Currently supported commands are:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>addzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>configuration</code></em> </code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Add a zone while the server is running. This
command requires the
<span><strong class="command">allow-new-zones</strong></span> option to be set
to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>. The
<em class="replaceable"><code>configuration</code></em> string
specified on the command line is the zone
configuration text that would ordinarily be
placed in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
</p>
<p>
The configuration is saved in a file called
<code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>.nzf</code>,
where <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> is the
name of the view, or if it contains characters
that are incompatible with use as a file name, a
cryptographic hash generated from the name
of the view.
When <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
restarted, the file will be loaded into the view
configuration, so that zones that were added
can persist after a restart.
</p>
<p>
This sample <span><strong class="command">addzone</strong></span> command
would add the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code>
to the default view:
</p>
<p>
<code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>rndc addzone example.com '{ type master; file "example.com.db"; };'</code></strong>
</p>
<p>
(Note the brackets and semi-colon around the zone
configuration text.)
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc delzone</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">rndc modzone</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>delzone [<span class="optional">-clean</span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>] </code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Delete a zone while the server is running.
</p>
<p>
If the <code class="option">-clean</code> argument is specified,
the zone's master file (and journal file, if any)
will be deleted along with the zone. Without the
<code class="option">-clean</code> option, zone files must
be cleaned up by hand. (If the zone is of
type "slave" or "stub", the files needing to
be cleaned up will be reported in the output
of the <span><strong class="command">rndc delzone</strong></span> command.)
</p>
<p>
If the zone was originally added via
<span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>, then it will be
removed permanently. However, if it was originally
configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, then
that original configuration is still in place; when
the server is restarted or reconfigured, the zone will
come back. To remove it permanently, it must also be
removed from <code class="filename">named.conf</code>
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">rndc modzone</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>dumpdb [<span class="optional">-all|-cache|-zone</span>] [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Dump the server's caches (default) and/or zones to
the
dump file for the specified views. If no view is
specified, all
views are dumped.
(See the <span><strong class="command">dump-file</strong></span> option in
the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flush</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Flushes the server's cache.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flushname</code></strong> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>] </span></dt>
<dd><p>
Flushes the given name from the view's DNS cache
and, if applicable, from the view's nameserver address
database, bad server cache and SERVFAIL cache.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flushtree</code></strong> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>] </span></dt>
<dd><p>
Flushes the given name, and all of its subdomains,
from the view's DNS cache, address database,
bad server cache, and SERVFAIL cache.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>freeze [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Suspend updates to a dynamic zone. If no zone is
specified, then all zones are suspended. This allows
manual edits to be made to a zone normally updated by
dynamic update. It also causes changes in the
journal file to be synced into the master file.
All dynamic update attempts will be refused while
the zone is frozen.
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc thaw</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>halt [<span class="optional">-p</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Stop the server immediately. Recent changes
made through dynamic update or IXFR are not saved to
the master files, but will be rolled forward from the
journal files when the server is restarted.
If <code class="option">-p</code> is specified <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s process id is returned.
This allows an external process to determine when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
had completed halting.
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc stop</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>loadkeys <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone
from the key directory. If they are within
their publication period, merge them into the
zone's DNSKEY RRset. Unlike <span><strong class="command">rndc
sign</strong></span>, however, the zone is not
immediately re-signed by the new keys, but is
allowed to incrementally re-sign over time.
</p>
<p>
This command requires that the
<span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span> zone option
be set to <code class="literal">maintain</code>,
and also requires the zone to be configured to
allow dynamic DNS.
(See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the Administrator
Reference Manual for more details.)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>managed-keys <em class="replaceable"><code>(status | refresh | sync)</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When run with the "status" keyword, print the current
status of the managed-keys database for the specified
view, or for all views if none is specified. When run
with the "refresh" keyword, force an immediate refresh
of all the managed-keys in the specified view, or all
views. When run with the "sync" keyword, force an
immediate dump of the managed-keys database to disk (in
the file <code class="filename">managed-keys.bind</code> or
(<code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>viewname</code></em>.mkeys</code>).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>modzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>configuration</code></em> </code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Modify the configuration of a zone while the server
is running. This command requires the
<span><strong class="command">allow-new-zones</strong></span> option to be
set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>. As with
<span><strong class="command">addzone</strong></span>, the
<em class="replaceable"><code>configuration</code></em> string
specified on the command line is the zone
configuration text that would ordinarily be
placed in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
</p>
<p>
If the zone was originally added via
<span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>, the configuration
changes will be recorded permanently and will still be
in effect after the server is restarted or reconfigured.
However, if it was originally configured in
<code class="filename">named.conf</code>, then that original
configuration is still in place; when the server is
restarted or reconfigured, the zone will revert to
its original configuration. To make the changes
permanent, it must also be modified in
<code class="filename">named.conf</code>
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">rndc delzone</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>notify <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Resend NOTIFY messages for the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>notrace</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Sets the server's debugging level to 0.
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc trace</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>nta
[<span class="optional">( -d | -f | -r | -l <em class="replaceable"><code>duration</code></em>)</span>]
<em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em>
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]
</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Sets a DNSSEC negative trust anchor (NTA)
for <code class="option">domain</code>, with a lifetime of
<code class="option">duration</code>. The default lifetime is
configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code> via the
<code class="option">nta-lifetime</code> option, and defaults to
one hour. The lifetime cannot exceed one week.
</p>
<p>
A negative trust anchor selectively disables
DNSSEC validation for zones that are known to be
failing because of misconfiguration rather than
an attack. When data to be validated is
at or below an active NTA (and above any other
configured trust anchors), <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
abort the DNSSEC validation process and treat the data as
insecure rather than bogus. This continues until the
NTA's lifetime is elapsed.
</p>
<p>
NTAs persist across restarts of the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> server.
The NTAs for a view are saved in a file called
<code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>.nta</code>,
where <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> is the
name of the view, or if it contains characters
that are incompatible with use as a file name, a
cryptographic hash generated from the name
of the view.
</p>
<p>
An existing NTA can be removed by using the
<code class="option">-remove</code> option.
</p>
<p>
An NTA's lifetime can be specified with the
<code class="option">-lifetime</code> option. TTL-style
suffixes can be used to specify the lifetime in
seconds, minutes, or hours. If the specified NTA
already exists, its lifetime will be updated to the
new value. Setting <code class="option">lifetime</code> to zero
is equivalent to <code class="option">-remove</code>.
</p>
<p>
If <code class="option">-dump</code> is used, any other arguments
are ignored, and a list of existing NTAs is printed
(note that this may include NTAs that are expired but
have not yet been cleaned up).
</p>
<p>
Normally, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will periodically
test to see whether data below an NTA can now be
validated (see the <code class="option">nta-recheck</code> option
in the Administrator Reference Manual for details).
If data can be validated, then the NTA is regarded as
no longer necessary, and will be allowed to expire
early. The <code class="option">-force</code> overrides this
behavior and forces an NTA to persist for its entire
lifetime, regardless of whether data could be
validated if the NTA were not present.
</p>
<p>
All of these options can be shortened, i.e., to
<code class="option">-l</code>, <code class="option">-r</code>, <code class="option">-d</code>,
and <code class="option">-f</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>querylog</code></strong> [<span class="optional">on|off</span>] </span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Enable or disable query logging. (For backward
compatibility, this command can also be used without
an argument to toggle query logging on and off.)
</p>
<p>
Query logging can also be enabled
by explicitly directing the <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>
<span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> to a
<span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> in the
<span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> section of
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> or by specifying
<span><strong class="command">querylog yes;</strong></span> in the
<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> section of
<code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reconfig</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Reload the configuration file and load new zones,
but do not reload existing zone files even if they
have changed.
This is faster than a full <span><strong class="command">reload</strong></span> when there
is a large number of zones because it avoids the need
to examine the
modification times of the zones files.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>recursing</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Dump the list of queries <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is currently recursing
on.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Schedule zone maintenance for the given zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reload</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Reload configuration file and zones.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reload <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Reload the given zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>retransfer <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Retransfer the given slave zone from the master server.
</p>
<p>
If the zone is configured to use
<span><strong class="command">inline-signing</strong></span>, the signed
version of the zone is discarded; after the
retransfer of the unsigned version is complete, the
signed version will be regenerated with all new
signatures.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>scan</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Scan the list of available network interfaces
for changes, without performing a full
<span><strong class="command">reconfig</strong></span> or waiting for the
<span><strong class="command">interface-interval</strong></span> timer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>secroots [<span class="optional">-</span>] [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Dump the server's security roots and negative trust anchors
for the specified views. If no view is specified, all views
are dumped.
</p>
<p>
If the first argument is "-", then the output is
returned via the <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> response channel
and printed to the standard output.
Otherwise, it is written to the secroots dump file, which
defaults to <code class="filename">named.secroots</code>, but can be
overridden via the <code class="option">secroots-file</code> option in
<code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc managed-keys</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>showzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>] </code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Print the configuration of a running zone.
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc zonestatus</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>sign <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone
from the key directory (see the
<span><strong class="command">key-directory</strong></span> option in
the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual). If they are within
their publication period, merge them into the
zone's DNSKEY RRset. If the DNSKEY RRset
is changed, then the zone is automatically
re-signed with the new key set.
</p>
<p>
This command requires that the
<span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span> zone option be set
to <code class="literal">allow</code> or
<code class="literal">maintain</code>,
and also requires the zone to be configured to
allow dynamic DNS.
(See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the Administrator
Reference Manual for more details.)
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc loadkeys</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>signing [<span class="optional">( -list | -clear <em class="replaceable"><code>keyid/algorithm</code></em> | -clear <code class="literal">all</code> | -nsec3param ( <em class="replaceable"><code>parameters</code></em> | <code class="literal">none</code> ) | -serial <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> ) </span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>] </code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
List, edit, or remove the DNSSEC signing state records
for the specified zone. The status of ongoing DNSSEC
operations (such as signing or generating
NSEC3 chains) is stored in the zone in the form
of DNS resource records of type
<span><strong class="command">sig-signing-type</strong></span>.
<span><strong class="command">rndc signing -list</strong></span> converts
these records into a human-readable form,
indicating which keys are currently signing
or have finished signing the zone, and which NSEC3
chains are being created or removed.
</p>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">rndc signing -clear</strong></span> can remove
a single key (specified in the same format that
<span><strong class="command">rndc signing -list</strong></span> uses to
display it), or all keys. In either case, only
completed keys are removed; any record indicating
that a key has not yet finished signing the zone
will be retained.
</p>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">rndc signing -nsec3param</strong></span> sets
the NSEC3 parameters for a zone. This is the
only supported mechanism for using NSEC3 with
<span><strong class="command">inline-signing</strong></span> zones.
Parameters are specified in the same format as
an NSEC3PARAM resource record: hash algorithm,
flags, iterations, and salt, in that order.
</p>
<p>
Currently, the only defined value for hash algorithm
is <code class="literal">1</code>, representing SHA-1.
The <code class="option">flags</code> may be set to
<code class="literal">0</code> or <code class="literal">1</code>,
depending on whether you wish to set the opt-out
bit in the NSEC3 chain. <code class="option">iterations</code>
defines the number of additional times to apply
the algorithm when generating an NSEC3 hash. The
<code class="option">salt</code> is a string of data expressed
in hexadecimal, a hyphen (`-') if no salt is
to be used, or the keyword <code class="literal">auto</code>,
which causes <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to generate a
random 64-bit salt.
</p>
<p>
So, for example, to create an NSEC3 chain using
the SHA-1 hash algorithm, no opt-out flag,
10 iterations, and a salt value of "FFFF", use:
<span><strong class="command">rndc signing -nsec3param 1 0 10 FFFF <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
To set the opt-out flag, 15 iterations, and no
salt, use:
<span><strong class="command">rndc signing -nsec3param 1 1 15 - <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
</p>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">rndc signing -nsec3param none</strong></span>
removes an existing NSEC3 chain and replaces it
with NSEC.
</p>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">rndc signing -serial value</strong></span> sets
the serial number of the zone to value. If the value
would cause the serial number to go backwards it will
be rejected. The primary use is to set the serial on
inline signed zones.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>stats</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Write server statistics to the statistics file.
(See the <span><strong class="command">statistics-file</strong></span> option in
the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>status</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display status of the server.
Note that the number of zones includes the internal <span><strong class="command">bind/CH</strong></span> zone
and the default <span><strong class="command">/IN</strong></span>
hint zone if there is not an
explicit root zone configured.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>stop [<span class="optional">-p</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Stop the server, making sure any recent changes
made through dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to
the master files of the updated zones.
If <code class="option">-p</code> is specified <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>'s process id is returned.
This allows an external process to determine when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
had completed stopping.
</p>
<p>See also <span><strong class="command">rndc halt</strong></span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>sync [<span class="optional">-clean</span>] [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sync changes in the journal file for a dynamic zone
to the master file. If the "-clean" option is
specified, the journal file is also removed. If
no zone is specified, then all zones are synced.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>thaw [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Enable updates to a frozen dynamic zone. If no
zone is specified, then all frozen zones are
enabled. This causes the server to reload the zone
from disk, and re-enables dynamic updates after the
load has completed. After a zone is thawed,
dynamic updates will no longer be refused. If
the zone has changed and the
<span><strong class="command">ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> option is
in use, then the journal file will be updated to
reflect changes in the zone. Otherwise, if the
zone has changed, any existing journal file will be
removed.
</p>
<p>See also <span><strong class="command">rndc freeze</strong></span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>trace</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Increment the servers debugging level by one.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>trace <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Sets the server's debugging level to an explicit
value.
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc notrace</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>tsig-delete</code></strong> <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Delete a given TKEY-negotiated key from the server.
(This does not apply to statically configured TSIG
keys.)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>tsig-list</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
List the names of all TSIG keys currently configured
for use by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> in each view. The
list both statically configured keys and dynamic
TKEY-negotiated keys.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>validation ( on | off | check ) [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>] </code></strong></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Enable, disable, or check the current status of
DNSSEC validation.
Note <span><strong class="command">dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or
<strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong> to be effective.
It defaults to enabled.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>zonestatus [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Displays the current status of the given zone,
including the master file name and any include
files from which it was loaded, when it was most
recently loaded, the current serial number, the
number of nodes, whether the zone supports
dynamic updates, whether the zone is DNSSEC
signed, whether it uses automatic DNSSEC key
management or inline signing, and the scheduled
refresh or expiry times for the zone.
</p>
<p>
See also <span><strong class="command">rndc showzone</strong></span>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2692535"></a><h2>LIMITATIONS</h2>
<p>
There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a
<code class="option">key_id</code> without using the configuration file.
</p>
<p>
Several error messages could be clearer.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2692553"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ndc</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2692609"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
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