man.nsupdate.html revision ba713ac34af236ef867cc27288e599659379cd66
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<!--
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - Copyright (C) 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass -
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass -
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass-->
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<!-- $Id$ -->
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<html>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<head>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<title>nsupdate</title>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html" title="Manual pages">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<link rel="prev" href="man.named-rrchecker.html" title="named-rrchecker">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<link rel="next" href="man.rndc.html" title="rndc">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass</head>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<div class="navheader">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">nsupdate</span></th></tr>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<tr>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<td width="20%" align="left">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<a accesskey="p" href="man.named-rrchecker.html">Prev</a>�</td>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</th>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.rndc.html">Next</a>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass</td>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass</tr>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass</table>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<hr>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass</div>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<div class="refentry" lang="en">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<a name="man.nsupdate"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<div class="refnamediv">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<h2>Name</h2>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p><span class="application">nsupdate</span> &#8212; Dynamic DNS update utility</p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass</div>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<h2>Synopsis</h2>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nsupdate</code> [<code class="option">-d</code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [[<code class="option">-g</code>] | [<code class="option">-o</code>] | [<code class="option">-l</code>] | [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></code>] | [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></code>]] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-T</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [filename]</p></div>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass</div>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<a name="id2652867"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC 2136
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass to a name server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass without manually editing the zone file.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass one
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass resource record.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Zones that are under dynamic control via
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Manual edits could
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass have to be in the same zone.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Requests are sent to the zone's master server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="option">-d</code>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass option makes
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass operate in debug mode.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass This provides tracing information about the update requests that are
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass made and the replies received from the name server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The <code class="option">-D</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass report additional debugging information to <code class="option">-d</code>.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The <code class="option">-L</code> option with an integer argument of zero or
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass higher sets the logging debug level. If zero, logging is disabled.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass DNS updates. These use the TSIG resource record type described
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass in RFC 2845 or the SIG(0) record described in RFC 2535 and
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass RFC 2931 or GSS-TSIG as described in RFC 3645. TSIG relies on
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass a shared secret that should only be known to
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> and the name server. Currently,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass the only supported encryption algorithm for TSIG is HMAC-MD5,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass which is defined in RFC 2104. Once other algorithms are
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass defined for TSIG, applications will need to ensure they select
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass the appropriate algorithm as well as the key when authenticating
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass each other. For instance, suitable <span class="type">key</span> and
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="type">server</span> statements would be added to
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> so that the name server
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass can associate the appropriate secret key and algorithm with
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass the IP address of the client application that will be using
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass TSIG authentication. SIG(0) uses public key cryptography.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass To use a SIG(0) key, the public key must be stored in a KEY
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass record in a zone served by the name server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> does not read
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass GSS-TSIG uses Kerberos credentials. Standard GSS-TSIG mode
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass is switched on with the <code class="option">-g</code> flag. A
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass non-standards-compliant variant of GSS-TSIG used by Windows
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass 2000 can be switched on with the <code class="option">-o</code> flag.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass uses the <code class="option">-y</code> or <code class="option">-k</code> option
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass to provide the shared secret needed to generate a TSIG record
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass for authenticating Dynamic DNS update requests, default type
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass HMAC-MD5. These options are mutually exclusive.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass When the <code class="option">-y</code> option is used, a signature is
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass generated from
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass [<span class="optional"><em class="parameter"><code>hmac:</code></em></span>]<em class="parameter"><code>keyname:secret.</code></em>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> is the name of the key, and
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Use of the <code class="option">-y</code> option is discouraged because the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass shared secret is supplied as a command line argument in clear text.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass This may be visible in the output from
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass With the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="option">-k</code> option, <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> reads
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass the shared secret from the file <em class="parameter"><code>keyfile</code></em>.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Keyfiles may be in two formats: a single file containing
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass a <code class="filename">named.conf</code>-format <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass statement, which may be generated automatically by
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span><strong class="command">ddns-confgen</strong></span>, or a pair of files whose names are
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass of the format <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</code> and
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</code>, which can be
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The <code class="option">-k</code> may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> can be run in a local-host only mode
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass using the <code class="option">-l</code> flag. This sets the server address to
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass localhost (disabling the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> so that the server
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass address cannot be overridden). Connections to the local server will
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass use a TSIG key found in <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass which is automatically generated by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> if any
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass local master zone has set <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> to
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span><strong class="command">local</strong></span>. The location of this key file can be
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass overridden with the <code class="option">-k</code> option.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass By default, <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="option">-v</code>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass option makes
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass use a TCP connection.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass This may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The <code class="option">-p</code> sets the default port number to use for
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass connections to a name server. The default is 53.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the maximum time an update request
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass can
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass take before it is aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass used
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass to disable the timeout.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass </p>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<p>
The <code class="option">-u</code> option sets the UDP retry interval. The default
is
3 seconds. If zero, the interval will be computed from the timeout
interval
and number of UDP retries.
</p>
<p>
The <code class="option">-r</code> option sets the number of UDP retries. The
default is
3. If zero, only one update request will be made.
</p>
<p>
The <code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code> option
specifies a source of randomness. If the operating system
does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code> or
equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard
input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code> specifies the name of
a character device or file containing random data to be used
instead of the default. The special value
<code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard input
should be used. This option may be specified multiple times.
</p>
<p>
Other types can be entered using "TYPEXXXXX" where "XXXXX" is the
decimal value of the type with no leading zeros. The rdata,
if present, will be parsed using the UNKNOWN rdata format,
(&lt;backslash&gt; &lt;hash&gt; &lt;space&gt; &lt;length&gt;
&lt;space&gt; &lt;hexstring&gt;).
</p>
<p>
The <code class="option">-T</code> and <code class="option">-P</code> options print out
lists of non-meta types for which the type-specific presentation
formats are known. <code class="option">-T</code> prints out the list of
IANA-assigned types. <code class="option">-P</code> prints out the list of
private types specific to <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. These options
may be combined. <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> will exit after the
lists are printed.
</p>
<p>
The -V option causes <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> to print the
version number and exit.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2678981"></a><h2>INPUT FORMAT</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
reads input from
<em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>
or standard input.
Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input.
Some commands are for administrative purposes.
The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the
contents of the zone.
These checks set conditions that some name or set of
resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone.
These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed.
Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions
fail.
</p>
<p>
Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites
and zero or more updates.
This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some
specified resource records are present or missing from the zone.
A blank input line (or the <span><strong class="command">send</strong></span> command)
causes the
accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the
name server.
</p>
<p>
The command formats and their meaning are as follows:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
{servername}
[port]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server
<em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>.
When no server statement is provided,
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
will send updates to the master server of the correct zone.
The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the
master
server for that zone.
<em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em>
is the port number on
<em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>
where the dynamic update requests get sent.
If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of
53 is
used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">local</strong></span>
{address}
[port]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends all dynamic update requests using the local
<em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>.
When no local statement is provided,
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
will send updates using an address and port chosen by the
system.
<em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em>
can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific
port.
If no port number is specified, the system will assign one.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
{zonename}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone
<em class="parameter"><code>zonename</code></em>.
If no
<em class="parameter"><code>zone</code></em>
statement is provided,
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the
rest of the input.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
{classname}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the default class.
If no <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is specified, the
default class is
<em class="parameter"><code>IN</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span>
{seconds}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the default time to live for records to be added.
The value <em class="parameter"><code>none</code></em> will clear the default
ttl.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
{name}
{secret}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG-signed using the
<em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> <em class="parameter"><code>keysecret</code></em> pair.
The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> command
overrides any key specified on the command line via
<code class="option">-y</code> or <code class="option">-k</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">gsstsig</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use GSS-TSIG to sign the updated. This is equivalent to
specifying <code class="option">-g</code> on the commandline.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">oldgsstsig</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use the Windows 2000 version of GSS-TSIG to sign the updated.
This is equivalent to specifying <code class="option">-o</code> on the
commandline.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">realm</strong></span>
{[<span class="optional">realm_name</span>]}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
When using GSS-TSIG use <em class="parameter"><code>realm_name</code></em> rather
than the default realm in <code class="filename">krb5.conf</code>. If no
realm is specified the saved realm is cleared.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] nxdomain</strong></span>
{domain-name}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxdomain</strong></span>
{domain-name}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] nxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that no resource record exists of the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
This requires that a resource record of the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
must exist.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
{data...}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
The
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
from each set of prerequisites of this form
sharing a common
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>,
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must
exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the
given
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>,
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
The
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
are written in the standard text representation of the resource
record's
RDATA.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">update</span>] del[<span class="optional">ete</span>]</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[ttl]
[class]
[type [data...]]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deletes any resource records named
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
is provided, only matching resource records will be removed.
The internet class is assumed if
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is not supplied. The
<em class="parameter"><code>ttl</code></em>
is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">update</span>] add</strong></span>
{domain-name}
{ttl}
[class]
{type}
{data...}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Adds a new resource record with the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>ttl</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">show</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Displays the current message, containing all of the
prerequisites and
updates specified since the last send.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">send</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a
blank line.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">answer</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Displays the answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Turn on debugging.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">version</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print version number.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">help</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print a list of commands.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2680085"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p>
The examples below show how
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
could be used to insert and delete resource records from the
<span class="type">example.com</span>
zone.
Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so
that
a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the
master name server for
<span class="type">example.com</span>.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
# nsupdate
&gt; update delete oldhost.example.com A
&gt; update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
&gt; send
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Any A records for
<span class="type">oldhost.example.com</span>
are deleted.
And an A record for
<span class="type">newhost.example.com</span>
with IP address 172.16.1.1 is added.
The newly-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds).
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
# nsupdate
&gt; prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
&gt; update add nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com
&gt; send
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there
are no resource records of any type for
<span class="type">nickname.example.com</span>.
If there are, the update request fails.
If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added.
This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the
long-standing rule in RFC 1034 that a name must not exist as any other
record type if it exists as a CNAME.
(The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC 2535 to allow CNAMEs to have
RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records.)
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2680135"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/etc/resolv.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
used to identify default name server
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/var/run/named/session.key</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
sets the default TSIG key for use in local-only mode
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2680218"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2136</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 3007</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2104</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2845</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2535</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2931</em>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddns-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2680276"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files.
This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library
for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future
releases.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left">
<a accesskey="p" href="man.named-rrchecker.html">Prev</a>�</td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Up</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.rndc.html">Next</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">
<span class="application">named-rrchecker</span>�</td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<span class="application">rndc</span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>