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03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<!--
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03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync</div>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<div class="refentry" lang="en">
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<a name="man.nsupdate"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<div class="refnamediv">
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<h2>Name</h2>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p><span class="application">nsupdate</span> &#8212; Dynamic DNS update utility</p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync</div>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<h2>Synopsis</h2>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nsupdate</code> [<code class="option">-d</code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [[<code class="option">-g</code>] | [<code class="option">-o</code>] | [<code class="option">-l</code>] | [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></code>] | [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></code>]] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-T</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [filename]</p></div>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync</div>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<a name="id2654836"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC 2136
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync to a name server.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync without manually editing the zone file.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync one
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync resource record.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync Zones that are under dynamic control via
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync Manual edits could
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync have to be in the same zone.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync Requests are sent to the zone's master server.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync The
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <code class="option">-d</code>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync option makes
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync operate in debug mode.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync This provides tracing information about the update requests that are
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync made and the replies received from the name server.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync The <code class="option">-D</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync report additional debugging information to <code class="option">-d</code>.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync The <code class="option">-L</code> option with an integer argument of zero or
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync higher sets the logging debug level. If zero, logging is disabled.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync DNS updates. These use the TSIG resource record type described
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync in RFC 2845 or the SIG(0) record described in RFC 2535 and
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync RFC 2931 or GSS-TSIG as described in RFC 3645. TSIG relies on
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync a shared secret that should only be known to
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> and the name server. Currently,
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync the only supported encryption algorithm for TSIG is HMAC-MD5,
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync which is defined in RFC 2104. Once other algorithms are
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync defined for TSIG, applications will need to ensure they select
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync the appropriate algorithm as well as the key when authenticating
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync each other. For instance, suitable <span class="type">key</span> and
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span class="type">server</span> statements would be added to
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> so that the name server
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync can associate the appropriate secret key and algorithm with
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync the IP address of the client application that will be using
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync TSIG authentication. SIG(0) uses public key cryptography.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync To use a SIG(0) key, the public key must be stored in a KEY
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync record in a zone served by the name server.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> does not read
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync GSS-TSIG uses Kerberos credentials. Standard GSS-TSIG mode
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync is switched on with the <code class="option">-g</code> flag. A
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync non-standards-compliant variant of GSS-TSIG used by Windows
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync 2000 can be switched on with the <code class="option">-o</code> flag.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync uses the <code class="option">-y</code> or <code class="option">-k</code> option
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync to provide the shared secret needed to generate a TSIG record
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync for authenticating Dynamic DNS update requests, default type
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync HMAC-MD5. These options are mutually exclusive.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync When the <code class="option">-y</code> option is used, a signature is
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync generated from
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync [<span class="optional"><em class="parameter"><code>hmac:</code></em></span>]<em class="parameter"><code>keyname:secret.</code></em>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> is the name of the key, and
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the name of the key algorithm;
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync valid choices are <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>, or
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code>. If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync is not specified, the default is <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync NOTE: Use of the <code class="option">-y</code> option is discouraged because the
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync shared secret is supplied as a command line argument in clear text.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync This may be visible in the output from
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync With the
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <code class="option">-k</code> option, <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> reads
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync the shared secret from the file <em class="parameter"><code>keyfile</code></em>.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync Keyfiles may be in two formats: a single file containing
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync a <code class="filename">named.conf</code>-format <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync statement, which may be generated automatically by
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span><strong class="command">ddns-confgen</strong></span>, or a pair of files whose names are
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync of the format <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</code> and
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</code>, which can be
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync The <code class="option">-k</code> may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> can be run in a local-host only mode
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync using the <code class="option">-l</code> flag. This sets the server address to
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync localhost (disabling the <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> so that the server
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync address cannot be overridden). Connections to the local server will
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync use a TSIG key found in <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>,
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync which is automatically generated by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> if any
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync local master zone has set <span><strong class="command">update-policy</strong></span> to
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span><strong class="command">local</strong></span>. The location of this key file can be
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync overridden with the <code class="option">-k</code> option.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync By default, <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync The
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <code class="option">-v</code>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync option makes
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync use a TCP connection.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync This may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync The <code class="option">-p</code> sets the default port number to use for
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync connections to a name server. The default is 53.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the maximum time an update request
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync can
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync take before it is aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync used
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync to disable the timeout.
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync </p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync<p>
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync The <code class="option">-u</code> option sets the UDP retry interval. The default
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync is
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync 3 seconds. If zero, the interval will be computed from the timeout
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync interval
03532efdc331b598d3dedc8cc7477641c3b0dd12vboxsync and number of UDP retries.
</p>
<p>
The <code class="option">-r</code> option sets the number of UDP retries. The
default is
3. If zero, only one update request will be made.
</p>
<p>
The <code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code> option
specifies a source of randomness. If the operating system
does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code> or
equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard
input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code> specifies the name of
a character device or file containing random data to be used
instead of the default. The special value
<code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard input
should be used. This option may be specified multiple times.
</p>
<p>
Other types can be entered using "TYPEXXXXX" where "XXXXX" is the
decimal value of the type with no leading zeros. The rdata,
if present, will be parsed using the UNKNOWN rdata format,
(&lt;backslash&gt; &lt;hash&gt; &lt;space&gt; &lt;length&gt;
&lt;space&gt; &lt;hexstring&gt;).
</p>
<p>
The <code class="option">-T</code> and <code class="option">-P</code> options print out
lists of non-meta types for which the type-specific presentation
formats are known. <code class="option">-T</code> prints out the list of
IANA-assigned types. <code class="option">-P</code> prints out the list of
private types specific to <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. These options
may be combined. <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> will exit after the
lists are printed.
</p>
<p>
The -V option causes <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> to print the
version number and exit.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2685369"></a><h2>INPUT FORMAT</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
reads input from
<em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>
or standard input.
Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input.
Some commands are for administrative purposes.
The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the
contents of the zone.
These checks set conditions that some name or set of
resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone.
These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed.
Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions
fail.
</p>
<p>
Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites
and zero or more updates.
This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some
specified resource records are present or missing from the zone.
A blank input line (or the <span><strong class="command">send</strong></span> command)
causes the
accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the
name server.
</p>
<p>
The command formats and their meaning are as follows:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span>
{servername}
[port]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server
<em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>.
When no server statement is provided,
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
will send updates to the master server of the correct zone.
The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the
master
server for that zone.
<em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em>
is the port number on
<em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>
where the dynamic update requests get sent.
If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of
53 is
used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">local</strong></span>
{address}
[port]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends all dynamic update requests using the local
<em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>.
When no local statement is provided,
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
will send updates using an address and port chosen by the
system.
<em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em>
can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific
port.
If no port number is specified, the system will assign one.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
{zonename}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone
<em class="parameter"><code>zonename</code></em>.
If no
<em class="parameter"><code>zone</code></em>
statement is provided,
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the
rest of the input.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">class</strong></span>
{classname}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the default class.
If no <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is specified, the
default class is
<em class="parameter"><code>IN</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">ttl</strong></span>
{seconds}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the default time to live for records to be added.
The value <em class="parameter"><code>none</code></em> will clear the default
ttl.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
[hmac:] {keyname}
{secret}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG-signed using the
<em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> pair.
If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is specified, then it sets the
signing algorithm in use; the default is
<code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>. The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
command overrides any key specified on the command line via
<code class="option">-y</code> or <code class="option">-k</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">gsstsig</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use GSS-TSIG to sign the updated. This is equivalent to
specifying <code class="option">-g</code> on the commandline.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">oldgsstsig</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use the Windows 2000 version of GSS-TSIG to sign the updated.
This is equivalent to specifying <code class="option">-o</code> on the
commandline.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">realm</strong></span>
{[<span class="optional">realm_name</span>]}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
When using GSS-TSIG use <em class="parameter"><code>realm_name</code></em> rather
than the default realm in <code class="filename">krb5.conf</code>. If no
realm is specified the saved realm is cleared.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">check-names</strong></span>
{[<span class="optional">yes_or_no</span>]}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Turn on or off check-names processing on records to
be added. Check-names has no effect on prerequisites
or records to be deleted. By default check-names
processing is on. If check-names processing fails
the record will not be added to the UPDATE message.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] nxdomain</strong></span>
{domain-name}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxdomain</strong></span>
{domain-name}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] nxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that no resource record exists of the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
This requires that a resource record of the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
must exist.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
{data...}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
The
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
from each set of prerequisites of this form
sharing a common
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>,
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must
exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the
given
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>,
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
The
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
are written in the standard text representation of the resource
record's
RDATA.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">update</span>] del[<span class="optional">ete</span>]</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[ttl]
[class]
[type [data...]]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deletes any resource records named
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
is provided, only matching resource records will be removed.
The internet class is assumed if
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is not supplied. The
<em class="parameter"><code>ttl</code></em>
is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">[<span class="optional">update</span>] add</strong></span>
{domain-name}
{ttl}
[class]
{type}
{data...}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Adds a new resource record with the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>ttl</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">show</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Displays the current message, containing all of the
prerequisites and
updates specified since the last send.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">send</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a
blank line.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">answer</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Displays the answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">debug</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Turn on debugging.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">version</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print version number.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span><strong class="command">help</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print a list of commands.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2686585"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p>
The examples below show how
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
could be used to insert and delete resource records from the
<span class="type">example.com</span>
zone.
Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so
that
a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the
master name server for
<span class="type">example.com</span>.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
# nsupdate
&gt; update delete oldhost.example.com A
&gt; update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
&gt; send
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Any A records for
<span class="type">oldhost.example.com</span>
are deleted.
And an A record for
<span class="type">newhost.example.com</span>
with IP address 172.16.1.1 is added.
The newly-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds).
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
# nsupdate
&gt; prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
&gt; update add nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com
&gt; send
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there
are no resource records of any type for
<span class="type">nickname.example.com</span>.
If there are, the update request fails.
If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added.
This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the
long-standing rule in RFC 1034 that a name must not exist as any other
record type if it exists as a CNAME.
(The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC 2535 to allow CNAMEs to have
RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records.)
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2686635"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/etc/resolv.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
used to identify default name server
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/var/run/named/session.key</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
sets the default TSIG key for use in local-only mode
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2686718"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2136</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 3007</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2104</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2845</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2535</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2931</em>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddns-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2686776"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files.
This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library
for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future
releases.
</p>
</div>
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