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4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<a name="man.nsupdate"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<div class="refnamediv">
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<h2>Name</h2>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p><span class="application">nsupdate</span> &#8212; Dynamic DNS update utility</p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync</div>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<h2>Synopsis</h2>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nsupdate</code> [<code class="option">-d</code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [[<code class="option">-g</code>] | [<code class="option">-o</code>] | [<code class="option">-l</code>] | [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></code>] | [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></code>]] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-T</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [filename]</p></div>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync</div>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<div class="refsection">
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<a name="id-1.14.24.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p><span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC 2136
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync to a name server.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync without manually editing the zone file.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync one
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync resource record.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Zones that are under dynamic control via
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Manual edits could
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync have to be in the same zone.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Requests are sent to the zone's master server.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync DNS updates. These use the TSIG resource record type described
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync in RFC 2845 or the SIG(0) record described in RFC 2535 and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync RFC 2931 or GSS-TSIG as described in RFC 3645.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync TSIG relies on
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync a shared secret that should only be known to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span> and the name server.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync For instance, suitable <span class="type">key</span> and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="type">server</span> statements would be added to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> so that the name server
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync can associate the appropriate secret key and algorithm with
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the IP address of the client application that will be using
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync TSIG authentication. You can use <span class="command"><strong>ddns-confgen</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync to generate suitable configuration fragments.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync uses the <code class="option">-y</code> or <code class="option">-k</code> options
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync to provide the TSIG shared secret. These options are mutually exclusive.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync SIG(0) uses public key cryptography.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync To use a SIG(0) key, the public key must be stored in a KEY
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync record in a zone served by the name server.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync GSS-TSIG uses Kerberos credentials. Standard GSS-TSIG mode
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync is switched on with the <code class="option">-g</code> flag. A
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync non-standards-compliant variant of GSS-TSIG used by Windows
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync 2000 can be switched on with the <code class="option">-o</code> flag.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync</div>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<div class="refsection">
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<a name="id-1.14.24.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-d</span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Debug mode. This provides tracing information about the
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync update requests that are made and the replies received
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync from the name server.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p></dd>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-D</span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Extra debug mode.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p></dd>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The file containing the TSIG authentication key.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Keyfiles may be in two formats: a single file containing
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync a <code class="filename">named.conf</code>-format <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync statement, which may be generated automatically by
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="command"><strong>ddns-confgen</strong></span>, or a pair of files whose names are
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync of the format <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</code> and
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</code>, which can be
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync generated by <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span>.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The <code class="option">-k</code> may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p></dd>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-l</span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Local-host only mode. This sets the server address to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync localhost (disabling the <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> so that the server
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync address cannot be overridden). Connections to the local server will
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync use a TSIG key found in <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>,
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync which is automatically generated by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> if any
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync local master zone has set <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> to
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <span class="command"><strong>local</strong></span>. The location of this key file can be
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync overridden with the <code class="option">-k</code> option.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p></dd>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Set the logging debug level. If zero, logging is disabled.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p></dd>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Set the port to use for connections to a name server. The
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync default is 53.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p></dd>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-P</span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Print the list of private BIND-specific resource record
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync types whose format is understood
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync by <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>. See also
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync the <code class="option">-T</code> option.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p></dd>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync The number of UDP retries. The default is 3. If zero, only
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync one update request will be made.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p></dd>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync Where to obtain randomness. If the operating system
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code> or
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code> specifies the name of
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync a character device or file containing random data to be used
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync instead of the default. The special value
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard input
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync should be used. This option may be specified multiple times.
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync </p></dd>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></span></dt>
4fd606d1f5abe38e1f42c38de1d2e895166bd0f4vboxsync<dd><p>
The maximum time an update request can take before it is
aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be used to
disable the timeout.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-T</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Print the list of IANA standard resource record types
whose format is understood by <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>.
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span> will exit after the lists are
printed. The <code class="option">-T</code> option can be combined
with the <code class="option">-P</code> option.
</p>
<p>
Other types can be entered using "TYPEXXXXX" where "XXXXX" is the
decimal value of the type with no leading zeros. The rdata,
if present, will be parsed using the UNKNOWN rdata format,
(&lt;backslash&gt; &lt;hash&gt; &lt;space&gt; &lt;length&gt;
&lt;space&gt; &lt;hexstring&gt;).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The UDP retry interval. The default is 3 seconds. If zero,
the interval will be computed from the timeout interval and
number of UDP retries.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use TCP even for small update requests.
By default, <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too
large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used.
TCP may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print the version number and exit.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Literal TSIG authentication key.
<em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> is the name of the key, and
<em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
<em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the name of the key algorithm;
valid choices are <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
<code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
<code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>, or
<code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code>. If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em>
is not specified, the default is <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>
or if MD5 was disabled <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>.
</p>
<p>
NOTE: Use of the <code class="option">-y</code> option is discouraged because the
shared secret is supplied as a command line argument in clear text.
This may be visible in the output from
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.24.9"></a><h2>INPUT FORMAT</h2>
<p><span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
reads input from
<em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>
or standard input.
Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input.
Some commands are for administrative purposes.
The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the
contents of the zone.
These checks set conditions that some name or set of
resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone.
These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed.
Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions
fail.
</p>
<p>
Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites
and zero or more updates.
This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some
specified resource records are present or missing from the zone.
A blank input line (or the <span class="command"><strong>send</strong></span> command)
causes the
accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the
name server.
</p>
<p>
The command formats and their meaning are as follows:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
{servername}
[port]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server
<em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>.
When no server statement is provided,
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
will send updates to the master server of the correct zone.
The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the
master
server for that zone.
<em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em>
is the port number on
<em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>
where the dynamic update requests get sent.
If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of
53 is
used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>local</strong></span>
{address}
[port]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends all dynamic update requests using the local
<em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>.
When no local statement is provided,
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
will send updates using an address and port chosen by the
system.
<em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em>
can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific
port.
If no port number is specified, the system will assign one.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
{zonename}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone
<em class="parameter"><code>zonename</code></em>.
If no
<em class="parameter"><code>zone</code></em>
statement is provided,
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the
rest of the input.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>class</strong></span>
{classname}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the default class.
If no <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is specified, the
default class is
<em class="parameter"><code>IN</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>ttl</strong></span>
{seconds}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the default time to live for records to be added.
The value <em class="parameter"><code>none</code></em> will clear the default
ttl.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
[hmac:] {keyname}
{secret}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG-signed using the
<em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> pair.
If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is specified, then it sets the
signing algorithm in use; the default is
<code class="literal">hmac-md5</code> or if MD5 was disabled
<code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>. The <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
command overrides any key specified on the command line via
<code class="option">-y</code> or <code class="option">-k</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>gsstsig</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use GSS-TSIG to sign the updated. This is equivalent to
specifying <code class="option">-g</code> on the command line.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>oldgsstsig</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use the Windows 2000 version of GSS-TSIG to sign the updated.
This is equivalent to specifying <code class="option">-o</code> on the
command line.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>realm</strong></span>
{[<span class="optional">realm_name</span>]}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
When using GSS-TSIG use <em class="parameter"><code>realm_name</code></em> rather
than the default realm in <code class="filename">krb5.conf</code>. If no
realm is specified the saved realm is cleared.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span>
{[<span class="optional">yes_or_no</span>]}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Turn on or off check-names processing on records to
be added. Check-names has no effect on prerequisites
or records to be deleted. By default check-names
processing is on. If check-names processing fails
the record will not be added to the UPDATE message.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] nxdomain</strong></span>
{domain-name}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxdomain</strong></span>
{domain-name}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] nxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that no resource record exists of the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
This requires that a resource record of the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
must exist.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
{data...}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
The
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
from each set of prerequisites of this form
sharing a common
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>,
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must
exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the
given
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>,
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
The
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
are written in the standard text representation of the resource
record's
RDATA.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">update</span>] del[<span class="optional">ete</span>]</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[ttl]
[class]
[type [data...]]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deletes any resource records named
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
is provided, only matching resource records will be removed.
The internet class is assumed if
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is not supplied. The
<em class="parameter"><code>ttl</code></em>
is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">update</span>] add</strong></span>
{domain-name}
{ttl}
[class]
{type}
{data...}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Adds a new resource record with the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>ttl</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>show</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Displays the current message, containing all of the
prerequisites and
updates specified since the last send.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>send</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a
blank line.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>answer</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Displays the answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Turn on debugging.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>version</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print version number.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>help</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print a list of commands.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.24.10"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p>
The examples below show how
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
could be used to insert and delete resource records from the
<span class="type">example.com</span>
zone.
Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so
that
a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the
master name server for
<span class="type">example.com</span>.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
# nsupdate
&gt; update delete oldhost.example.com A
&gt; update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
&gt; send
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Any A records for
<span class="type">oldhost.example.com</span>
are deleted.
And an A record for
<span class="type">newhost.example.com</span>
with IP address 172.16.1.1 is added.
The newly-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds).
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
# nsupdate
&gt; prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
&gt; update add nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com
&gt; send
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there
are no resource records of any type for
<span class="type">nickname.example.com</span>.
If there are, the update request fails.
If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added.
This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the
long-standing rule in RFC 1034 that a name must not exist as any other
record type if it exists as a CNAME.
(The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC 2535 to allow CNAMEs to have
RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records.)
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.24.11"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/etc/resolv.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
used to identify default name server
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/var/run/named/session.key</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
sets the default TSIG key for use in local-only mode
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.24.12"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2136</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 3007</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2104</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2845</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2535</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2931</em>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddns-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.24.13"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files.
This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library
for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future
releases.
</p>
</div>
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