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5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">nsupdate</span></th></tr>
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5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<a name="man.nsupdate"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass — Dynamic DNS update utility
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>]
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass | [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></code>]
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass | [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></code>]
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></code>]
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></code>]
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></code>]
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>]
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <p><span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC 2136
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass to a name server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass without manually editing the zone file.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass resource record.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Zones that are under dynamic control via
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Manual edits could
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass have to be in the same zone.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Requests are sent to the zone's master server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass DNS updates. These use the TSIG resource record type described
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass in RFC 2845 or the SIG(0) record described in RFC 2535 and
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass RFC 2931 or GSS-TSIG as described in RFC 3645.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass TSIG relies on
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass a shared secret that should only be known to
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span> and the name server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass For instance, suitable <span class="type">key</span> and
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="type">server</span> statements would be added to
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> so that the name server
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass can associate the appropriate secret key and algorithm with
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass the IP address of the client application that will be using
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass TSIG authentication. You can use <span class="command"><strong>ddns-confgen</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass to generate suitable configuration fragments.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass uses the <code class="option">-y</code> or <code class="option">-k</code> options
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass to provide the TSIG shared secret. These options are mutually exclusive.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass SIG(0) uses public key cryptography.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass To use a SIG(0) key, the public key must be stored in a KEY
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass record in a zone served by the name server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass GSS-TSIG uses Kerberos credentials. Standard GSS-TSIG mode
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass is switched on with the <code class="option">-g</code> flag. A
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass non-standards-compliant variant of GSS-TSIG used by Windows
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass 2000 can be switched on with the <code class="option">-o</code> flag.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Debug mode. This provides tracing information about the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass update requests that are made and the replies received
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass from the name server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Extra debug mode.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Force interactive mode, even when standard input is not a terminal.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></span></dt>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The file containing the TSIG authentication key.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Keyfiles may be in two formats: a single file containing
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass a <code class="filename">named.conf</code>-format <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass statement, which may be generated automatically by
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>ddns-confgen</strong></span>, or a pair of files whose names are
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass of the format <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</code> and
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</code>, which can be
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass generated by <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span>.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The <code class="option">-k</code> may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Local-host only mode. This sets the server address to
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass localhost (disabling the <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> so that the server
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass address cannot be overridden). Connections to the local server will
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass use a TSIG key found in <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass which is automatically generated by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> if any
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass local master zone has set <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> to
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>local</strong></span>. The location of this key file can be
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass overridden with the <code class="option">-k</code> option.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Set the logging debug level. If zero, logging is disabled.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Set the port to use for connections to a name server. The
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass default is 53.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Print the list of private BIND-specific resource record
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass types whose format is understood
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass by <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>. See also
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></span></dt>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The number of UDP retries. The default is 3. If zero, only
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass one update request will be made.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<dt><span class="term">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Where to obtain randomness. If the operating system
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code> or
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code> specifies the name of
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass a character device or file containing random data to be used
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass instead of the default. The special value
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard input
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass should be used. This option may be specified multiple times.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></span></dt>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The maximum time an update request can take before it is
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be used to
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass disable the timeout.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Print the list of IANA standard resource record types
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass whose format is understood by <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span> will exit after the lists are
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass printed. The <code class="option">-T</code> option can be combined
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Other types can be entered using "TYPEXXXXX" where "XXXXX" is the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass decimal value of the type with no leading zeros. The rdata,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass if present, will be parsed using the UNKNOWN rdata format,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass (<backslash> <hash> <space> <length>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <space> <hexstring>).
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></span></dt>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The UDP retry interval. The default is 3 seconds. If zero,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass the interval will be computed from the timeout interval and
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass number of UDP retries.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Use TCP even for small update requests.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass By default, <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass TCP may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Print the version number and exit.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<dt><span class="term">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></span></dt>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Literal TSIG authentication key.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> is the name of the key, and
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the name of the key algorithm;
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass valid choices are <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>, or
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code>. If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass is not specified, the default is <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass or if MD5 was disabled <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass NOTE: Use of the <code class="option">-y</code> option is discouraged because the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass shared secret is supplied as a command line argument in clear text.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass This may be visible in the output from
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <p><span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass reads input from
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass or standard input.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Some commands are for administrative purposes.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass contents of the zone.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass These checks set conditions that some name or set of
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass and zero or more updates.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass specified resource records are present or missing from the zone.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass A blank input line (or the <span class="command"><strong>send</strong></span> command)
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass name server.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The command formats and their meaning are as follows:
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass {servername}
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass When no server statement is provided,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass will send updates to the master server of the correct zone.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass server for that zone.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass is the port number on
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass where the dynamic update requests get sent.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>local</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Sends all dynamic update requests using the local
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass When no local statement is provided,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass will send updates using an address and port chosen by the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass If no port number is specified, the system will assign one.
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass statement is provided,
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the
5b139d58acfcae4b1bcab5a895706abafc2a87a0Dav Glass rest of the input.
<em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> pair.
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">update</span>] del[<span class="optional">ete</span>]</strong></span>
> update delete oldhost.example.com A
> update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
> prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.2 (Extended Support Version)</p>