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58b671de3fe578346fef9642ffa3c5a0a0edb3cbTill Mossakowski<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
7f7460e7095628f3437b116ee78d3043d11f8febChristian Maeder<p><span class="application">named</span> — Internet domain name server</p>
697e63e30aa3c309a1ef1f9357745111f8dfc5a9Christian Maeder<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>logfile</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>lock-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
4c8d3c5a9e938633f6147b5a595b9b93bfca99e6Christian Maeder<a name="id-1.14.19.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
697e63e30aa3c309a1ef1f9357745111f8dfc5a9Christian Maeder<p><span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
697e63e30aa3c309a1ef1f9357745111f8dfc5a9Christian Maeder is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
697e63e30aa3c309a1ef1f9357745111f8dfc5a9Christian Maeder part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder When invoked without arguments, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
697e63e30aa3c309a1ef1f9357745111f8dfc5a9Christian Maeder read the default configuration file
c4040537e6f2153af475dd8b07260a1ee9a56ac0Christian Maeder <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
c4040537e6f2153af475dd8b07260a1ee9a56ac0Christian Maeder data, and listen for queries.
1b05bdb88b90d3c947351f262d7ae7d68f0a4a6fTill Mossakowski<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
7f7460e7095628f3437b116ee78d3043d11f8febChristian Maeder Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
b03274844ecd270f9e9331f51cc4236a33e2e671Christian Maeder Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
a1c6679d00e15a949730ab640159e0adc5b0e3e7Christian Maeder <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
4fc3dccf009f8ad9522960e54ab7a5c3d601e342Klaus Luettich<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
1e3950d5c1f0e041dd7677856e43f07796567d5bChristian Maeder Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
4fc3dccf009f8ad9522960e54ab7a5c3d601e342Klaus Luettich configuration file instead of the default,
4fc3dccf009f8ad9522960e54ab7a5c3d601e342Klaus Luettich <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
ff21411cdf7c6d8d3acebbdebeade1d5ac502b83Christian Maeder ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
4fc3dccf009f8ad9522960e54ab7a5c3d601e342Klaus Luettich to work after the server has changed its working
4fc3dccf009f8ad9522960e54ab7a5c3d601e342Klaus Luettich directory due to to a possible
4fc3dccf009f8ad9522960e54ab7a5c3d601e342Klaus Luettich <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
f0e85ee7e4accfc01f46aa0363acc59fcd248e8aTill Mossakowski an absolute pathname.
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
c4040537e6f2153af475dd8b07260a1ee9a56ac0Christian Maeder Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder Debugging traces from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> become
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder more verbose as the debug level increases.
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></span></dt>
7f7460e7095628f3437b116ee78d3043d11f8febChristian Maeder Specifies a string that is used to identify a instance of
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> in a process listing. The contents
7f7460e7095628f3437b116ee78d3043d11f8febChristian Maeder of <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> are
a3a7d8b3cdf05c8040c62dbcf9a15dc5042cd721Christian Maeder not examined.
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></span></dt>
ff21411cdf7c6d8d3acebbdebeade1d5ac502b83Christian Maeder When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for
ff21411cdf7c6d8d3acebbdebeade1d5ac502b83Christian Maeder cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used
ff21411cdf7c6d8d3acebbdebeade1d5ac502b83Christian Maeder When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults
e97bcfa4f74907e1a5ccfc3bc1509d1849cda603Christian Maeder to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service
f3e815e0f960f2c002904b18ad75c149a3827d9fChristian Maeder module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
e97bcfa4f74907e1a5ccfc3bc1509d1849cda603Christian Maeder provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
89ab08979dc23d72e9e09c8990a8c44847041d6fChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>logfile</code></em></span></dt>
89ab08979dc23d72e9e09c8990a8c44847041d6fChristian Maeder Log to the file <code class="option">logfile</code> by default
42972ddff400840d46eb54422b60083228b2996cChristian Maeder instead of the system log.
42972ddff400840d46eb54422b60083228b2996cChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></span></dt>
99aecbb3a3f935dd4663a45760a703faabdd04fbChristian Maeder Sets the default memory context options. Currently
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder the only supported option is
42972ddff400840d46eb54422b60083228b2996cChristian Maeder <em class="replaceable"><code>external</code></em>,
42972ddff400840d46eb54422b60083228b2996cChristian Maeder which causes the internal memory manager to be bypassed
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder in favor of system-provided memory allocation functions.
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
be8b8876edf3d7138ddd39a4ec07d857dde5bbb5Christian Maeder <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
be8b8876edf3d7138ddd39a4ec07d857dde5bbb5Christian Maeder <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
be8b8876edf3d7138ddd39a4ec07d857dde5bbb5Christian Maeder <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
254df6f22d01eacf7c57b85729e0445747b630d9Christian Maeder <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
7f7460e7095628f3437b116ee78d3043d11f8febChristian Maeder <code class="filename"><isc/mem.h></code>.
a55b09f4ef6e58ad617b59899d93c63bb4d6f287Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
b83ff3749d99d03b641adee264b781039a551addChristian Maeder Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
b83ff3749d99d03b641adee264b781039a551addChristian Maeder to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
7297175957c5ad3c0498032190b1dee9ec5fb873Christian Maeder <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will try to determine the
7f7460e7095628f3437b116ee78d3043d11f8febChristian Maeder number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
17d4f8c5576d93f36cafe68161cdb960ec49ce7cChristian Maeder If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
17d4f8c5576d93f36cafe68161cdb960ec49ce7cChristian Maeder single worker thread will be created.
f1d04fe5072b827d9cc490ebdbca78108241a392Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
f1d04fe5072b827d9cc490ebdbca78108241a392Christian Maeder Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder specified, the default is port 53.
c092fcac4b8f5c524c22ca579189c4487c13edf7Christian Maeder Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
21dae7237ac384abdb94a81e00b3f099873ec623Till Mossakowski This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
1b05bdb88b90d3c947351f262d7ae7d68f0a4a6fTill Mossakowski and may be removed or changed in a future release.
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></span></dt>
758cf077c1349a62f0541808d8fa9582bc263704Christian Maeder Allow <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to use up to
74b841a4b332085d5fd79975a13313c2681ae595Christian Maeder <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em> sockets.
74b841a4b332085d5fd79975a13313c2681ae595Christian Maeder The default value is 4096 on systems built with default
74b841a4b332085d5fd79975a13313c2681ae595Christian Maeder configuration options, and 21000 on systems built with
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder "configure --with-tuning=large".
95c3e5d11dcee331dc3876a9bf0c1d6daa38e2caChristian Maeder<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder The use of this option could even be harmful because the
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder specified value may exceed the limitation of the
74b841a4b332085d5fd79975a13313c2681ae595Christian Maeder underlying system API.
26ed2a19326560786ff94dfc462309d6d5d862a8Heng Jiang It is therefore set only when the default configuration
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
7f7460e7095628f3437b116ee78d3043d11f8febChristian Maeder operational environment is known to support the
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder specified number of sockets.
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder fewer than the specified value because
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> reserves some file descriptors
26ed2a19326560786ff94dfc462309d6d5d862a8Heng Jiang for its internal use.
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
948f37fdb71c544ff4c907bc5863702648cf36e4Christian Maeder to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
948f37fdb71c544ff4c907bc5863702648cf36e4Christian Maeder processing the command line arguments, but before
1e3950d5c1f0e041dd7677856e43f07796567d5bChristian Maeder reading the configuration file.
948f37fdb71c544ff4c907bc5863702648cf36e4Christian Maeder<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
89ab08979dc23d72e9e09c8990a8c44847041d6fChristian Maeder This option should be used in conjunction with the
1e3950d5c1f0e041dd7677856e43f07796567d5bChristian Maeder <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
89ab08979dc23d72e9e09c8990a8c44847041d6fChristian Maeder running as root doesn't enhance security on most
89ab08979dc23d72e9e09c8990a8c44847041d6fChristian Maeder systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
f3faf4e4346b6224a3aaeeac11bac8b5c8932a29Christian Maeder defined allows a process with root privileges to
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder escape a chroot jail.
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></span></dt>
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder Use <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em>
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder worker threads to listen for incoming UDP packets on each
1f315f2e146d15c0aec01f7ae076708bbac29796Christian Maeder address. If not specified, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
ef2affdc0cdf3acd5c051597c04ab9b08a346a7dChristian Maeder calculate a default value based on the number of detected
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder CPUs: 1 for 1 CPU, and the number of detected CPUs
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder minus one for machines with more than 1 CPU. This cannot
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder be increased to a value higher than the number of CPUs.
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder If <code class="option">-n</code> has been set to a higher value than
996a56a455d65cfac4ddedd44fd90cfc1ea849aeChristian Maeder the number of detected CPUs, then <code class="option">-U</code> may
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder be increased as high as that value, but no higher.
ef2affdc0cdf3acd5c051597c04ab9b08a346a7dChristian Maeder On Windows, the number of UDP listeners is hardwired to 1
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder and this option has no effect.
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
74b841a4b332085d5fd79975a13313c2681ae595Christian Maeder to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
74b841a4b332085d5fd79975a13313c2681ae595Christian Maeder privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder listen on privileged ports.
74b841a4b332085d5fd79975a13313c2681ae595Christian Maeder<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
f3faf4e4346b6224a3aaeeac11bac8b5c8932a29Christian Maeder On Linux, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
7688e20f844fe88f75c04016841ebb5e5e3d927fChristian Maeder privileged port and set process resource limits.
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
f3faf4e4346b6224a3aaeeac11bac8b5c8932a29Christian Maeder option only works when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is
74b841a4b332085d5fd79975a13313c2681ae595Christian Maeder on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
996a56a455d65cfac4ddedd44fd90cfc1ea849aeChristian Maeder later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
74b841a4b332085d5fd79975a13313c2681ae595Christian Maeder to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
1f315f2e146d15c0aec01f7ae076708bbac29796Christian Maeder Report the version number and exit.
f3faf4e4346b6224a3aaeeac11bac8b5c8932a29Christian Maeder Report the version number and build options, and exit.
f3faf4e4346b6224a3aaeeac11bac8b5c8932a29Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>lock-file</code></em></span></dt>
f3faf4e4346b6224a3aaeeac11bac8b5c8932a29Christian Maeder Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder helps to prevent duplicate <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> instances
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder from running simultaneously.
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder Use of this option overrides the <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span>
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder option in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder If set to <code class="literal">none</code>, the lock file check
ef2affdc0cdf3acd5c051597c04ab9b08a346a7dChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
4a8f990902448d0562fbe1a98ce685ddbd531d38Christian Maeder Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
4a8f990902448d0562fbe1a98ce685ddbd531d38Christian Maeder cache of the default view.
46947810076241f06f3e2919edb2289ed84d6c15Christian Maeder<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder This option must not be used. It is only of interest
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder future release.
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder the nameserver; <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> should be used
996a56a455d65cfac4ddedd44fd90cfc1ea849aeChristian Maeder<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder Force a reload of the server.
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder Shut down the server.
1f315f2e146d15c0aec01f7ae076708bbac29796Christian Maeder The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder<a name="id-1.14.19.10"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> inherits the <code class="function">umask</code>
89ab08979dc23d72e9e09c8990a8c44847041d6fChristian Maeder (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder created by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>, such as journal files,
ddd8734e5b3802a1a6c908af6b1e870af76c932dChristian Maeder need to have custom permissions, the <code class="function">umask</code>
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> process.
4b0e0613129ebfc53e3e87985c20a537da91d18dChristian Maeder<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder The default configuration file.
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code></span></dt>
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder The default process-id file.
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder<a name="id-1.14.19.12"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
16023c23c9d17743033afd994ad11c386d17b376Christian Maeder <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
54fb645be0a806e7fd3c0eed5691c2153eb8d518Christian Maeder <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
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996a56a455d65cfac4ddedd44fd90cfc1ea849aeChristian Maeder<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.0rc3</p>