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5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207Tinderbox User - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207Tinderbox User - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<p><span class="application">named</span> — Internet domain name server</p>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User read the default configuration file
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data, and listen for queries.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User configuration file instead of the default,
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to work after the server has changed its working
2b4d1b54f6ca406b8233d9e6fea9593df6dad035Tinderbox User directory due to to a possible
2b4d1b54f6ca406b8233d9e6fea9593df6dad035Tinderbox User <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
2b4d1b54f6ca406b8233d9e6fea9593df6dad035Tinderbox User file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
2b4d1b54f6ca406b8233d9e6fea9593df6dad035Tinderbox User an absolute pathname.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein more verbose as the debug level increases.
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User single worker thread will be created.
6f64d4ab8e68f9b2333bcbfc755396d29a4a9d7cAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
44d0f0256fbdce130a18655023c3b06bacacbd61Automatic Updater Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User specified, the default is port 53.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User and may be removed or changed in a future release.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
bcf15a19ae0efa72a22cdfb50666a3c6ce39eb9fTinderbox User processing the command line arguments, but before
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User reading the configuration file.
983df82baf1d7d0b668c98cf45928a19f175c6e7Tinderbox User<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User This option should be used in conjunction with the
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User running as root doesn't enhance security on most
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox User systems; the way <code class="function">chroot()</code> is
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User defined allows a process with root privileges to
983df82baf1d7d0b668c98cf45928a19f175c6e7Tinderbox User escape a chroot jail.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein listen on privileged ports.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein except the ability to <code class="function">bind()</code> to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein privileged port and set process resource limits.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be retained after <code class="function">setuid()</code>.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User Report the version number and exit.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User cache of the default view.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option must not be used. It is only of interest
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User future release.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt Force a reload of the server.
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User Shut down the server.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default configuration file.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code></span></dt>
af40ebed6257e4ac1996144530b3de317cf4da11Tinderbox User The default process-id file.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt<a accesskey="p" href="man.named-checkzone.html">Prev</a>�</td>
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fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<span class="application">rndc</span></td>