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d6fa26d0adaec6c910115be34fe7a5a5f402c14fMark Andrews<!--
c40265eba0c99708887d68e67901924065ba2514Brian Wellington - Copyright (C) 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein -
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c40265eba0c99708887d68e67901924065ba2514Brian Wellington -
d6fa26d0adaec6c910115be34fe7a5a5f402c14fMark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
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fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">named</span></th></tr>
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7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<div class="refentry" lang="en">
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<div class="refnamediv">
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<h2>Name</h2>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<p><span class="application">named</span> &#8212; Internet domain name server</p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User</div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
d856585f5fe37cc2ea82115c10339578d2b517b1Automatic Updater<h2>Synopsis</h2>
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>logfile</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
d856585f5fe37cc2ea82115c10339578d2b517b1Automatic Updater</div>
d856585f5fe37cc2ea82115c10339578d2b517b1Automatic Updater<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
d856585f5fe37cc2ea82115c10339578d2b517b1Automatic Updater<a name="id2653028"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
d856585f5fe37cc2ea82115c10339578d2b517b1Automatic Updater<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
d856585f5fe37cc2ea82115c10339578d2b517b1Automatic Updater information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
d856585f5fe37cc2ea82115c10339578d2b517b1Automatic Updater </p>
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User<p>
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User will
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User read the default configuration file
d856585f5fe37cc2ea82115c10339578d2b517b1Automatic Updater <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein data, and listen for queries.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User</div>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id2653059"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
f7b41fd9291b8f4dba27e2b57e1d93f0913a4f1dMark Andrews exclusive.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
ea640e04eae220b5e569f188563eb1f204c7c77eTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
ea640e04eae220b5e569f188563eb1f204c7c77eTinderbox User exclusive.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
ea640e04eae220b5e569f188563eb1f204c7c77eTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User configuration file instead of the default,
ea640e04eae220b5e569f188563eb1f204c7c77eTinderbox User <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
ea640e04eae220b5e569f188563eb1f204c7c77eTinderbox User ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
ea640e04eae220b5e569f188563eb1f204c7c77eTinderbox User to work after the server has changed its working
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User directory due to to a possible
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User an absolute pathname.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
d85c83c4144116fbc2734a6a623a888fea1a307fAutomatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User more verbose as the debug level increases.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User Specifies a string that is used to identify a instance of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> in a process listing. The contents
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User of <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> are
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User not examined.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<p>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User for signing.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User </p>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User<p>
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews </p>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews</dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User to <code class="filename">stderr</code>.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>logfile</code></em></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Log to the file <code class="option">logfile</code> by default
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User instead of the system log.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <code class="filename">&lt;isc/mem.h&gt;</code>.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User<dd><p>
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein single worker thread will be created.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
specified, the default is port 53.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
and may be removed or changed in a future release.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Allow <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to use up to
<em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em> sockets.
The default value is 4096 on systems built with default
configuration options, and 21000 on systems built with
"configure --with-tuning=large".
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
of users.
The use of this option could even be harmful because the
specified value may exceed the limitation of the
underlying system API.
It is therefore set only when the default configuration
causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
operational environment is known to support the
specified number of sockets.
Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
fewer than the specified value because
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> reserves some file descriptors
for its internal use.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>Chroot
to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
processing the command line arguments, but before
reading the configuration file.
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option should be used in conjunction with the
<code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
running as root doesn't enhance security on most
systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
defined allows a process with root privileges to
escape a chroot jail.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em>
worker threads to listen for incoming UDP packets on each
address. If not specified, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
calculate a default value based on the number of detected
CPUs: 1 for 1 CPU, 2 for 2-4 CPUs, and the number of
detected CPUs divided by 2 for values higher than 4.
If <code class="option">-n</code> has been set to a higher value than
the number of detected CPUs, then <code class="option">-U</code> may
be increased as high as that value, but no higher.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>Setuid
to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
listen on privileged ports.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
a
privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
run
on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Report the version number and exit.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Report the version number and build options, and exit.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
cache of the default view.
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option must not be used. It is only of interest
to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
future release.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2686122"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
<p>
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
instead.
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Force a reload of the server.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Shut down the server.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2686241"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
in the
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> inherits the <code class="function">umask</code>
(file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
created by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, such as journal files,
need to have custom permissions, the <code class="function">umask</code>
should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> process.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2686290"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The default configuration file.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The default process-id file.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2686333"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2686404"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
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