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4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen<hr>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen</div>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen<div class="refentry">
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen <div class="refnamediv">
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen<h2>Name</h2>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen<p>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen <span class="application">named</span>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen &#8212; Internet domain name server
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen </p>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen</div>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen <div class="refsynopsisdiv">
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen<h2>Synopsis</h2>
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen <div class="cmdsynopsis"><p>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen <code class="command">named</code>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-4</code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-6</code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>]
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-f</code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-g</code>]
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>logfile</code></em></code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>]
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>]
c2fbbf7515aa419dc8b2d62a3c2bb0471d51a391Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>]
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-s</code>]
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>]
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></code>]
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-v</code>]
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-V</code>]
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>lock-file</code></em></code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen </p></div>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen </div>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen <div class="refsection">
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen<a name="id-1.14.19.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen <p><span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen </p>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen <p>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen When invoked without arguments, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen will
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen read the default configuration file
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen data, and listen for queries.
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen </p>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen </div>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen <div class="refsection">
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen<a name="id-1.14.19.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen<dd>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen <p>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen exclusive.
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen </p>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen </dd>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen<dd>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen <p>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen exclusive.
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen </p>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen </dd>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
4020006405eab97087f985a64b505d3cf48ceac7Timo Sirainen<dd>
4020006405eab97087f985a64b505d3cf48ceac7Timo Sirainen <p>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen configuration file instead of the default,
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen to work after the server has changed its working
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen directory due to to a possible
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen an absolute pathname.
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen </p>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen </dd>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen<dd>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen <p>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen Debugging traces from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> become
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen more verbose as the debug level increases.
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen </p>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen </dd>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></span></dt>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen<dd>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen <p>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen Specifies a string that is used to identify a instance of
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> in a process listing. The contents
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen of <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> are
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen not examined.
20b2d47ed762ca2c009aa37e360af6f223ac71bdTimo Sirainen </p>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen </dd>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></span></dt>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen<dd>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen <p>
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used
5c2d695acf9f95ae0dcdda89c4d2391ceda4d672Timo Sirainen for signing.
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen </p>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen <p>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen </p>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen </dd>
4fc52b7b25c3d3f42348903e0154840f8761f306Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen<dd>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen <p>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen </p>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen </dd>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen<dd>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen <p>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen to <code class="filename">stderr</code>.
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen </p>
896093ae6961612ac6ef8722d79dd457f1b43dd0Timo Sirainen </dd>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>logfile</code></em></span></dt>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen<dd>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen <p>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen Log to the file <code class="option">logfile</code> by default
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen instead of the system log.
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen </p>
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen </dd>
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></span></dt>
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen<dd>
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen <p>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen Sets the default memory context options. Currently
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen the only supported option is
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>external</code></em>,
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen which causes the internal memory manager to be bypassed
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen in favor of system-provided memory allocation functions.
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen </p>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen </dd>
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen<dd>
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen <p>
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen <code class="filename">&lt;isc/mem.h&gt;</code>.
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen </p>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen </dd>
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
55058d5f50f7e53bb22df4fa6ae951c8001416abTimo Sirainen<dd>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen <p>
c4b376dd6e0c423006d7ac83a39253bcaf8e7c47Timo Sirainen Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
1176124297af5c56e932c0863c6637ff21d8a0efTimo Sirainen to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will try to determine the
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen single worker thread will be created.
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen </p>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen </dd>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen<dd>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen <p>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen specified, the default is port 53.
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen </p>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen </dd>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen<dd>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen <p>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen </p>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen <p>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen and may be removed or changed in a future release.
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen </p>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen </div>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen </dd>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen<dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></span></dt>
d798962a54c5cda054d57a0cfc7e5f47dfa20f6eTimo Sirainen<dd>
<p>
Allow <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to use up to
<em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em> sockets.
The default value is 4096 on systems built with default
configuration options, and 21000 on systems built with
"configure --with-tuning=large".
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
of users.
The use of this option could even be harmful because the
specified value may exceed the limitation of the
underlying system API.
It is therefore set only when the default configuration
causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
operational environment is known to support the
specified number of sockets.
Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
fewer than the specified value because
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> reserves some file descriptors
for its internal use.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>Chroot
to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
processing the command line arguments, but before
reading the configuration file.
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option should be used in conjunction with the
<code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
running as root doesn't enhance security on most
systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
defined allows a process with root privileges to
escape a chroot jail.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em>
worker threads to listen for incoming UDP packets on each
address. If not specified, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> will
calculate a default value based on the number of detected
CPUs: 1 for 1 CPU, and the number of detected CPUs
minus one for machines with more than 1 CPU. This cannot
be increased to a value higher than the number of CPUs.
If <code class="option">-n</code> has been set to a higher value than
the number of detected CPUs, then <code class="option">-U</code> may
be increased as high as that value, but no higher.
On Windows, the number of UDP listeners is hardwired to 1
and this option has no effect.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>Setuid
to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
listen on privileged ports.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
On Linux, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
a
privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
option only works when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is
run
on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Report the version number and exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Report the version number and build options, and exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>lock-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this
helps to prevent duplicate <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> instances
from running simultaneously.
Use of this option overrides the <span class="command"><strong>lock-file</strong></span>
option in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
If set to <code class="literal">none</code>, the lock file check
is disabled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
cache of the default view.
</p>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p>
This option must not be used. It is only of interest
to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
future release.
</p>
</div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.19.9"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
<p>
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> should be used
instead.
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Force a reload of the server.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Shut down the server.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.19.10"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
in the
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> inherits the <code class="function">umask</code>
(file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
created by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>, such as journal files,
need to have custom permissions, the <code class="function">umask</code>
should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> process.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.19.11"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The default configuration file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The default process-id file.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.14.19.12"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>
(8)
</span>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>
(8)
</span>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>
(8)
</span>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>
(8)
</span>,
<span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>
(5)
</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
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