20875N/A - Copyright (C) 2004-2006 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") 20875N/A - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium. 20875N/A - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 20875N/A - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 20875N/A - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 20875N/A - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH 20875N/A - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 20875N/A - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, 20875N/A - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM 20875N/A - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE 20875N/A - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR 20875N/A - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 20875N/A<
meta http-
equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
20875N/A<
meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.69.1">
20875N/A<
body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
20875N/A<
table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
20875N/A<
tr><
th colspan="3" align="center"><
span class="application">named</
span></
th></
tr>
20875N/A<
th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</
th>
20875N/A<
div class="refentry" lang="en">
20875N/A<
p><
span class="application">named</
span> — Internet domain name server</
p>
20875N/A<
div class="cmdsynopsis"><
p><
code class="command">named</
code> [<
code class="option">-4</
code>] [<
code class="option">-6</
code>] [<
code class="option">-c <
em class="replaceable"><
code>config-file</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-d <
em class="replaceable"><
code>debug-level</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-f</
code>] [<
code class="option">-g</
code>] [<
code class="option">-n <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#cpus</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-p <
em class="replaceable"><
code>port</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-s</
code>] [<
code class="option">-t <
em class="replaceable"><
code>directory</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-u <
em class="replaceable"><
code>user</
code></
em></
code>] [<
code class="option">-v</
code>] [<
code class="option">-x <
em class="replaceable"><
code>cache-file</
code></
em></
code>]</
p></
div>
20875N/A<
div class="refsect1" lang="en">
20875N/A<
a name="id2584881"></
a><
h2>DESCRIPTION</
h2>
20875N/A<
p><
span><
strong class="command">named</
strong></
span>
20875N/A is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
20875N/A part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
20875N/A information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
20875N/A When invoked without arguments, <
span><
strong class="command">named</
strong></
span>
20875N/A read the default configuration file
20875N/A<
div class="refsect1" lang="en">
20875N/A<
a name="id2584912"></
a><
h2>OPTIONS</
h2>
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-4</
span></
dt>
20875N/A Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
20875N/A <
code class="option">-4</
code> and <
code class="option">-6</
code> are mutually
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-6</
span></
dt>
20875N/A Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
20875N/A <
code class="option">-4</
code> and <
code class="option">-6</
code> are mutually
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-c <
em class="replaceable"><
code>config-file</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
20875N/A Use <
em class="replaceable"><
code>config-file</
code></
em> as the
20875N/A configuration file instead of the default,
20875N/A ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
20875N/A to work after the server has changed its working
20875N/A <
code class="option">directory</
code> option in the configuration
20875N/A file, <
em class="replaceable"><
code>config-file</
code></
em> should be
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-d <
em class="replaceable"><
code>debug-level</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
20875N/A Set the daemon's debug level to <
em class="replaceable"><
code>debug-level</
code></
em>.
20875N/A Debugging traces from <
span><
strong class="command">named</
strong></
span> become
20875N/A more verbose as the debug level increases.
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-f</
span></
dt>
20875N/A Run the server in the foreground (
i.e. do not daemonize).
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-g</
span></
dt>
20875N/A Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
20875N/A to <
code class="filename">stderr</
code>.
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-n <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#cpus</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
20875N/A Create <
em class="replaceable"><
code>#cpus</
code></
em> worker threads
20875N/A to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
20875N/A <
span><
strong class="command">named</
strong></
span> will try to determine the
20875N/A number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
20875N/A If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
20875N/A single worker thread will be created.
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-p <
em class="replaceable"><
code>port</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
20875N/A Listen for queries on port <
em class="replaceable"><
code>port</
code></
em>. If not
20875N/A specified, the default is port 53.
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-s</
span></
dt>
20875N/A Write memory usage statistics to <
code class="filename">stdout</
code> on exit.
20875N/A<
div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
20875N/A This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
20875N/A and may be removed or changed in a future release.
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-t <
em class="replaceable"><
code>directory</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
20875N/A<
p><
code class="function">chroot()</
code>
20875N/A to <
em class="replaceable"><
code>directory</
code></
em> after
20875N/A processing the command line arguments, but before
20875N/A reading the configuration file.
20875N/A<
div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
20875N/A This option should be used in conjunction with the
20875N/A <
code class="option">-u</
code> option, as chrooting a process
20875N/A running as root doesn't enhance security on most
20875N/A systems; the way <
code class="function">chroot()</
code> is
20875N/A defined allows a process with root privileges to
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-u <
em class="replaceable"><
code>user</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
20875N/A<
p><
code class="function">setuid()</
code>
20875N/A to <
em class="replaceable"><
code>user</
code></
em> after completing
20875N/A privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
20875N/A<
div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
20875N/A On Linux, <
span><
strong class="command">named</
strong></
span> uses the kernel's
20875N/A capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
20875N/A except the ability to <
code class="function">bind()</
code> to
20875N/A privileged port and set process resource limits.
20875N/A Unfortunately, this means that the <
code class="option">-u</
code>
20875N/A option only works when <
span><
strong class="command">named</
strong></
span> is
20875N/A on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
20875N/A later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
20875N/A to be retained after <
code class="function">setuid()</
code>.
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-v</
span></
dt>
20875N/A Report the version number and exit.
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">-x <
em class="replaceable"><
code>cache-file</
code></
em></
span></
dt>
20875N/A Load data from <
em class="replaceable"><
code>cache-file</
code></
em> into the
20875N/A<
div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
20875N/A This option must not be used. It is only of interest
20875N/A to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
20875N/A<
div class="refsect1" lang="en">
20875N/A<
a name="id2585350"></
a><
h2>SIGNALS</
h2>
20875N/A In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
20875N/A the nameserver; <
span><
strong class="command">rndc</
strong></
span> should be used
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">SIGHUP</
span></
dt>
20875N/A<
dt><
span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</
span></
dt>
20875N/A The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
20875N/A<
div class="refsect1" lang="en">
20875N/A<
a name="id2585400"></
a><
h2>CONFIGURATION</
h2>
20875N/A The <
span><
strong class="command">named</
strong></
span> configuration file is too complex
20875N/A to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
20875N/A <
em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</
em>.
20875N/A<
div class="refsect1" lang="en">
20875N/A<
a name="id2585419"></
a><
h2>FILES</
h2>
20875N/A The default configuration file.
20875N/A<
div class="refsect1" lang="en">
20875N/A<
a name="id2585531"></
a><
h2>SEE ALSO</
h2>
20875N/A<
p><
em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</
em>,
20875N/A <
em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</
em>,
20875N/A <
em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</
em>,
20875N/A <
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">rndc</
span>(8)</
span>,
20875N/A <
span class="citerefentry"><
span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</
span>(8)</
span>,
20875N/A <
em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</
em>.
20783N/A<
div class="refsect1" lang="en">
20875N/A<
a name="id2585571"></
a><
h2>AUTHOR</
h2>
20875N/A<
p><
span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</
span>
20875N/A<
table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
20875N/A<
td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><
span class="application">named-checkzone</
span>�</
td>
20875N/A<
td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<
span class="application">rndc</
span></
td>